سیده صدیقه یوسفی

Black mulberry is considered one of the most valuable fruits in complementary medicine, with its fruit, leaves, bark, and roots offering significant benefits in the food industry, cosmetics, and especially in the treatment of various diseases. In traditional medicine, black mulberry and its products have been used to treat pharyngitis, enlarged tonsils, sore throat, oral rashes, and swelling of the tongue. The purpose of this study is to review the therapeutic effects of black mulberry in both complementary medicine and modern research. This study is a review. In this review, traditional Iranian medical texts such as Makhzan Al-Aavieh, Qanun fi Tab, Alshamel, Zakhire Kharazmashahi, Riyaz Al-Adavieh, and pharmacopoeias like Qarabadin Kabir and Qarabadin Halali, along with other traditional medicine books like Summary of Al-Hakamh, Tab Akbari, and Elixir Azam, were examined regarding the habitat, appearance, actions, and therapeutic properties of black mulberry in traditional medicine. Important and effective formulations containing black mulberry were extracted from these pharmacopoeias. To explore recent studies related to the therapeutic effects of black mulberry, relevant articles were searched using Persian and English keywords in domestic and international databases from 2000 to October 2023. Keywords such as "black mulberry," "Morus nigra," "Shahtoot," "Toot siah," "traditional medicine," and "complementary medicine" were used to search databases like SID, Magiran, Irandoc, PubMed, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, and Google Scholar, and both Persian and English articles were reviewed. According to traditional Iranian medicine texts, black mulberry is used to treat mouth ulcers, rashes, plague, and swelling and inflammation of the pharynx, larynx, and tongue. It is also used to strengthen joints, lower blood pressure, treat fever, protect against liver damage, and aid urination. Furthermore, black mulberry paste is recommended for improving nocturnal snoring and dyspnea in children. In Chinese medicine, black mulberry and its various parts have been used to improve symptoms of type 2 diabetes, obesity, lipid disorders, and antimicrobial conditions. Black mulberry is a rich source of polyphenols, including anthocyanins. It has been shown to have one of the highest antioxidant capacities among fruits. In patients with type 2 diabetes, black mulberry products have been found to reduce symptoms such as frequent urination and polyphagia, as well as alleviate neurological complications. Other benefits include increasing HDL levels, reducing LDL, lowering hemoglobin A1C, and decreasing triglycerides. The findings suggest a strong concordance between traditional medicine sources and modern scientific research. Therefore, by examining historical texts and incorporating new scientific discoveries, medicinal products from black mulberry could be developed for the treatment of various diseases.

 Uterus is an important body organ in women responsible for purifying blood and carrying fetus. In Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM), identifying the uterine temperament (mizaj) is necessary for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this organ’s diseases. Many gynecological disorders in TIM including infertility, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, hypermenorrhea, vaginitis, cervicitis, urinary incontinence and pelvic pain are related to uterine distemperament (Su-e mizaj). Therefore, their appropriate treatment depends on the correct diagnosis and treatment of uterine distemperament. Criteria for uterine distemperament in TIM resources are qualitative with no method for precise measurement of its symptoms. This study aims to develop a standard diagnostic protocol of uterine temperament and distemperament for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

 This is a qualitative study using hybrid concept analysis including three phases: theoretical, fieldwork, and final analytical. In the theoretical phase, TIM resources were reviewed. In the fieldwork phase, experts in TIM and patients were interviewed to extract concepts related to uterine temperaments and distemperaments.

 In the final analytical phase, major and minor criteria for determination of uterine temperament were presented. Then, we had a several meetings with a panel of experts in TIM in order to design the protocol which led to the development of a standard diagnostic protocol of warm and cold uterine temperament/distemperament.

 The proposed protocol is an important step towards harmonizing the methods of diagnosis and treatment in TIM, and can be used for treatment or research purposes.

Sometimes, some symptoms do not respond to usual treatments, or are not justified by classical medicine. In such cases, Persian Medicine can be helpful to better understand and treat the diseases. Endogenous gases (wind or Rih) are among the causes that should be investigated. The purpose of this study was to introduce endogenous gases and etiology of their production in the body as one of the pathological causes of diseases (alongside compound dystempraments) in Persian medicine.

A qualitative study (summative content analysis) based on authentic Persian Medicine books was carried out using library and electronic resources.

The concept of wind is also found in traditional Chinese and Tibetan medicine, but in Persian medicine it is a gas-like substance produced in the body and its useful form facilitates physiologic processes such as defecation, erection, etc. The harmful type of wind is one of the main causes of up to 90 diseases, including certain kinds of headaches, dizziness, epilepsy, dyspnea, and pain in joints, kidneys, and bladder, etc. In this study, the definition, causes, types, symptoms, and signs of wind were explained.

According to Persian medicine and the concept of gasotransmitter in modern medicine, many diseases are caused by wind or gas. Therefore, all physicians should consider their role in diseases and use appropriate treatments.

Neonatal jaundice is as a disease caused by the abnormality of bilirubin metabolism that tendency of people to traditional medicine is very high for the treatment.

The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic strategies, especially herbal treatments, in the neonatal jaundice, for mother and infant, based on verbally traditional medicine recommended by medicinal herbalists in Mazandaran province.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on all medicinal herbalists in Mazandaran province in 1394 and a snowball questionnaire was used for sampling. Data on demographic characteristics and treat neonatal jaundice using natural products were collected by direct method and the results were analyzed.

In this study, 12 medicinal plants for the baby and 49 herbal preparations for the mother were recommended. Moreover, based on recommendation of eighty-nine (98.9%) of the medicinal herbalists, Cotoneaster discolor (shir-e-khesht) was first choice of herbal medicine for prescribing to mother and baby.

As based on this study, the medicinal plants such as: Cotoneaster discolor, Descurainia sophia, Cichorium intybus, and Alhagi maurorum are used for neonatal jaundice as the main herbal remedies in Mazandaran province. However, this study is the first step in identifying and developing new drugs to treat neonatal jaundice, and requires additional pharmacological studies, pharmacology, toxicology, animal studies, and in particular different clinical phases to assess the exact effects of these drugs.

Increased Gastric residual volume (GRV) is one of the common problems in ICU.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cumin extract on gastric residual volume in patients with traumatic episodes hospitalized in ICU.

This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients traumatic hospitalized in ICU. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: cumin (n = 30) and distilled water (n = 30). In the intervention group, 6 grams of cumin extract in 3 divided doses were given 50 drops in 30 cc of urban water at 3 times every 8 hours after. The remaining volume was recorded for up to 4 consecutive days and the data were compared in two groups. (IRCT: 201610297494N24).

Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the mean GRV in the cumin group and placebo group (P = 0.63). Comparing the two groups of placebo and placebo, there was no significant difference in the amount of residual stomach in hospitalized patients with ICU on the first day (P = 0.13), but on the second, third and fourth days, this difference was significant between the two groups (p = 0.001).Comparing the two groups of intervention and placebo, the average volume of residual stomach before and during 4 consecutive days after intervention was significant (P = 0.001).

The results of this study showed that cumin extract was effective in decreasing residual stomach volume in hospitalized patients with ICU in comparison with placebo.

Background and Dry mouth is a common disorder that often occurs due to reduction of the amount of saliva or change in the saliva quality. Dry mouth is not a disease itself, but it is usually a complication of other diseases, medications, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Conventional medical treatments for dry mouth are not highly effective. But, complementary medicine could potentially suggest some treatments or prevention methods for dry mouth.
In this study, Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) books and the "comprehensive library of Islamic and traditional medicine" software were used. Also, electronic databases including, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for relevant articles.
A wide range of diseases were found to be responsible for dry mouth, including mental, respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal diseases, food poisoning, and fever. Therefore, dry mouth is not only the results of salivary dysfunction but also it can be associated with dysfunction in other organs.
Due to different views of ITM on health and diseases, search in the ITM sources can be useful in finding new methods for treatment of dry mouth. The principles of ITM can be used alongside conventional medicine as a complementary therapy.

The human body undergoes many changes during pregnancy, such as constipation that is the second common digestive complaint among pregnant women. Since constipation create many complications in the mother and fetus, also a lot of medication during pregnancy is contraindicated, therefore the adjustment of diet and lifestyle to deal with this problem is essential. Iranian Traditional Medicine has a comprehensive approach to pregnancy. So we can set up a program for pregnant women to prevent constipation and its treatment by traditional medicine resources. Using these experiences with achievements of modern medicine is useful.
In this review study, important traditional reference books and new articles were searched and the findings of modern medicine scientists and physicians were compared briefly with traditional medicine findings.
First, the concept of constipation and its cause or aggravating factors was assessed and then specifically constipation during pregnancy and its treatment was examined.
Discussion & According to the Iranian traditional physicians’ attention in prenatal care and attention to sanitation as a principle of health, nowadays we can use traditional medicine specialists’ finding in reproductive health and research and establish researches base on their speeches and experiences.

Background and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by infection with Leishmania parasites. Standard treatment of CL includes pentavalent antimonials that are currently used in severe cases due to prolonged systemic therapy, high toxicity, complications, low efficacy, and resistance against the drug. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new drugs or combination therapy for treatment of CL. The aim of this study was to review CL and its treatments in Persian medicine.
In this review study, relevant information was collected using 15 text books of Persian medicine. Balkh sore, Balkhieh, and Baghdad sore were used as search keywords. Note-taking was done and data was classified, compared, and finally a conclusion was drawn.
Epidemiology, etiology, clinical findings, and treatment of CL from viewpoints of Persian medicine were extracted.
Traditional Persian medicine and its efficient treatment methods should be further assessed in clinical trials. By this, new treatments with lower complications and costs could be proposed alongside current treatments for CL.

Background and Miscarriage is one of the issues of concern in gynecology. The incidence of this problem is about 15-20%. Increased age of pregnancy and increased age of marriage are two point of the raised incidence of it. So the complications of abortion are more than normal delivery. These complications are physical and psychological that the couple has to endure... This article is based on review of all the reliable and available sources of Iranian Traditional Medicine such as Canon of Medicine, Zakhireh Kharazmshahi We discussed the views of the Hokama about causes of miscarriage, types of abortion, symptoms and management of this problem in this article. Also we point to all the structural and functional problems in the couple, environmental factors and general or organic distemperament. It is expected that these information lead to manage the causes of abortion better than now.

Yusuf Ibn Mohammad Ibn Yusuf Heravi، commonly known as “Hakim Yosefi” and “Molana Ibn Yusuf”، son of Mohammad Yosefi، was a 10th century AH physician. It seems he was a native from KHAf، KHORASAN which studied in MĀ VARĀ AL-NAHR and leaved in HARAT. Since of he fear of SORKH KOLAHAN، He moved to India with his father. His works are important from that he poetry to facilitate medicine subjects. Some of his works are: - Alaj Al-Amraz system - Jame Al-Favayed or Yosefi’s Teb - Hefz Al-Seheh - Dalayel Al-Bol - DAlayel Al-Nabz - Riaz Al-Advie and….