فهرست مطالب سیدعلیرضا مرندی

In recent decades, special attention has been paid to health culture research. However, the breadth of the subject and the variety of definitions made this article explain the concept of Iranian-Islamic health culture and introduce its components.

In mixed method review of national and international articles was done. By reviewing articles related to health culture, various definitions and topics were extracted. During 10 group discussion sessions with experts (scientific committee), the results of the review were discussed and opinions were shared. Upon analyzing the content of negotiations, going back and forth twice, the results were approved and finalized. The members of the scientific committee were tasked with rating the main topics on a scale from 1 to 10. Main topics were then sorted according to their highest scores. The main topics in order of priority are: “health culture requirements in education and training”, “promotion of health culture”, “healthy lifestyle with Islamic and Iranian model”, “principles, foundations, and values”, “strategic policy making in health culture”, “health system and health culture”, “patterns and role models in health”, “empiricism in culture and health culture building”,” health culture anomalies”, “research in culture and health culture building”.

A comprehensive definition of Iranian Islamic health culture was developed, and the components were classified into 10 main topics and 67 specific topics.

A precise definition of Iranian-Islamic health culture is essential for establishing a shared understanding of the topic. Furthermore, introducing the diverse aspects of health culture helps highlight its significance and generate discussions across various academic and non-academic levels.

Spiritual health is one of the dimensions of health. Islamic spiritual health is institutionalized in the society through the health care network system and education and provision of health care and services.This documentary emphasizes 10 ways to familiarize the health system with Islamic spiritual health and its impact on other aspects of health, the institutionalization of Islamic spiritual health in society, and the use of the capacity of educational environments and the provision of health care for the growth and promotion of spirituality and Islamic ethics in society.

His Excellency, Antonio Guterres,
During the past forty days, the countries of the world have witnessed the great crime of the Zionist apartheid regime, which may be unprecedented in history. The unique nature of this catastrophe is that defenseless children, women and men are completely surrounded in their own land and in a very small area and are bombarded with all kinds of bombs and weapons of mass destruction in front of the eyes of billions of people across the world. Residential buildings, hospitals, schools, and refugee camps in this small piece of land have been destroyed by bombs equivalent to more than several atomic bombs that the criminal American regime used against Japanese citizens in Hiroshima. So far, the bombings has left more than 12,000 dead, more than 5,000 of whom were children and more than 3,000 were defenseless women, and more than 30,000 people who are besieged in their land have been severely injured. All these have taken place as access to water, electricity, food, and medicine has been cut off by the criminal Zionist regime for these oppressed people. Doctors and medical staff do not have any safe places left to treat the injured either.
Your Excellency,
These unique historical crimes are all happening as you are the representative of the countries of the world as the head of the United Nations, and it is unfortunate that you have not taken any effective measures to prevent these crimes. These dark days will be recorded in history. The least you can do is to stand among the oppressed and helpless people of Gaza and on behalf of the international community order international aid to be sent to Gaza. Doctors across the world, with the support of UN forces, are ready to go by land, sea, and air to Gaza and treat these oppressed people. 
Your Excellency,
At this critical historical moment, every fearless and effective action you take to prevent the crimes of the Zionist apartheid regime will be recorded in the minds of the people of the world and in history. Another course of action is for you to resign as the Secretary General, so that at least you will not be complicit in the continuation of these crimes.


Yours sincerely,
Seyed Alireza Marandi, M.D.
President Academy of Medical Sciences
Islamic Republic of Iran
16 Nov.2023

11 Oct. 2023
Professor Richard Horton,
Editor-in-Chief of the Lancet Medical Journal

Palestine-never forget
Following the publication of your article on September 16, 2023 in the Lancet entitled "Mahsa Amini - never forget," which contained completely false information about the death of a citizen of this country as well as health care personnel, doctors and specialists of our country have written a response. I sent it to you on the 18th of September for publication, but you did not respond. Now that I am writing a second letter for the scientific medical journal Lancet, the world is witnessing the unprecedented crime of the racist settler apartheid regime against the defenseless people of Palestine. I am writing this for you, which, unlike your undocumented article, is based on numerous documents and is completely verifiable. My evidence consists of hundreds of videos and written observations of thousands of people who have documented the crimes of this colonial regime against the Palestinian people over the years. In this article, I list some of the crimes of the Zionist regime that have been carefully recorded in history. I do this because you have ignored everything that has happened over past decades, and not a single word has been written about these crimes against humanity in your magazine. However, there is no doubt that the scientists and people of Iran and the world will not forget these crimes.
I will review some of the crimes of the regime based on last year's statistics:
1300 Palestinian villages destroyed since 1948.
800,000 people out of a population of 2.5 million displaced from Palestinian villages.
70 mass killings since the occupation (Sabra and Shatila, etc.).
More than 15,000 Palestinian martyrs since the occupation.
6.7 million Palestinian refugees across the world.
28.7 percent of Palestinian refugees live in 58 camps. 10 camps in Jordan, 9 camps in Syria, 12 camps in Lebanon, 19 camps in the West Bank, and 8 camps in the Gaza Strip.
2 thousand martyrs and 10 thousand wounded just in the 51-day war.

As this article is being written, Gaza is under the complete siege of the apartheid regime, and children, women, and defenseless people are continuously and blindly being bombed. Thousands of children, women, and men have been killed or injured. The regime has also cut off water and electricity, and the entry of any kind of aid, including food, medicine, and medical equipment, into Gaza is prohibited. I hope Lancet medical magazine, by including my letter as the president of the Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, will record this unique tragedy and crime of the century, which continues amidst the silence of the western scientific and medical community. If you choose not publish, be sure that your indifference will be recorded in history.
                                                                                                   Yours sincerely,
                                                                                          Seyed Alireza Marandi, M.D.
                                                                                  President Academy of Medical Sciences

His Excellency, Antonio Guterres,
Excellency,
As you know, in a criminal and unprecedented act, the colonial apartheid regime has ordered the complete siege of Gaza. It has cut off all water and electricity supplies as well as the entry of food and medicine into Gaza. Meanwhile, under these extreme circumstances, defenseless Palestinian women and children have been massacred through the relentless carpet bombing of residential buildings. This criminal behavior is taking place amidst the silence of Western controlled human rights organizations, especially those affiliated to the United Nations.
Your Excellency, Your responsibility as the Secretary General of the United Nations makes you legally and morally responsible to provide a safe path for the transfer of medical assistance and the treatment of a defenseless and oppressed Palestinian population. It is obvious that your response to these barbaric crimes of the Israeli regime will be recorded in history.

                                                                                                                                                         Yours sincerely,
                                                                                                                                                          Seyed Alireza Marandi, M.D.
                                                                                                                      President Academy of Medical Sciences Islamic Republic of Iran
                                                                                                                                                                     10 Oct. 2023

The Covid-19 pandemichas caused widespread worldwidehuman catastrophe over the past two years. Thus, the global management of Corona disease is of great importance due to its high prevalence and mortality rate as well as the numerous challenges caused by this illness. For this reason, it is of high importance to study the various aspects of this epidemic in order to provide practical solutions and suggestions for better management of similar biological events.

This article has been performedby reviewing international sources and guidelines and summarizing the materials presented in expert meetings.

The study addresses challenges related to reopening of school and universities, empowering people, Covid-19 monitoring process and benefit from support groups, social components of global health, intelligent quarantines and rapid screening and management defects of healthcare system during COVID-19 (Corona Disease) Pandemic Strategies related to challenges in each area are also provided.

The time interval between the possible future waves of Covid-19 provides a good opportunity for health systems at the national (our dear country, Iran) and global levels to make necessary preparations, strengthening, and reforming structure. According to the findings of this study, it is recommended that while continuously evaluating the risk of biological events, the surveillance system and early warning network must be intensified and a comprehensive plan must be compiled in order to respond to biological events. Also, by training healthcare staffs and practicing the above-mentioned program, the essential steps must be taken continuously.

As approved by the World Health Organization, spiritual health is one of the four dimensions of health (physical, mental, social, and spiritual). Many countries have noticed this health dimension and have introduced it in the fields of education, research, and healthcare services. However, this important dimension of health in our country has not been given serious and detailed attention so far. This is despite the fact that the dimension of spirituality, from the perspective of Islam, is the deepest dimension of human existence and can have the greatest and most profound effects on other dimensions of human existence. Based on this concern, it has been more than ten years since the Academy of Medical Sciences of the Islamic Republic of Iran established the "Islamic Spiritual Health Group" and has made prominent thinkers from the university and the seminary a member of the group, and it has done important and effective activities including conducting research and authoring books, writing scientific articles and textbooks, publishing journals, holding conferences, seminars and scientific workshops, scientific collaborations with other institutions, etc. This article aims to briefly explain Islamic spiritual health, introduce the activities of the Islamic Spiritual Health Group of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and most importantly, transfer the experiences of more than a decade of managing this field to the institutions, thinkers and those concerned in the field of spiritual health.

Professor Richard Horton Editor-in-Chief of the Lancet Medical Journal With regard to the report of the Lancet magazine titled "Iranian medics at the forefront of protests", we are very sorry for the inclusion of completely false information about the Islamic Republic of Iran in general and the health services and physicians, particularly in one of the world's leading scientific journals. The most unfortunate issue is that all the completely false information have been quoted from sources who have records of enmity and espionage in our country. If the material mentioned in the that article was supposed to be based on objective facts and scientific methodology, at least there would have been quotes from other sources that are not hostile to our people and nation. The Academy of Medical Sciences of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which consists of scientists in various fields of health, considers the content of the that article to be an insult to the community of health workers in general, and physicians in particular, who provided astounding services to the people during the war imposed by Saddam and his western backers against Iran, and also under the conditions of cruel US and western sanctions, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. We request the journal to correct the misleading content as soon as possible.

Solving problems and meeting the health needs of the community is the ultimate goal of student admission to the higher health education system. To achieve science , technology, care and health services development and to have a strong, efficient and accountable health system, fundamental changes are needed in the student admission system.The aim of study is mproving the student selection system for training health human resources, in accordance with Islamic values, medical ethics and professional etiquette and its application in health policy and higher health education planning.

In this study, library and field methods and consensus of experts of the Academy of Medical Sciences have been used.

The student selection system should be based on the following evolutions: "Islamic Thoughts and Values, with Emphasis on Educational Justice and Justice in Health, Social Factors of Health, Medical Ethics and Islamic Health Professional Manners"; " health needs of society";" Recognition of talents, observance of interests, guidance of motivations and considering the physical, mental, social and spiritual abilities of the candidates, appropriate to the fields of study; And improving the competition between volunteers ";"Rationalizing social demand to enter high-demand disciplines"; "Strategic change in the important factors influencing the theory of talent and interest, quotas, gender, localization, entry points and the like"

The selected student for education in the system of higher health education must seek knowledge; Religious; Be competent and committed to the health needs of society and value-creating capacities; Dynamics; Cheerfulness; Transformation; And creativity and innovation; Professors and the university system should also be concerned with the training of scientist graduates; Believer; Wise; Thoughtful; Jihadist and practitioner with divine and human motives; Taken from the school of Islam and the Islamic Revolution; To serve in order to ensure, maintain and promote the health of the people .

The embryonic and early childhood period are the most important stages in growth and development of the brain and personality formation and breeding of human abilities and talents and the best time to promote cultural, religious, and spiritual health issues. The family and parents are the main responsible for ensuring, maintaining and promoting the overall health of the child, but various socio-economic and cultural factors as well as the health system have also a major role to play.

It is a review and library study by using national and international documents. Also discussion of the workshop of spiritual health group has been used for coming to the conclusion.

Factors such as "nutrition and health of mother and family", "education and family health literacy:", "religious beliefs and family motivation", "place of residence", "social status", "health status and environment" and other social factors affecting health, individually and as a result of their interaction, has a significant impact on the growth and development of children. The important role of the health system in policy-making and the integration of the development plan of early childhood period in the primary health care network of the country and prioritizing the important dimension of spiritual health are emphasized.

The most suitable times for starting education of cultural, spiritual and religious issues is the embryonic and early childhood period, which is followed by adolescence and youth and even after that. The promotion of spiritual health in this period should be based on the religion of Islam, using a rich culture and valuable national experiences, taking advantage of the extraordinary capacity of the childchr('39')s brain and the early childhood development and optimal parenting education.

According to General health policies, promotion of teachers to higher degrees or rankings in health educationin Iran must also be in accordance with Islamic values, medical ethics and professional etiquette. The purpose of this study was to identify, promote and institutionalize the effective components of the higher health education system. The focus of this study was analysis of policies and strategies for promotionof teachers.Although the recruitment  of faculty and selection process are based on national guidelines  itneeds to be improved. This study examines the selection of the most deserving based on Islamic, cultural and medical ethics criteria and competent membersfor promotion of the faculty to higher health educational ranks .

This  descriptive and analytical study used upstream documents, especially general health policies, focus group discussion and combining of the results with a selection of library references.

The competencies of the professors were identified in three major groups and 14 subgroups. Necessary macro competencies included "commitment", "expertise" and "social responsibility", which must be achieved in higher education in the stages of recruitment and employment of the scientific faculty; 14 subgroups included general competencies.  Values (Islamic and humanitarian); Scientific (education,- research and technology); Vocational (community health promotion and disease prevention- functional - skills training); Social (familiarity and experience in the field of social determinants of health, social health, public health education, appropriate social behavior); Communication; Management and leadership; Behavioral; Counseling (to peers-and-students,-policy makers and planners and the community); Transnational and international; creativity and innovation; to inspire and be a role model; motivation and self-regulation; and exceptional and elite capabilities were considered.

In the higher education system, thecompetencies of the teacher is the center of values; the guideline for change and the decisive factor for the realization of the goals and ideals of education must be consideded in addition to scierntiffic level.

Effect of social determinants on health is the base of inequity in health of society. These factors have a main role in the spread of infectious and non-communicable diseases in community. Biological and genetic factors affect only 15%, health system about 25% and social determinants in 50% and in a number of studies, 75% affect peoplechr('39')s health. In this article, the impact of social determinants on health is discussed.

This research is a review study using national and international references and also the views and experiences of the author.

Social determinants include economic, cultural, environmental, social and political factors. Peoplechr('39')s health is more related to social factors than to medical care. Social determinants have various effects on the health of different communities and as a result, health indicators vary between countries and even within country. Several strategies are proposed to control the factors affecting health: controlling lethal diseases and improving the health system, reducing poverty, improving conditions of people live and work, prioritizing expenditure on health rather than medical technology, necessity for planning and supervising on private section .

It is necessary to perform two activity to ensure equity in health. Development of the health network of the country, and assessing the social determinants of health as much as possible which have a share of at least fifty percent in promoting the health of community and individuals. Implementing these two very valuable actions that lead to the establishment of equity in health requires national decision, peoplechr('39')s participation and trans-sectoral cooperation.

The principles and goals of Islamic medical ethics set the criteria for professional behavior in all situations especially in accidents and disasters. In this study, the altruistic manifestations of moral behavior in performing professional duties for victims of accidents and disasters were reviewed as well as during the COVID-19 epidemiological crisis.

This study was performed by using expert medical ethics opinions which were obtained through focus group discussion methods and reviewing national and international references.

Objectives, principles, foundations, values, norms and indicators of Islamic medical ethics in crises and disasters, favorable approach in patient care, ethical manifestations, and also professional challenges and shortcomings in crises and disasters were reviewed. Modeling of Islamic medical ethics and Islamic ethical and spiritual patterns in crises and disasters with lessons learnt from the COVID-19 pandemic were presented in this study.

The first and most important issue in unforeseen events and disasters is to prevent life-threatening and human losses. Preserving lives of victims, protecting human rights and dignity, and observing all of standards of medical ethics and Islamic professional etiquette that are necessary in all circumstances are important in disasters.

Spiritual health and Semantics have a history as old as humanity. These concepts have been explained  in Islamic teachings by religious scholars in terms of the "perfect human" with a "confident soul" and a "pure heart". This article reviews the strategies for promoting and implementing Islamic spiritual health in the society.

This article was selected from a panel at the 6th Islamic Spiritual Health Conference and completed by using library studies.

The results showed that in order to promote Islamic spiritual health it is essential to "Explain concepts and examples", "plan educational programs for higher education", "integrate public policies in the health care system", "improve health care centers", "improve  knowledge, ", "assess and address the health system", "evaluate realities, threats, needs and priorities via monitoring,’and  evaluating the trend in improvement of spiritual health in the community and  the health system".

Improvement in spiritual health of the community is based on Islamic teachings .models and efforts of health policymakers and academia. Educational systems (public education, higher education, religious education, etc), health policymakers, religious leaders and responsible organizations for health and culture, have to develop a comprehensive program for education, promotion and generalization of spiritual health in all aspects of the health care system.

After the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1979, two main changes were made in the health system namely the establishment of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and the formation of the Health Network of Iran. The Ministry of Health and Medical Education is responsible for policymaking, planning, leadership, stewardship, monitoring and evaluation of health services and also training and educating the healthcare workforce in a community-based health system, which comprises the country's healthcare structure.

Library documents were reviewed and information and relevant data were collected.

From 1979 to 2015, the number of medical, dental and pharmacy schools in Iran increased from 7 to 72, 3 to 19 and 3 to 21, respectively; the number of admissions to medical school increased from 1357 to 44040 during the aforementioned time period. Training courses , PhD and clinical sub-specialties were established after the revolution. Nowadays, admission to these disciplines  are 268 and 350 students, respectively. This quantitative increase has been accompanied by a significant improvement in the educational quality of clinical services rendered and increased research.

Integration of medical education into the health system in Iran has proved to be an appropriate and economical strategy for promotion of healthcare and is considered a turning point in improving medical education in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Respect for ethics and spirituality, inspired by the ideals of the Islamic revolution and the teachings of the late Imam Khomeini are still highly regarded now 40 years onward, Medical ethics and spirituality in health has been acknowledged to be growing and improving rapidly now 40 years after the Islamic revolution. Healthcare workers in addition to following beliefs and fundamentals of the ethical and spiritual determinants of health, are strict in their beliefs. Developments in the field of ethics and spirituality during the four decades after the revolution, have been reviewed and are presented herein.

A literature review study approach was undertaken and historical documentation was assessed and the data were collected and assessed.

All valid aspects of ethics and spirituality, including theoretical fundamentals, practical aspects of professionalism, human resource, morality, cultural and social considerations, have all been shown to have improved in the Islamic Iranian society.

Medical education has deeply impact on all aspects of the community health, due to its potential fields and specialized abilities. Some of the momentous responsibilities of this important educational system are as below:Providing and promoting human capital health, accountable responsiveness to social needs, identifying, rooting and solving problems and obstacles of the health care system, promoting of community health culture, health promotion with the research strategy, production of science and technology required by the field etc. Participation in the progress of the science and technology system, with "the Islamic-Iranian model of progress", is considered a main responsibility of this educational system. This study was conducted on the basis of the first and 13th paragraphs as well as other related concepts, from "the Mega-policy of Health Document", issued by great leader of the I. R. of Iran. In the analytical report 1, while presenting the main study framework, the concepts of "reform" and "progress" in the medical education system of the country are presented. Accordingly, main components of progress in the field of health and medical education (quantitative, qualitative, scientific, cultural, research, technology-managerial and spiritual)" are the direct subjects of this report. Other important aspedts are "Purposeful development", "effectiveness",  "Health-orientation", "Social Accountability", "Justice", and :Needs-oriented development". In systematic attitude towards the health, in the General Health Policy horizon, several Processes (quantitative-qualitative-scientific-cultural-research-technological-managerial and spiritual) have a reciprocal and logical relationship.

Over three decades of research on social determinants of health suggest unequivocal impact of factors like childhood development, education, employment, housing, entertainment,public transportation, agriculture and social support, on people’s health. In the aftermath of the Islamic Revolution, there has been eye-catching progress in the areas of maternal and child health. The key role of the Islamic Consultative Assembly in examining and approving five years development plans of the Islamic Republic is irrefutable. The implementation of national development plans has often contained core determinants of health, in particular in the areas of employment, housing, social support, health services,environment and food security. The support rendered by the Islamic Consultative Assembly to promoting health in the past three decades, spurs further hope for greater strides in terms of health indicators of the country, in accordance with the following

The historical intertwinement of the spirituality and health is observed in the works of many medical figures of Iran, particularly Muslim figures. The emphasis on that the biological aspect of man should not be merely noticed in the healthcare, but also the mental, social and spiritual aspects of his health should be also considered, has increased. The complete meaning of the spiritual health is not limited to the effect of the praying and mental states on the treatment of diseases and its replacement for common medical treatments and/or supplementary medicine. In the Iranian-Islamic culture and atmosphere, the most effective factor on the people's health is to attain the spiritual health the thought and literature of which has been shaped and compiled based on Quran by dozens of theosophists and penmen and is considered as a source for the description of the spiritual health and supply of ways to attain it. The presentation of a comprehensive definition of the spiritual health and its indices and explaining its relation with the bases, institutes and internal elements of the society based on the culture, beliefs and sovereign values over the Iranian- Islamic society face an essential issue that requires the performance of more research.

Since lack of strategies and activities based on situation analysis for promotion of health and development in Iranian children has always been an important and serious challenge in this field of work, the main objective of the study, on the basis of which the present manuscript was written was to develop a comprehensive strategic analysis (SWOT analysis) of the present situation in Iran in terms of early childhood development, leading to strategies and activities based on its results, derived from maximal professional consensus among experts and heads of related governmental and non-governmental organizations. This was part of a larger qualitative study which was carried out in five stages, during which the first pre-draft, second pre-draft, first, second and third (final) drafts of a comprehensive plan for promotion of development in Iranian children were developed respectively. One important section of the plan consisted of the situational analysis and another, included recommended strategies based on the situation analysis. The study population was the population of experts and executive managers of governmental and nongovernmental organizations dealing with child health, care and development in the country and the Delphi procedure as well as focus group discussions were the main methods for gathering information. According to qualitative study protocols, we tried to choose the best and most knowledgeable people, meeting the inclusion criteria, as the sample for this study. By carrying out a SWOT analysis, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in this field of work in the country have been identified and confirmed by experts and executive managers cooperating in this study, after which in order to overcome the present challenges 2 goals, 5 objectives, 19 strategies, and several number of activities have been suggested. The authors recommend that the four main ministries dealing with child health, care and development in Iran, that is the ministries of Health, Welfare, Education, and Higher Education and Science, on behalf of their mission and legal responsibilities, give serious attention to the results of the present situation analysis which has been established and approved by a significant group of experts or managers somehow related to childhood issues in the country, and consequently take effective steps for implementing their strategic recommendations, at the national level.