فهرست مطالب سید ولی الله موسوی

The purpose of the study was to investigate the mediating role of religious attitudes in the relationship between hope and resilience with marital instability in couples seeking divorce. The design of the current research was descriptive and correlational, which was carried out through the path analysis method. In this research, 211 people applying for divorce in Guilan province were selected using the purposeful sampling method and then proceeded to complete the research questionnaires. SPSS25 and AMOS22 software were used for data analysis. The results indicated that there is an inverse and significant relationship between resilience and hope with marital instability. Also, the investigation of mediating variables showed that in the relationship between resilience and instability of marriage, all three dimensions of belief, emotions and religious behavior had a significant mediation (p<0.05). But in relation to hope, only the component of religious emotions mediated the relationship between hope and marital instability (p<0.0001). In order to reduce the instability of couples' marriages, strategies for increasing resilience and hope can be used. Also, by training in the field of religious attitudes and increasing religious belief, behavior and emotions, the impact of resilience on marriage instability can be increased.​

 This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of two different approaches in teaching self-determination skills and acceptance and commitment, and their impact on the academic understanding of students displaying self-defeating behaviors.  

 The current study has a practical purpose and utilizes a semi-experimental method with an unequal control group design. The target population for this research consisted of all undergraduate students at Gilan University. The participants were selected using a three-stage cluster sampling method, which involved selecting faculties, fields, and specific classes within those faculties at Guilan University. Each experimental group (Group 1 and Group 2) and the control group consisted of 15 individuals. The researchers used Henderson-King and Smith's (2006) Meaning of Education Questionnaire and Cunningham's (2007) Self-defeating Cognition and Behavior Questionnaire to assess the variables. The researchers also incorporated a self-determination training protocol and training sessions based on acceptance and commitment.  

 The findings indicated that training in self-determination and commitment had a pronounced impact on enhancing the significance of education for students who engaged in self-defeating actions, and it was observed that self-determination training had a more substantial effect than commitment-based training (p<0/005).  

 These results have the potential to serve as an educational and therapeutic aid within universities, clinics, and counseling centers to reinforce the significance of education among students who exhibit self-defeating tendencies.

Intellectual disability is a type of neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by cognitive and communication impairments that can lead to limited social networks compared to the general population. Additionally, developmental changes during adolescence increase the vulnerability to loneliness in individuals with intellectual disabilities. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of loneliness among adolescents with intellectual disabilities using an existential phenomenological approach. The research design was qualitative and hermeneutic, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 23 adolescents with mild and borderline intellectual disabilities. Data analysis was conducted simultaneously with data collection using the Dickelman method, resulting in four main themes: "Loneliness as an experience of separation," "Consequences of loneliness," "The nature of loneliness" and Loneliness as a fundamental experience of life." Each main theme was further analyzed to identify several subtopics. The results of this study, consistent with existing research on existential phenomenology, suggest that loneliness is an existential structure experienced by adolescents with intellectual disabilities. These findings provide valuable insights for educational and therapeutic professionals in planning programs for individuals with intellectual disabilities, highlighting the importance of addressing their understanding of existential loneliness.

The purpose of this study was to predict the psychological well-being of mothers of mentally retarded children based on perceived social support, defense styles, and self-compassion. The research design was a descriptive-correlational study and the methodology is basic in purpose. The statistical population included mothers of mentally retarded elementary school students in exceptional schools in the northern cities of Khuzestan province (Shoush, Andimeshk and Dezful) in the school year 2020-2021, among whom 120 mothers were selected through purposive sampling. The instruments were: Psychological Well-Being (RSPWB), Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS), Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ), and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis with the method of simultaneous entry in SPSS-24 software. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between psychological well-being and perceived social support, mature defense styles, and self-compassion, and a negative and significant relationship with neurotic and immature defense styles. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that 81% of the changes in psychological well-being were predicted by perceived social support, defense styles, and self-compassion. Based on the knowledge of the main factors affecting psychological well-being, planning and intervention measures can be taken to increase it and reduce problems.

COVID-19 has caused psychological problems in athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Corona Disease Anxiety (CDA) and the role of sport mindfulness and mental toughness in predicting it in bodybuilding athletes. The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of this study consisted of all bodybuilding athletes in Malayer, from which 267 athletes were selected by convenience sampling method. The CDA, Sport Mindfulness and Mental Toughness scales were used to collect the data. Pearson correlation and stepwise regression were used to analyze the data. The results showed that 40.82% of bodybuilding athletes had moderate to severe CDA. The results of stepwise regression showed that sport mindfulness (refocusing) and mental toughness (control and challenge) played a significant role in predicting CDA. According to the results, sports psychologist's attention to psychological problems, especially CDA in bodybuilding athletes in the COVID-19 outbreak is necessary to be able to provide the necessary planning for psychological training based on sport mindfulness and mental toughness to reduce CDA.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused numerous psychological problems in society, and mothers of young children are among those at risk for these problems. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of Covid-19-induced Anxiety in mothers with young children and the role of spiritual well-being and attachment to God in the prediction of this anxiety.

The present study was conducted based on a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population included all mothers with young children in Malayer city. The statistical sample included 132 mothers with young children who were randomly selected from pediatrician's clinics. Corona Disease Anxiety, Spiritual Well-Being, and Attachment to God Scales were used to collect data.

The results demonstrated that 64.39% and 21.22% of mothers with young children had moderate and severe Corona disease anxiety, respectively. The results of the Pierson correlation indicated that spiritual well-being (existential well-being and religious well-being) and attachment to God (God as a haven and positive perception of God) were negatively correlated with Corona disease anxiety in mothers of young children (P<0.05). Based on the results of stepwise regression, spiritual well-being (β=-0.48) and attachment to God (β=-0.17) had a significant negative role in the prediction of Corona disease anxiety.

As evidenced by the results of this study, it is suggested to strengthen the spiritual well-being and attachment to God in the outbreak of COVID-19 and provide psychological strategies based on spirituality and attachment to God to reduce Corona disease anxiety in mothers with young children.

COVID-19 has led to high prevalence of anxiety in population. this disease can cause anxiety in caregiver mothers of children with severe and profound intellectual disabilities. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of emotion regulation training on anxiety symptoms of caregiver mothers of children with severe and profound intellectual disabilities in outbreak of COVID-19.

The research method was quasi-experimental with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this study consisted of all Caregiver mothers of children with severe and profound intellectual disabilities in Razan city (n=88). Beck Anxiety Inventory was used to collect data. In this study, 26 mothers with severe symptoms of anxiety were randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups. The emotion regulation was trained for experimental group in 8 sessions, and the control group did not receive any training during the sessions. Analysis of covariance with repeated measures was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that 72.72% of caregiver mothers of children with severe and profound intellectual disabilities had moderate to severe anxiety and 60.22% had severe anxiety. Results of analysis of covariance with repeated measures showed that the emotion regulation training was effective in reducing anxiety in caregiver mothers of children with severe and profound intellectual disabilities in outbreak of COVID-19 (p <0.05).

According to the results, the emotion regulation training to reduce anxiety of caregiver mothers of children with severe and profound mental disabilities is recommended.

This study the effectiveness of learning-teaching strategies (with an emphasis on ICT) on the educational performance of students in the field of geography of Farhangian University of Guilan. This study was administered based on the quasi-experimental method with pre-test post-test, follow-up and control group design. The study population consisted of all students of geography who studied at the Farhangian University of Guilan in the academic year of 2017-2018. To conduct the research, 20 subjects were selected through a census sampling from the research population and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in 12 sessions of 90 minutes using ICT tools for two lessons (world geography and geotourism with emphasis on Iran); But the control group received their training in the past procedure (the traditional method of reading and speaking). Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. The results showed that ICT-based learning-teaching strategies had a significant effect on the world geography and geotourism in general on the educational performance of students and its effects persist over time (P <0.0001). Therefore, it is recommended that ICT be used as a powerful tool for improving the quality and efficiency of education at universities.

With the increase of the elderly in the current era, mental health specialists have always looked for psychological sources to improve the quality of life of the elderly. So, the present study aimed to analyze the structural relationships between the psychological hardiness and life satisfaction of the elderly with the mediating role of religious commitment.

The design of this research is descriptive of correlational and basic in terms of purpose. In this study, hardiness was considered as an exogenous variable, life satisfaction as an endogenous variable and religious commitment as an intermediate variable. The number of samples was estimated to be 381 people according to the population of the statistical population of elderly retirees in Gilan province and referring to Morgan table, and by single-stage cluster sampling. The research instruments included the Worthington Religious Commitment Inventory-10, the Wood, Wylie, and Sheafor’s Life Satisfaction Index Z, and the Ahwaz Hardiness Inventory. For data analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used with version 22 of SPSS and AMOS software.

Results revealed that hardiness has no significant increasing effect on life satisfaction and religious commitment (P<0/05), whereas satisfaction was significantly increased with an increase in religious commitment (P<0/01). As the effect of the independent variable was not significant on the mediating variable, the mediating role of religious commitment is not confirmed.

Based on these results, it can be said that by strengthening religious commitment, it is possible to increase life satisfaction in order to improve mental well-being in the elderly.

Children with special learning disorders (SLD) have low physical activity and high sedentary behaviors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of Filial Therapy on sedentary behaviors (SB) in children with SLD. The research method was semi-experimental (pre-test, post-test, follow up with Placebo and control group). The statistical population of this study consisted of 116 mothers of SLD children aged 7 to 11 years in Malayer city. Among mothers, 95 mothers (91.90%) rated their child's sedentary behavior above the cut-off point (700 minutes or 12 hours and 7 minutes per week, Fischer et al, 2012). Of these mothers, 42 were randomly assigned to the experimental (12), placebo (12) and control (12) groups. Child weekly screen time scale (watching TV, tablet and so on) was used to assess the SB. Group Filial Therapy in 10 two-hour sessions was performed for the experimental group. The Placebo group received weekly information on SLD and participated in question-answer sessions, and the control group received no training. The analysis of variance with repeated measure and Bonferroni post-hoc test were used for analyzing the data. The results showed that the Filial Therapy had a significant effect on decreasing the SB (during the week and the weekend) compared to Placebo and the control group. But there was no significant difference between scores of the placebo group in post-test and follow-up compared to the control group. According to the results, Filial Therapy is recommended to reduce SB in students, especially students with SLD.

The aim of this research was to compare the death anxiety and hope in early and advanced cancer and normal individuals.

The statistical population included of all cancer patients in Fars province. In a cross-sectional analytical design, three groups of patients with advanced cancer (n=100), patients with treatable cancer (n=100) and normal individuals (n=100) were selected by convenience sampling and responded to Death Anxiety and Hope Scales.

The results revealed no significant main effect of group membership on death anxiety, but this effect observed significant on hope and this means that the hope score in patients with advanced cancer is more than normal individuals and patients with primary cancer and there was no difference between the groups of normal individuals and patients with primary cancer.

The results of this research revealed no significant differences in death anxiety in early and advanced cancer and normal individuals, probably because of religious contexts in Iranian participants, but with intensification of cancer at advanced stage patients’ levels of hopefulness are raised likely as an adaptive coping.

Procrastination is a form of self-regulatory failure that can cause major health problems for people. Research evidence suggests in Procrastinator people have seen lower self-efficacy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of self-efficacy training on self-regulation and the health behaviors of procrastination students.

The present study is a quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design. The number of 36 Procrastinator students with cluster sampling and using the Measure of Academic Procrastination, screening and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups and finally the data of 20 people were analyzed. The two groups at the beginning and the end of the research responded to the Self-Regulation Questionnaire and Health-promoting lifestyle profile. The experimental group received self-efficacy training for eight sessions, one session each week.

The results of the analysis of covariance showed that self-efficacy training had no significant effect on increasing self-regulation (P>0.05). But it was effective in increasing receiving and implementing in the self-regulation process (P<0.05). The results also showed that self-efficacy training affected increasing the health behaviors of procrastinator students. self-efficacy training was effective in increasing health responsibility and stress management (P<0.05).

It seems that by using Self-efficacy training, it is possible to influence the onset of the self-regulation process and implementing plans and also impacted on promoting the health behaviors of Procrastinator students.

Internet addiction as one of the addictive behaviors is associated with negative Intrapersonal and interpersonal outcomes.The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Internet addiction and the Status of the use of virtual social networks in Iranian Adolescents and youths.

The statistical population of this cross-sectional study included all Iranian teenagers and youths in spring of 2018. Iran was divided into 5 clusters (north, south, center, east, west) for sampling, then, a province was randomly selected from each cluster and the research tool was distributed voluntarily among teenagers and youths in the center of that province. The sample number in this study was 1491 people that responded to demographic characteristics and Yang’s Internet addiction questionnaires.

The overall prevalence of severe Internet addiction is 2.4 percent, regarding gender; 2.9 percent for boys, 2.2 percent for girls, and regarding age 2.5 percent for teenagers, and 2.3 percent for young people, but the differences were not significant. In the two groups of girls and boys, there is no difference in terms of the average score of Internet addiction, while there is a difference between the two groups of teenagers and young people, and the average Internet addiction in the youth age group is slightly higher than teenagers. Telegram, Instagram and WhatsApp are also popular social media networks, and communication with friends and news awareness are the most important reasons for using virtual social networks. 

There is a small amount of severe internet addiction among teenagers and youths, but the important point in the present study is the high number of teenagers and youths who are involved in mild or moderate internet addiction.

Imam Khomeini relief committee as a supportive organization, sponsors many clienteles. Many problems and difficulties of life today are inevitable for people in the community, especially those in the community covered by the relief committee, are always struggling with problems because of poverty and other issues. It seems necessary to developing and strengthening the skills and abilities that that in difficult circumstances guarantee the mental health of these individuals and increase their satisfaction and quality of life. Given the chronic poverty and social harms of these people, it is necessary to implement interventions to improve the quality of life and their general health. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of life skills training program on improving the quality of life and general health of families under the auspices of Imam Khomeini relief committee.

To achieve this aim, a quasi–experimental research with pre–test post–test design with control group was used. Among all families covered by Fouman and Shaft cities Imam Khomeini relief committee in the 2015–2016, 32 people chose. They had the lowest score in quality of life and the highest scores in mental health respectively in the questionnaire consisted of 26–World Health Organization quality of life instrument–short form and 28–General Health Questionnaire (GHQ–28). They were selected purposely/ randomly and divided into two groups of 16 people (experimental and control). Ten sessions of life skills group training were performed on experimental group in daily basis for 2 hours. The types of skills taught in these sessions included: problem solving, decision making, creative thinking, critical thinking, emotional regulation, effective communication, effective interpersonal relationships, coping with stress, empathy and self–awareness. After that, general health and quality of life in participants were measured in three stages. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine the research objectives for data processing by SPSS–20 software.

In this study, 9 women (56.2%) and 7 men (43.8%) were included in the experimental group. Also, for the control group, 10 men (62.5%) and 6 women (37.5%) were present. Chi–square test with Yates correction to compare gender distribution between the two groups of experimental and control subjects showed no significant difference in the frequency distribution of gender (χ2=0.719,df=1, p=0.13). Results of independent t–test for comparing the mean age of two groups revealed no significant difference between the two groups (t=0.322, df=30, p=0.841). The result of Chi square test for the education variable indicated that there was no difference between the two groups of experimental and control subjects in terms of educational levels (χ2=0.168,df=2, p=0.186). These findings suggest that the two groups of experimentation and control are equivalent. The findings showed that the experimental and control groups had a significant difference in terms of mental health and quality of life in three stages: pre–test, post–test and follow–up (p<0.001). In the mental health variable, the difference in mean of the experimental group in contrast to control group was significant in the pre–test (–1.34), post–test (–20.14) and follow–up (–19.01) (p<0.001). Therefore, the experimental group mean in these three stages was significantly less than the mean of the control group. In addition, in the quality of life variable, the difference between in mean of experimental group in contrast to control group was significant in the pre–test (–11), post–test (–22) and follow–up (–25.73) (p<0.001). As a result, the mean of the control group in the pre–test was significantly higher than the experimental group and the mean of the experimental group in the post–test and follow–up stages was significantly higher than the mean of the control group. Therefore, according to the research findings, life skills training has a positive and significant effect on improving the quality of life and general health of the clienteles in the Imam Khomeini relief committee (p<0.001).

Based on the basic logic of life skills training, it is assumed that these training (psychological capacity) will enhance in subjects and as a result, improve the general and specific capabilities of individuals to effectively and efficiently challenge with psychosocial stresses and situations of difficult life. Life skills training help clienteles by developing and enhancing these abilities to coping and adaptability skills and it eventually improves the quality of life and mental health. Life skills training can be effective in improving the quality of life and general health of clienteles, and the results of interventions are still valid for two months.

Multifaceted Measure of Academic Procrastination (MMAP) is one of the comprehensive and new tools for evaluating this construct. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the psychometric properties of MMAP in students. This study was a descriptive crosssectional design and validiation study. The research population consisted of all students of University of Guilan in the academic year 2018-2019 that selected During cluster sampling. the first test-retest reliability of the tool (n=44), Then, dimensionality and psychometric properties of the tool were evaluated (n=400), Finally, the explored factors underwent confirmatory factor analysis (n=40). correlation of total scores of MMAP with a 3-week interval showed that the test-retest reliability was 0.85. Exploratory factor revealed that three extracted factors explained 54.94% of the total variance of MMAP. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for subscales of negative outcomes, procrastination behavior, negative emotions and total questionnaire were calculated 0.94, 0.93, 0.87 and 0.95, respectively. The correlation coefficient of the subscales with total score was obtained in a range 0.33 to 0.91 (P<0.01). The MMAP convergent and divergent validity through correlating with the Savari Procrastination Test and the Conscientiousness Subscale of NEO Questionnaire were estimated 0.68 and -0.48, respectively, which indicates that construct validity is desirable. However, the results of the confirmatory factor analysis did not confirm the existence of these structures with certainty (GFI=0.488, CFI=0.593, NFI=0.462, TLI=0.544, RMSEA=0.178). Although the MMAP dimensionality is not associated with certainty, but the factors extracted from it have good correlation with the total score and its reliability and convergent and divergent validity are confirmed. Therefore, the Persian version of MMAP is a valid tool that can be used in educational settings to measure the procrastination problems.

Success in school is one of the most important goals of students which require appropriate social skills and psychological hardiness, so using effective intervention strategies to promote hardiness and social competence in schools seems to be essential for researchers and psychologists. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of positive thinking training on increasing psychological hardiness and social competence in students.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest - posttest - control group. The sample of this study consisted of 40 first grade students who were selected by cluster sampling and were randomly divided into two groups (20 students in each group). The experimental group received eight 90-minute sessions of positive thinking but the control group did not receive this intervention. Data were collected using Ahvaz Psychological Hardiness (Kiamarsi, (1998) questionnaire and Social Competence scale (Felner, 1990). Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used for data analysis

The results showed that the positive thinking training was effective on increasing psychological hardiness and social competence among the students, both in post-test and follow up stages (P<0/05).

Positive thinking helps people to evaluate stressful situations and problems with a positive attitude. Therefore, based on the results of the present study, positive thinking training has been able to develop psychological hardiness and social competence by generating positive mental thoughts and schemas in students.

Marital intimacy is one of the important components of quality of marital life in different periods of age. Cognitive failure and mindfulness as psychological factors may explain marital intimacy among people. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mediating role of cognitive failure in the relationship between mindfulness and marital intimacy among elderly. It was a descriptive correlation study with path analysis method based on partial least squares approach. The statistical population of the study included the elderly in Rasht, Iran. In this research 110 elderly were selected through voluntary sampling method in 2017 and responded to Thompson & walker marital intimacy scale, Walach et al. cognitive failures questionnaire and Broadbent et al. short form of mindfulness inventory. The gathered data were analyzed by Spss-23 and SmartPLS-2 software. Findings showed that mindfulness negatively predicted cognitive failure and positively predicted marital intimacy (P>0.01). Also, mindfulness could indirectly predict marital intimacy with the mediating role of cognitive failure (P>0.01). The findings of this study highlighted the importance of mindfulness and cognitive failure in explaining marital intimacy in elderly. Thus, holding courses to develop mindfulness skills could help to improve cognitive empowerment and quality of married life among elderly.

It is suggested that physical activity has a protective effect against the development of mental illnesses, especially in the elderly.The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of physical activity on the death anxiety and meaning in life in the elderly community of Tehran province. The research design was an analytical type and group comparisons which perfomed in cross-sectional method. In this research, 400 elderly people aged 60 years and older who were recruited to retirement centers and labor houses in Tehran were selected by simple random sampling method and completed Baecke physical activity questionnaire, Templar Death Anxiety Scale, Steiger’s Meaning of Life Questionnaire. Afterwards data were analyzed using SPSS-20 software and descriptive statistics. In addition, by two-stage cluster analysis, the number of optimum clusters was identified and the characteristics of each cluster were evaluated. The results of cluster analysis revealed that there is a direct relationship between search and existence of meaning in life with death anxiety. The cluster with the highest physical activity has the lowest average level of death anxiety. Also, if the level of physical activity is above average, the average death anxiety will decrease to the lowest level. This study highlighted the desired role of physical activity in old age; it was found that high levels of physical activity protect the elderly against death anxiety. The findings of this research can be of interest to public sports policymakers, especially for older people.

Managing anger and increasing adaptation among inmates in prison is paramount importance in socializing prisoners. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Monotheistical Integrated psychotherapy on the level of compatibility and aggression of male residents in prison.

The study method was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest associated with control group). The statistical population of the study consisted of 80 prisoners aged 20-40 years old who were imprisoned in Lahijan City due to violence. The subjects were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (40 each). The experimental group underwent Monotheistical Integrated psychotherapy, while the control group did not receive such intervention. The tools used to collect the research information were Aggression Questionnaire (ZahediFar,1999) and Bell Adjustment Inventory (Bell,1961).

The results of one-way covariance analysis (ANCOVA) showed that Monotheistical Integrated psychotherapy is effective on the scores of dependent variables. In other words, after the intervention in prisoners, post-test scores increased for compatibility (F1,77 = 39.282, P<0.0001), and the Aggression scores decreased (F1,77= 194.608, P<0.0001). The results of this study indicate the importance of the Monotheistical Integrated psychotherapy on the level of compatibility and aggression among prisoners. Therefore, according to these findings we can observe the decrease of negative indicators such as conflict, self-mutilation, aggression and increase of positive indicators such as (relaxation, cooperation, compatibility) with the implementation of this project in prisons and at the wider level.

Labour children are exposed to various risks and resiliency in high-risk situations is very important. This study aimed to predict the resilience of labour children based on coping strategies with stress and attachment styles. In a correlational study, 100 labour children who have referred to Tehran labour children Support organizations, the Department of Social Welfare of District 15, Molavi child labor center, and the Tehran's Great Market were selected using convenient sampling method and responded to coping inventory for stressful situations (Endler and Parker, 1990), revised adult's attachment styles (Collins & Reid,1996), and resilience scale(Connor and Davidson , 2003). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression analysis after eliminating the confounding effect of gender Correlation coefficients demonstrated that there is a significant positive correlation between resilience with secure and ambivalent attachment styles, and problem-oriented and avoidant coping strategies (P<0.01). Resilience levels were not correlated with age, education level, and duration of employment in children (P>0.05). Regression analysis also showed that after eliminating the gender effect, the subscales of attachment will not explain the resiliency and only the problem-oriented coping strategy (β=0.331, P=0.001) predicts 27% of the joint variance of the resilience (F=6.134, P<0.0001). Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the problem-solving coping strategy by focusing on solving the problem helps to create intellectual coherence in the individual and enables the person to identify and control the source of stress which results in prediction and increased resilience of the individual.

the psychological factors and life skills could have important role in attempting suicide of women. The purpose of this study was to identify some of the predictors of suicide in women by comparing two groups of Chemical Suicide female Attempters and control. The research method is causal comparative and the statistical society consisted of women attempting suicide by chemical drugs hospitalized in the Poisoning Emergency Medical and training Center of Razi in Rasht city and control group who had no history of suicide in 2014. In this study, 50 women attempted suicide and 50 who had no history of suicide attempt were selected by Purposeful sampling method and responded to the Neuroticism subscale of 5-factor questionnaire of NEO and Problem-Solving questionnaire. The gathered data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that there exist significant differences between two groups in terms of Neuroticism and problem-solving styles (creative, confidence, tendency, insolvency, control and avoidance) and women attempting suicide by chemical drugs Compared with control group received more scores in Neuroticism and insolvency and low scores in creative, confidence, tendency, control and avoidance (P>0.01). According to the results of this study Courses could be held based on psychological problems and learn problem-solving skills In order to prevent suicide attempts in women at risk of suicide

Nowadays, scientists of different fields pay a special attention to spirituality as a transcendent aspect of every person’s life. Several studies have shown that personality traits and spiritual intelligence are two structures that affect each other. The aim of this study was to predict the spiritual intelligence of senior high school students in Bostanabad based on personality traits. This descriptive study adopted a cross-sectional design. The statistical population of the study consisted of all male senior high school students in Bostanabad in the 1395-96 educational year. 180 students were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. King’s Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory and NEO Personality Inventory were used for collect data. The gathered data were analyzed using descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (correlation coefficient and multiple regressions). All ethical issues were observed in this study and the researchers declared no conflict of interests. The results of Pearson correlation coefficients showed that there were significant correlations between spiritual intelligence and the four factors of extroversion, openness to experience, pleasure and conscientiousness. On the other hand, neuroticism had a negative significant correlation with spiritual intelligence (p<0.001). Also, the results of regression analysis showed that conscientiousness, openness to experience, and pleasure could significantly predict students’ spiritual intelligence (P<0.01). The results of the research show a close relationship between personality and spiritual intelligence. Accordingly, education officials, psychologists and counselors can use these results to enhance students’ personality and their spiritual excellence.

Countries educational systems (including education and higher education) as the two important institutions in country play the role of, fostering skilled and expert people. Regarding researchers disagree about student selection methods at universities and importance of higher education in community, this research has been conducted to address the research gaps. This research goal was two compare the role of diploma average and entrance exam rank in predicting the students’ academic progress at university of guilan and people in the study were 3035 students (1858 girls and 1194 boys) which had entered to this university. Research data were extracted through examining the students’ background and were analyzed by Software Spss. Achieved results from hierarchical regression analysis showed that diploma average and entrance exam rank are significant predictors of academic progress at university. This research results were achieved by regarding the faculties of education place indicating different effective patterns of diploma average and entrance rank on students academic progress. The implications of this research have been examined by authorities and policymakers of national tests for accepting student.