فهرست مطالب سیف الله آقاجانی

The problem of mental health in children and adolescents is one of the concerns of modern societies and is of interest to many researchers. Many different factors play a role in its formation and manifestation, one of them is the occupational issues of the parents. Job burnout and job insecurity are two examples of employment issues that have psychological and physical consequences for difficult jobs, including nursing, which can negatively affect aspects of their lives, including their children’s mental health. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the role of nurses' job burnout and job insecurity in predicting the emotional-behavioral problems of their children.

The present study was descriptive and correlational. A total of 200 nurses working in hospitals of Sari in 2022 and 2023 with 4 to 12-year-old children were studied using convenience sampling method. The data collection tools were Maslach's job burnout questionnaire (1981), Nisi et al.'s job security questionnaire (1379), and Goodman's strengths and difficulties questionnaire (1997). The obtained data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis using the SPSS-22 software.

Pearson correlation results showed that nurses’ job burnout (r=0.354) and job insecurity (r=0.412) were positively related to their children's emotional and behavioral problems (p<0.05). Based on the results of stepwise multivariate regression analysis, lack of personal accomplishment =β) 0.37) and emotional exhaustion =β) 0.31) as the components of job burnout; and lack of job satisfaction=β) 0.28) and not having a suitable job =β) 0.21) as the components of job insecurity were instrumental in predicting emotional and behavioral problems in nurses' children.

According to the results, ensuring job security and adjusting job burden for nurses can be an effective measure to reduce work-related problems for nurses and improve the mental health of their children. It is also proposed to improve the mental health of nurses and their families through the provision of psychological services and life skills training

Attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Brain Stimulation (tDCS) and computer-based cognitive rehabilitation on improving cognitive emotion regulation in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.

The current research design was experiment with pre-test-post-test and control group. The statistical population included children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in Ardabil city who referred to the psychiatric center of Fatemi Hospital in Ardabil city in 2023. From this population, 60 children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly replaced in three groups: experiment 1, experiment 2, and control (20 people in each group). Data were collected using Connors Parent Rating Scale (1978), Raven's Progressive Matrices Test (2000) and cognitive emotion regulation scale (2002). The subjects of the first experimental group received Transcranial Direct Current Brain Stimulation (tDCS) for 10 sessions and twice a week for 20 minutes. The second experimental group also received Captain Log's computerized cognitive rehabilitation intervention for 10 sessions and twice a week for 45 minutes. The control group did not receive any intervention. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 25 software and with covariance analysis and Bonferroni's post hoc test.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the groups in emotion regulation (P<0.05). The experimental groups of transcranial direct current brain stimulation (tDCS) and computer-based cognitive rehabilitation had higher emotion regulation compared to the control group. Also, by controlling the effect of the pre-test in the two experimental groups, there is no significant difference between the two methods of transcranial direct current brain stimulation (tDCS) and computer-based cognitive rehabilitation (P<0.05).

According to the results, it can be said that the intervention of transcranial direct current brain stimulation (tDCS) and computer-based cognitive rehabilitation were effective in improving the cognitive regulation of emotion in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, both interventions can be used to improve the cognitive regulation of emotions in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.

This study set out to predict the symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children based on character traits and irritability of mothers according to gender roles. The present study had a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population of the study was comprised of all mothers of elementary school students with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Districts 5 and 7 of Tehran in the 2019-2020 school year. The sample was drawn using the purposive sampling method (N= 230). The research instruments included the Temperament & Character Inventory (Cloninger, 1994), Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales (1999) and The EAS Temperament Questionnaire (Buss & Plomin, 1984). Descriptive statistics as well as multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Data analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between character traits and irritability of mothers with symptoms of ADHD in children (β= 0.56, P≤0.001). The results also demonstrated that gender in interaction with mothers' character traits and irritability could not predict the symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity in children (β= 0.052, P≤0.001). Based on the results, it can be concluded that some of the personality and character traits of mothers underlie the symptoms of ADHD in children. Therefore, paying attention to the personality characteristics of parents can prove helpful in the treatment of children with ADHD symptoms.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Brain Stimulation (tDCS) and computer-based cognitive rehabilitation on improving impulsivity in children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.

The current research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and control group. 60 children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly placed in three groups: experiment 1, experiment 2, and control (20 people in each group). Data were collected using Connors Parent Rating Scale (1978), Raven's Progressive Matrices Test (2000), and Barrett's impulsivity questionnaire (1995). The subjects of the first experimental group received Transcranial Direct Brain Stimulation and the second experimental group also received Captain Log's rehabilitation intervention. The control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed with covariance analysis and Bonferroni's post hoc test.

The results showed that experimental groups had lower impulsivity compared with the control group. Also, by controlling the effect of the pre-test in the two experimental groups, there is a significant difference between the two methods of transcranial direct current brain stimulation and computer-based cognitive rehabilitation (P<0.05), and transcranial direct current brain stimulation is more effective in improving the impulsivity in children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.

According to the results, it can be said that the intervention of transcranial direct brain stimulation and cognitive rehabilitation was effective in improving impulsivity in children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, both interventions can be used to improve impulsivity in these children.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a course of practicing motor games based on Montessori theory on the fine and gross motor skills of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. 

 The present research was quasi-experimental. This study was done using a pretest-posttest design on 30 male students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. They were randomly divided into the control (15 students with a mean age of 8.1±0.4 years) and experimental (15 students with a mean age of 8.1±0.5 years). Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were diagnosed and found appropriate by psychiatrists. They were also assessed using the Conners’ parent and teacher rating scale questionnaire, whose validity and reliability in Iran were found to be 81%, using the Cronbach method. Then, through the Lichen-Ozeretsky motor adequacy test, both groups were assessed, and the experimental group received motor games based on Montessori theory for 12 weeks (three days per week). Covariance analysis was used to analyze the obtained data. 

The results of covariance analysis indicate a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. The subtests of strength (P<0.008), balance (P<0.001, F=31.97), 2-way coordination (P<0.001, F=21.32), motor vision control (F=94.15, P<0.001), agility speed (F=82.5, P<0.023), and response speed (F=10.22, P<0.003) were different between groups.

The study’s results showed a significant improvement in strength, balance, 2-way coordination, motor vision control, response speed, speed, and agility after the training period. Therefore, using this training program in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is recommended.

The purpose of the current study was to study the relationship between trait anxiety intolerance of uncertainty with depression syndromes in college students with moderating role of mindfulness. The research method was descriptive-correlation based on path analysis. Samples of this study were whole Mohageg Ardabili university students in 2021 -2022 semester (n=12000). Which 249 of them that had rating of 14 and higher in Beck Depression Inventory were selected by available sampling method as samples. the questionnaires including Beck Depression Inventory (1966), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (1970), Fristons Intolerance of uncertainty Scale (1994) and Rayan and Browns Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (2003) were completed buy were completed by participants. And those with ratings of 14 and above in BDI were selected as final sample (249 students)with depression symptoms. For analyzing data we used Pearson correlation test and path analysis in SPSSV19 and lisrelV15 software. Results showed that the model has a good fit (RMSEA=0.032، CFI=0.985) and there is a positive and significant correlation between trait anxiety (p<0/05, β= 0/421) and intolerance of uncertainty (p<0/05, β= 0/271) with depression symptoms. Furthermore trait anxiety (p<0/01, β= 0/077) and intolerance of uncertainty (p<0/01, β= 0/088) had a positive and significant indirect effect on depression symptoms through mindfulness. Results indicate that with confirming study's hypotheses trait anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty have a both direct and indirect effect on depression symptoms and play a dynamic role in depression symptoms.

Martial disaffection is one of the most important causes of problems and negative consequences among couples, which can lead to divorce. Therefore, investigating the factors affecting this variable is very important. The purpose of this research was to predict marital disaffection based on cognitive distortion, interpersonal forgiveness, and cognitive emotion regulation in married people.
This correlation study was conducted on 200 married people who were referred to Zanjan health centers in the year 1400. The study population was selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the Martial Disaffection Scale (MDS), Interpersonal Cognitive Distortion Scale (ICDS), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-P), and Interpersonal Forgiveness Questionnaire based on self-report. Data analysis was done in SPSS software (version 24) using regression analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient at a significance level of ≤ 0.05.
The results obtained from multiple regression showed that the multiple correlations between cognitive distortions, interpersonal forgiveness, and cognitive emotion regulation with marital disaffection are 0.41 (P≤0.05). Also, 17% of the variance of marital disaffection is explained by predictor variables. Interpersonal forgiveness has the largest contribution in explaining the variance of marital disaffection.
Marital disaffection in couples is influenced by various intrapersonal and interpersonal factors. Therefore, identifying factors affecting marital disaffection and using its results in a practical and interventional way has many effects on improving couples' relationships. It is suggested that disaffection be considered a general concept that encompasses different dimensions and all its aspects should be examined.

Drug addiction has become one of the big problems in societies, and its prevention is one of the main plans of countries worldwide. This study aims to assess the mediating role of family cohesion in the relationship between attitude towards drug addiction and personal empowerment in Iranian college students.

This is a correlational study using structural equation modeling. The study population includes all undergraduate students of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in the academic year 2022-2023, of whom 200 were selected using a convenience sampling method. The used tools were the social competence questionnaire of Felner et al. (1990), the attitude towards drugs questionnaire of Karimi (2013), and the family adaptability and cohesion evaluation scale of Olson (1985). To analyze the collected data, SPSS software, version 23 and LISREL software, version 8.8 were used.

The positive attitude towards drug addiction had a negative and significant relationship with personal empowerment (r=-0.58, P<0.01) and family cohesion (r=-0.55, P<0.01). The negative attitude towards drug addiction had a positive and significant relationship with personal empowerment (r=0.56, P<0.01) and family cohesion (r=0.50, P<0.01). Personal empowerment of students had both direct and indirect effects (through family cohesion) on the attitude towards drug addiction.

To prevent addiction to drugs in young people, there is a need to create a negative attitude towards drugs in them by increasing their personal empowerment and family cohesion.

Overeating as a maladaptive behavior and an inefficient way of emotion regulation is associated with harmful health consequences. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between affective and emotional composite temperament and overeating concerning the mediating role of emotion regulation.

The current research design is descriptive-correlation and modeling type, and its statistical population was all students of the secondary high school of Rasht, Iran in the academic year of 2021-2022, from which 368 people were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect information, the affective and emotional composite temperament questionnaire, emotion regulation questionnaire, and Binge eating scale were used and the data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling.

The results of structural equation modeling showed that the research model had a good fit and confirmed the direct effect of affective and emotional temperament (0.93) on overeating. Furthermore, the results of investigating the mediating role of emotion regulation revealed that emotion regulation had a significant mediating role (0.75) in the relationship between affective and emotional temperament and overeating.

Preventive interventions focused on emotion regulation and following the temperamental characteristics of students, it is possible to reduce overeating behaviors and their unpleasant consequences.

It is very crucial to study the issues related to adolescents. One of the behaviors that have caused public concern about adolescents' health is self-injurious behavior. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between motivational value characters and self-injurious behaviors in adolescents mediated by emotional regulation.

 The present research method is descriptive and correlational. The sample consists of 200 female high school students in Rasht in the academic year 2020-2021 who participated in the study conducted by available sampling method through online calling. Data collection tools included The Self-Harm Inventory (SHI) (Sanson et al. 1998), Schwartz's Value Survey (SVS) (Schwartz, 1992), and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) (Gross and John, 2003). The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling using SPSS23 and Amos26 software.

The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between personal focus values and social focus values with reappraisal and a negative and significant relationship with suppression. There is a significant negative relationship between social focus values and self-injurious behaviors and a significant negative and positive relationship between reappraisal and suppression of self-injurious behaviors (P<0.001). There was no significant relationship between personal focus values and self-injurious behaviors. The results also showed that the indirect effect of motivational value characters on self-injurious behaviors through emotional regulation is significant (P<0.001).

The present study emphasizes the mediating role of emotional regulation in the relationship between motivational value characters and self-injurious behaviors. Strengthening and internalizing effective motivational value characters and emotional regulation-based interventions may be effective in preventing or treating the symptoms of self-injurious in adolescents.

The current study aimed to investigate the causal model of adolescents' vulnerability to addiction based on sensory processing sensitivity and brain behavioral systems with the mediation of emotional suppression.

The current research was descriptive-correlational of structural equation modeling type. The statistical population of the research included the students of the city of Mashhad in the academic year 2022-2023. Among them, 228 people were selected by the multi-stage cluster sampling method. The tools used in this research included the identifying people at risk of addiction questionnaire, the sensory processing sensitivity questionnaire, the brain behavioral systems questionnaire, and the adjustment inventory. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data.

The results indicated that sensory processing sensitivity and the behavioral inhibition system had a positive and significant effect, while behavioral activation system had a negative and significant effect on vulnerability to addiction. In addition, emotional suppression mediated the relationship between sensory processing sensitivity and brain behavioral systems. Overall, the results showed that the model had good fit.

According to the results of the current research, regarding vulnerability to addiction, it is suggested that addiction treatment clinics pay more attention to the antecedents of processing sensitivity and brain systems and their possible negative consequences in order to reduce the level of vulnerability to addiction in adolescents.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the structural pattern of difficulty in emotional regulation with conduct disorder based on mediating emotional and cognitive empathy in male adolescents. The research method was descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all the male students of the first secondary school in Kermanshah city in 2021-2022, 234 students who obtained the highest scores in the pediatric symptoms questionnaire and had the most symptoms of conduct disorder, were selected as a sample group based on the purposive sampling method. the questionnaires were the Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (DERS, Gratz and Roemer, 2004) and the Empathy Benefit Scale (EQ, Baron-Cohen, 2003). For analyzing data we used the Pearson correlation test and analysis of structural. The results of data analysis showed that the model has a good fit and there is a significant correlation & difficulty in regulating emotion and emotional & cognitive empathy have a direct and significant effect on the behavioral disorder(P<0.01). Also, difficulty in regulating emotion through the mediation of emotional and cognitive empathy has an indirect and significant effect on students' behavior disorder (P<0.01). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the development of self-regulation of emotion can make it possible to achieve empathy in a person and act as an effective factor in reducing the symptoms of conduct disorder and increasing prosocial behavior in adolescents.

Conduct disorder is a risk factor for future antisocial behaviors, and evidence suggests the role of temperamental factors in the development and persistence of this disorder.

This study aimed to test the pettern of structural relationships of affective temperaments with symptoms of conduct disorder with investigating the mediating role of moral disengagement in adolescents.

The study utilized a descriptive-correlational method. The statistical population comprised first and second-period high school students in Urmia during the 2020-2021 academic years. Two hundred and twenty individuals were selected through multistage random sampling and responded to the strengths and difficulties questionnaire, affective and emotional composite temperaments scale, and moral disengagement scale. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling via SmartPLS 3. 

The results of structural equation modeling showed that internalized (β=-0.10; t=-2.48) and stable (β=-0.17; t=-2.17) temperaments have a negative direct effect on symptoms of conduct disorder, while the externalized (β=0.30; t=2.62) and unstable temperament (β=0.52; t=2.52) have a positive direct effect on symptoms of conduct disorder. Furthermore, internalized (β=0.04; t=2.13) and unstable temperament (β=0.03; t=2.20) have an indirect effect on symptoms of conduct disorder via the mediating role of moral disengagement. P<0.05 was considered as a significant level.

These findings indicate that internalized and stable temperaments can act as a protective factor, while externalized and unstable temperaments can act as a vulnerability factor for conduct symptoms. Moral disengagement also mediates the negative effects of temperaments on conduct symptoms, highlighting the importance of addressing temperamental factors in early identification of conduct disorder and the
need to develop skills to address moral disengagement in order to prevent this disorder.

Sexual satisfaction is considered an important indicator of successful marriage, family well-being, and health, and it has implications for family functioning and marital satisfaction.

This study aimed to predict the sexual satisfaction of couples based on the motivational structure and family functioning.

This study was applied in terms of objective, quantitative in terms of data type, descriptive in terms of data collection, and correlational in terms of methodology. The population included all married individuals seeking treatment at the Addiction Treatment Center in Dargaz, Khorasan Razavi Province. Out of this population, 100 individuals were selected using convenience sampling and formed the research sample. The Family Functioning Scale (Epstein, Baldwin, Lawrence & Bishop, 1983), the Motivational Structure Questionnaire (Cox & Klinger, 2002), and the Sexual Satisfaction Scale (Yavari Kermani, 2007) were used to collect data. The obtained data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis.

The results showed that family functioning and non-congruent motivational structure had a significant negative relationship with sexual satisfaction, while congruent motivational structure had a significant positive relationship with sexual satisfaction (p < 0.01). Family functioning and congruent and non-congruent motivational structure explained 39.0% of the variance in sexual satisfaction.

Based on the findings of this study, the motivational structure and family functioning can predict the sexual satisfaction of couples. Therefore, by providing education and interventions to improve family functioning and address motivational structure, the sexual satisfaction of couples can be increased.

People suffering from gender boredom obviously suffer from constant discomfort due to the inadequacy of the gender role and current feelings, abundant and continuous interest in identifying with the opposite sex without taking advantage of the specific cultural and social benefits of that sex. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparingto compare body image, rumination, and social anxiety in people suffering from sexual boredom and normal people.

The current research was descriptive and causal-comparative. The statistical population included all people with gender dysphoria and trans-sexual members of the support association for sexual dysphoria patients in Tehran province. All normal people living in Tehran province were the normal people of in this study. The number of 50 affected people and 50 normal people were selected according to the available methods. the body image concern questionnaires of Littleton et al. (2005), rumination by Nolen Hoeksma and Maro (1991), and social anxiety by Connor (2000) were used tTo collect data, the body image concern questionnaires of Littleton et al. (2005), rumination by Nolen Hoeksma and Maro (1991) and social anxiety by Connor (2000) were used. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance inand SPSS24 software.

The results showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups in body image concern (F=90.46 and P<0.01), rumination (F=115.01 and P<0.01), and social anxiety. (F=87.95 and P>0.01).

based on the results,The results showed that people with gender boredom have lower body image and higher rumination and social anxiety than non-sufferers. Changing cultural beliefs and increasing social acceptance can play an important role in improving body image, rumination, and social anxiety.

Social networks are now being created as an admission to search, discuss and share information interactive and immediate with others. The purpose of this study was to model the role of emotional resilience and self-resilience in the tendency of addiction to social networks mediated by psychological well-being. The use of social networks has become a modern natural behavior, but the harmful forms of their use have also received much attention in the last two decades. Social networks have now emerged as a platform for searching, discussing and sharing information interactively and instantly with others. Their popularity, especially among young people, has led to a significant increase in research into the analysis of the consequences of their use. Has been in the psychosocial development of users. Social networks have provided various facilities for users, but their uncontrolled, uninformed and excessive use of them creates dangers for users in families. Social networks are a source of attention in personal, academic and professional work. In the context of academia, they can lead to academic procrastination and undermine students' academic performance. One of the psychological characteristics of students that is affected by the use of social networks is emotional resilience. Previous studies have shown that psychological characteristics such as resilience may predict cell phone addiction and social networking. Resilience, as a complex, dynamic and multidimensional phenomenon, can be thought of as a process, capacity or consequence of positive adaptation and continuous professional commitment and growth in the face of challenging conditions. Emotional resilience should be considered as a person's ability to cope with adversity and overcome failure. Emotional resilience requires a high degree of self-awareness, strong self-regulation, and a host of other characteristics. Factors such as stress, burnout, lack of social support and negative thinking are the enemies of emotional resilience. Another variable that can be associated with social media addiction is self-concealment. In the literature on psychology and counseling, self-concealment is often defined as the tendency to intentionally conceal personal information that one finds disturbing or negative. Self-concealmentis a behavioral tendency in which individuals hide personal information about distress, embarrassment, and negativity from others. One of the most important structures that play a mediating variable in social network addiction is psychological well-being. Psychological well-being is one of the structures studied in positivist psychology. Today, a new perspective is being formed and expanded in health-related sciences in general and in psychology in particular, with the aim of focusing on health. It is drawn from individual life to social interactions. In general, according to the above research records, the dispersion and contradiction of research in the field of social media addiction and the lack of studies in Iran, highlights the need for further implementation and research in this field. In addition, the mobile phones of this technological tool, which are especially popular among the younger generation, have led to lifestyle changes, differentiation of social interaction styles, as well as preparing them to limit their lives in the technological world. This in itself highlights the need for such research. Therefore, the present study aimed to model the role of emotional resilience and self-concealment in the tendency of addiction to social networks mediated by psychological well-being.

The method of the present study is descriptive and correlational and the method of analysis is structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study was all students studying at Mohaghegh Ardabili University. Since the PLS method is not sensitive to the sample size, the required sample size was determined using Barclayo et al.'s (1995) theory for the present study (32). However, in order to achieve more generalizable results and less statistical error in the sample size in the present study, considering the probability of sample loss, 200 people were considered. After removing the distorted data, 120 questionnaires were included in the statistical analysis.  Sampling method used Sampling was also available. The questionnaires were designed online and its links were provided to the subjects on social networks (Telegram groups and channels, WhatsApp groups and Instagram pages) so that students who wished to participate in the research could answer the questions. Inclusion criteria were willingness to participate in research and being a student and exit criteria were unwillingness to participate in research. The data collected in this study were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools such as mean and standard deviation and structural equation modeling using SPSS.25 software and 3.smart pls software.

A total of 120 students with a mean age of 28.75 and a standard deviation of 8.71 participated in this study.The results showed that emotional resilience and self-deprecation had a direct and significant effect on social networking addiction, as well as the indirect effect of emotional resilience and self-deprecation with the mediation of psychological well-being (t > 1.96).

The results of structural equations showed that emotional resilience has a direct and significant relationship with addiction to social networks. Explaining these results, it can be said that resilience can be generally defined as the ability to adapt to adverse situations in a positive way. Adolescents with lower resilience are more likely to become addicted to social media and in challenging situations instead the use of positive coping strategies tends to lead to negative behaviors such as social media addiction. The results of structural equations showed that self-concealment has a direct and significant relationship with addiction to social networks. Explaining these findings, it can be said that adolescents who have high self-conceit may become addicted to social networks to escape the negative feelings related to self-concealment. The results of structural equations showed that psychological well-being has a direct and significant relationship with addiction to social networks. Explaining these findings, it can be said that according to the negative consequences of addiction to social networks, psychological well-being can prevent adolescents' addiction to social networks. Described over time.The results of structural equations showed that emotional resilience on social media addiction has an indirect and significant relationship with the mediation of psychological well-being. In explaining these findings, it can be said that, as stated earlier, resilience refers to the factors and processes that protect physical development and psychological well-being from the risk of engaging in problematic behaviors and psychological damage.The results of structural equations showed that self-denial on social media addiction is indirectly and significantly related to psychological well-being. Many people who have self-deprecation turn to the Internet to manage and get rid of unwanted self-deprecating feelings such as stress, loneliness, depression and anxiety. They see the Internet as the easiest way out of these feelings, which is the starting point for Internet addiction.Emotional resilience and self-deprecation can show different functions of social networking in students. Therefore, examining the role of psychological well-being mediates provides more accurate information on the impact of these variables for various social network addiction.

The aim of this study was to determine the role of social competence and Weakness in emotion regulation in anticipating adolescents Conduct disorder.

The statistical population included all male high school students in Kermanshah in the academic in 2019-2020, which was 234 students who obtained the highest scores in the pediatric symptoms questionnaire (parent form) (Gadow & Sprafkin, 2007) and They had the most symptoms of conduct disorder, were selected as a sample group based on multi-stage cluster sampling method, and participants completed the social competency questionnaire (Felner & elt, 1990) and difficult emotion regulation questionnaire (Gratz & Roemer,2004). Data were analyzed by,multiple regression by stepwise method.

Resulte:

 The results showed that the linear relationship between the behavior disorder variable and the predictor components was statistically significant (P<0.001). This means that social competence and emotion self-regulation are able to predict behavioral disorders in adolescents. The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that among the components of social competence; respectively the components of cognitive abilities and skills, behavioral skills and emotional competencies as well as among the components of emotion self-regulation; lack of emotional clarity, lack of emotional awareness, difficulty in controlling impulses, and limited access to emotional strategies, respectively, are the strongest variables that can be used to predict conduct disorder.

These findings have important implications for the prevention, treatment, and counseling services for children and adolescents with symptoms of conduct disorder and it could be useful with plans and programs to decreases the symptoms of conduct disorder.

Depression is considered one of the most common mental disorders, and knowing the variables affecting it plays a significant role in people's health, quality of life, and occupational and academic performance. So the purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between emotional clarity, intolerance of uncertainty, and cognitive flexibility with depression symptoms in college students.

The present study was conducted with a descriptive and correlational method. Samples of this study were students of Mohageg Ardabili University in the 2020-2021 semester (n=12000). 350 of them were selected by the available sampling method. the questionnaires including the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1966), Trait Meta Mood Scale(saluvey et al, 1995), Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (Friston, 1994), and cognitive flexibility scale(vender, valp, 2010) were completed by students. And those with ratings of 14 and above in BDI were selected as people with depression symptoms and final samples (249 students). The study's data were analyzed by multiple regression and Pearson correlation in SPSS v19 software.

The results showed that depression symptoms were correlated negatively with emotional clarity (p<0/05, r=-0/142) and cognitive flexibility (p<0/01, r=-0/125) and correlated positively with intolerance of uncertainty(p<0/05, r= 0/221). Regression analysis showed that emotional clarity predicts overall 45% of depression symptoms and intolerance of uncertainty and cognitive flexibility also predicted 33% and 21% of depression symptoms.

Depression symptoms are predictable through emotional clarity, intolerance of uncertainty, and cognitive flexibility. So we're suggesting that psychologists and counselors consider the role of emotional clarity, intolerance of uncertainty, and cognitive flexibility in improving depression symptoms.

Overweight and obesity have become aserious concern for public health;
 Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop a model of food craving based on family communication patterns mediated by Behavioral Emotion Regulation in overweight students in Mashhad.
This research was a causal-comparative study. The statistical population of this study was all women with migraine headache and all healthy women in Kermanshah province. 30 migraine headache patients referred to psychiatric and neurological clinics in Kermanshah province were selected by convenience sampling method. 30 healthy subjects were selected based on their (age, level of education and status Socioeconomics) were chosen and questionnaires anxiety associated with pain, pain self-efficacy and coping strategies responded. The collected data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation, and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
The results showed that the conformity orientation (β = 0.25) and behavioral emotion regulation (β = 0.29) have a direct and positive effect on food craving; Also, according to the amount of VAF statistics, it can be seen that 26/2% of the effect of dialogue orientation and 34/8% of the effect of conformity orientation on food craving can be explained through behavioral emotion regulation.
Therefore, family and emotional issues can have a significant contribution to reducing the food cravings of overweight students.

The aim of the present study was to compare academic self-handicapping, mental pain and dirty dozen in gifted and normal students. According to the nature of the subject, the method of the current research was of a causal-comparative type. The statistical population of this research was all students of second secondary schools in Ardabil city (24931 people) in the academic year of 2022-2023. The statistical sample of the current research is 400 students (200 gifted and 200 normal), who were randomly selected in a cluster. To collect data, Schwinger et al.'s (2011), mental pain questionnaires of Auerbach and Mikulinser (2003) and Jenison and Webster's (2010) dirty dozen questionnaires were used to collect data. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) test was used for data analysis. The results showed that there is a significant difference between academic self-handicapping in two groups of gifted and normal students (p<0.01). Also, there is no significant difference between mental pain in gifted and normal students (p>0.05). And finally, there is a significant difference in the dirty dozen variable in two groups of gifted and normal students (p<0.05). Therefore, paying attention to these results, it can be said that each group of gifted and normal students needs attention regarding the studied variables.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of parenting styles on conduct disorder (CD) mediated by emotional and cognitive empathy in junior high school students. The statistical population included all male high school students in Kermanshah in the academic in 2020-2021, which was 234 students who obtained the highest scores in the pediatric symptoms questionnaire (parent form) (Gadow & Sprafkin, 2007) and They had the most symptoms of conduct disorder, were selected as a sample group based on multi-stage cluster sampling method, and participants completed the Alabama΄s parenting styles (Frick, 1991), the Baron-Cohen empathy quotient scale (Baron-Cohen & Wheelwrigh, 2004). Structural equation modeling on LISREL software was used to answer the hypotheses. The results of data analysis showed that direct and indirect path coefficients are significant in the research model (P <0.001). According to the findings of this study, efficient and inefficient parenting styles and emotional and cognitive empathy have a direct and significant effect on conduct disorder and efficient and inefficient parenting styles also have a direct and significant effect on emotional and cognitive empathy. Also, effective parenting style (positive parenting components and father participation) and inefficient parenting style (components of authority, poor supervision and corporal punishment) mediate emotional and cognitive empathy on students' conduct disorder indirectly. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that proper communication between parent and child enables the person to achieve emotional development and increases the ability to empathy and community friendly behavior in adolescents.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited metabolic disease that requires lifelong treatment and management. PKU disease affects the quality of life of patients and their caregivers and also challenges the adaptation and psychological well-being of parents. Therefore, the current review study was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors related to the psychological well-being of these parents.

This study is a systematic review. Searching for related articles was done in the period from 2001 to 2022 in foreign electronic databases such as Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SID and Magiran internal databases using the Persian keywords “phenylketonuria, parents, psychological well-being, and Quality of life”, and their English equivalents. The search criteria included studies with more than one sample, studies that used the official measure of psychological functioning related to the well-being of these parents, and full articles published in Persian and English.

In the initial search, 334 articles were found, after removing duplicates and including inclusion criteria, finally 24 articles were examined in line with the objectives of the present study. The findings showed that the demographic variables such as parent's gender and education level, child's age, and family income were the most extensive factors related to the well-being of these parents. Social support and variables of quality of life, stress, and psychological distress were the next repeatable factors related to parents’ well-being.

These results show the importance of social networks in supporting families, especially mothers with PKU children. Future research should focus on using more diverse study designs and larger samples. Interventional studies may help improve parental well-being.

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of family empowerment with short-term solution-oriented therapy in changing the emotional atmosphere of the family and the prevention of addiction in adolescents with substance-dependent parents.

The method of the present study was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of this research consisted of adolescents with substance-dependent parents referring to drug addiction treatment centers in the city of Tabriz in fall 2021. Among them, 30 people were selected using the convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received eight 90-minute sessions of short-term solution-oriented therapy weekly, while the control group received no intervention. Research data were collected in three stages of pre-test, post-test, and three-month follow-up using the family emotional atmosphere questionnaire and the addiction tendency scale, and were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance.

The results showed that family empowerment was effective in changing the family emotional atmosphere and the prevention of addiction in adolescents with substance-dependent parents, and this effect was stable in the three-month follow-up.

According to the results of the present research, it can be concluded that family empowerment with short-term solution-oriented therapy is among the effective treatments for the family emotional atmosphere and the prevention of addiction.

The aim of the present study was to compare the experience of flow, mindfulness in gifted and normal students. Identifying psychological differences between gifted and normal students and considering them in education programs can lead to greater growth and development among them.

 According to the nature of the subject, the present research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population of this research was all students of second secondary schools in Ardabil city (24931 people) in the academic year of 2021-2022. The statistical sample of the current research is 400 students (200 gifted and 200 normal) who were randomly selected in a cluster. Martin and Jackson's Academic Flow Questionnaire and the short form of the Freiburg Mindfulness Questionnaire were used to collect data. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) test was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that there was no significant difference between the experience of flow and mindfulness in two groups of gifted and normal students (p>0.05).

Conclusion:

Therefore, paying attention to these results, it can be said that each group of gifted and normal students needs attention regarding the studied variables.

obesity in adolescents has become a serious public health concern that will lead to many risk factors; therefore, this study was performed to study a causal model of food cravings based on cognitive self-awareness mediated by positive behavioral emotion regulation in obese students in Mashhad.

The method of this research was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study was all middle and high school male students in Mashhad during the academic year 2021-2022 and 320 subjects were selected by cluster sampling. The Food Cravings Questionnaire of Cepeda-Benito et al., the Metacognitive Beliefs Questionnaire of Wells & Cartwright-Hatton, and the Behavioral Emotion Regulation Questionnaire of Garnefski and kraaj were used to collect data. The collected data were also analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis and structural equations by Lisrel 8.8 software.

The results showed that the causal model of the relationship between cognitive self-awareness, behavioral emotion regulation, and food cravings in students with obesity was confirmed based on various fit indices (P<0.05), Overall, cognitive self-awareness positive behavioral emotion regulation predicted 53% of the variance food cravings in obese students.

Therefore, according to the results, it is suggested that the Education and Welfare Organization implement cognitive skills and emotion regulation training by counselors and psychologists in planning and life skills classes for students.