فهرست مطالب شهرام شهابی

Urban branding is a strategy that gives the city an unforgettable identity and is a tool that can deliver the city's core value quickly. The present study designs and tests the urban brand creation model (Case study: Preser and Bandar Anzali cities of Guilan province). The findings and results of the qualitative and quantitative data analysis are presented in two parts. The first part deals with the qualitative findings and the second part deals with the quantitative results. The statistical population of the qualitative part of the research includes urban managers, cultural and tourism heritage managers, environmental managers, tourism activists, academic elites in the field of urban brand creation and 15 samples were completed. Statistical population includes urban, tourism and cultural heritage managers as well as people or people visiting the prestigious cities of Bandar Anzali using Morgan table and sample size of 384 people. The qualitative findings of the study include causal factors, main phenomena or categories, confounding factors, strategy, contextual factors, and outcomes. The quantitative findings of the final research model showed that all factor loads were statistically significant, welfare services ranked first and tourism attractions ranked last.

In today's developed world, cities act as competitors and strive to capture more capital market share, outstanding talent, and global attention. Urban branding is a tool for gaining a competitive advantage, increasing domestic investment, and tourism. In urban branding, it is always tried to create a distinctive and unique image in the minds of the audience by creating and combining the emotional and functional characteristics of that city. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effective components in urban branding for the city of Parehsar in Guilan province. Methodologically the research design is an exploratory mix in two stages; In the first stage, was used the Foundation's data qualitative research method, and in the second stage, the descriptive-survey quantitative method and structural equations were used. Initially, semi-structured and exploratory interviews were conducted with 15 academic and executive elites who were purposefully selected based on the theoretical saturation index and were fully acquainted with the citiy. Analysis of qualitative data by foundation data method and analysis of data obtained from the questionnaire by confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis. The statistical population of the quantitative stage of this research included people or individuals who visited two cities and the number of statistical samples was 384 people for each city separately, with using Cochran's formula. Structural equation modeling using SmartPLS and SPSS21 software was used to analyze the data and test the research hypotheses.

Allergic diseases have increased in the last decade worldwide and researchers have been trying to introduce new strategies and drugs to treat these types of diseases. Nicotine shows anti-inflammatory properties and the studies have revealed that it can reduce the inflammation and the allergic responses. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a multifunctional protein kinase that forms two complexes in the signaling pathway. It has been shown that mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2) tends to promote the immune response toward Th2. Also, the studies have indicated that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an essential transcription factor in anti-inflammatory responses and nicotine exert its anti-inflammatory effects using the STAT3 signaling pathway In this experimental Study, we investigated the effects of nicotine on the expression RICTOR-mTORC2 and STAT3 genes in a mouse model of allergic asthma. The mice were sensitized using ovalbumin and alum and 2 weeks later treated tree times with nicotine in the concentration of 10 mg/kg every other day. The mice were challenged with ovalbumin aerosols on days 35, 38 and 41 and sacrificed the next day Our results showed that nicotine treatment resulted in down-regulation of RICTOR-mTORC2 expression. Also, the results indicated that nicotine could up-regulate the expression of STAT3 Such data proposed that nicotine administration may decrease allergic responses and the inflammation in the airways of the allergic mice by down-regulating the expression of RICTOR-mTORC2 and up-regulating the expression of STAT3 genes.

Allergy is one of the most common diseases that is rapidly increasing. Since this disease is a psychosomatic disease, to evaluate the factors affecting it, a combination of biological and psychological factors should be considered. The aim of this study was to compare the personality traits and emotion regulation styles in patients with and without allergy with healthy people. This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in the Allergy Clinic in Urmia city in 2017. In this study, 100 patients (50 patients with allergy, and 50 patients without allergy) and 50 healthy people were selected through matching with the patient group using convenience sampling method. Data were collected using Personality Trait Questionnaire (PTQ) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance, Levin and Scheffe test. Neuroticism was more common in patients with and without allergy than those healthy people (P=0.001). Patients with allergy obtained lower scores of the extraversion trait and adaptive emotion regulation compared to the other two groups (P=0.001). There was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of agreeableness and openness to experience.  It seems necessary to use psychological interventions in the training of emotion regulation skills and pay attention to the personality traits in these patients.

Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are severe mental disorders and disturbances of immunity system are seen in their pathogenic process. Thus, in schizophrenia both general and specific components of immune system are disturbed. In MDD immunity system also changes. Numerous studies show that when depressed patients are exposed to allergen pollens, elevation of IgE with exacerbation of allergic and depression signs and symptoms are revealed. Our study compared serum level of total IgE in schizophrenia and MMD patient to find changes of IgE levels and relations between them.
In our case control study serum levels of IgE were measured in 20 schizophrenic and 20 MMD patients that were admitted to Razi Psychiatric Hospital in Urmia. The serum level of 20 other people was measured as control group. The results were analyzed by K Square and T-Test.
The mean IgE serum level of schizophrenic patients was 31.4428 IU/ml.These levels were 17.7833IU/ml and 8.3756 IU/ml for MDD and control group, respectively. The mean total serum level of IgE in schizophrenic and MDD patients were more than control group, but only the differences between schizophrenic and control group was significant (p=0.008).
Our study revealed that specific allergic immunoglobulin increase at least in some schizophrenic patients. Increased IgE can indicate the role of B-Cell disorder of in the etiology of (at least some) schizophrenic patients.

DNA immunization is an appropriate method to produce an immunological response. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces exotoxin A which is highly cytotoxic for eukaryotic cells. Since domains II (translocation domain) and 1b of the toxin have antigenic qualities, so they could be useful candidates to protect against pseudomonas infections.
To evaluate if recombinant plasmid containing immunogenic domain of exotoxin A might be protective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.
To study the biologic and immunological effects of antigenic domains of exotoxin A, plasmid expression vector (pET28a) containing domain II and 1b of exotoxin was constructed. To evaluate the effects of intracellular recombinant gene expression, BALB/C mice were immunized with the recombinant plasmid and then subjected to third degree thermal injury and the humoral immunity responses were assayed.
Immunization with the recombinant plasmid containing translocation and 1b domains of exotoxin A resulted in increasing antibodies production (IgA and IgG) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. DNA immunization significantly decreased the bacterial count liver, spleen, blood and inoculated burns after challenging with P. aeruginosa and dramatically improved the survival rate of burn-injured mice.
Finally, immunization by gene encoding antigenic products may be a good technique for protection against P. aeruginosa infections.

In this study the efficacy of the mixture of ICI118،551 and alum، as an adjuvant، in the induction of humoral and cellular immunity response to heat-killed Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) (HKST) as a model vaccine was investigated. BALB/c mice were divided into five groups. Mice in the experimental groups received either the HKST vaccine alone or in combination with the adjuvant alum، ICI or the alum-ICI mixture. Mice in the negative control group received phosphate-buffered saline. All mice were immunized twice on days 0 and 14. Two weeks after the last immunization، immune responses to S. typhimurium were assessed. Administration of the alum-ICI mixture as an adjuvant increased the ability of the HKST vaccine after administration of sub-lethal doses of bacteria in reduction of the colony count after liver and spleen cultures، increased S. typhimurium specific IgG and IgG2a and the survival rate after challenge with lethal doses of bacteria in the mouse model. Administration of the alum-ICI mixture in combination with the HKST vaccine enhanced humoral and cellular immunity in a mouse model.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) inhibit production of pro- inflammatory cytokines. Carbenoxolone is regarded to induce the production of HSPs. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the effect of Carbenoxolone in reduction of the severity of systemic inflammation induced by LPS in a murine model. %80 lethal dose of LPS was determined in balb/C mice، also appropriate dose of drug for efficient reduction in mortality was determined. LPS+D-GalN with drug were injected to different groups، in different times، after 24 hours the mortality rate was calculated and the severity of necrosis measured in the kidney and livers of the survived mice. After 3 hours serum samples were collected and the concentrations of TNF-α were measured in each group. Administration of Carbenoxolone with LPS reduced the lethality rate from 80 to %20. The severity of necrosis in the liver and kidney of drug administrated groups decreased significantly in comparison with the positive control group. The concentration of TNF-α in mice received LPS increased significantly in comparison with the control group (P=0. 032)، but in drug received groups no significant differences were seen with respect to the control. Discussion and Carbenoxolone significantly reduced the severity and damage due to endotoxic shock.

Previous studies demonstrated that immunomodulation maybe a helpful approach for treatment of diabetes type 1. L-glutamine, a non toxic inducer of heat shock proteins (HSP), has immunomodulatory effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of this drug on the level of fasting blood sugar and pancreases lesions in male C57BL/6 diabetic mice.

Diabetes was induced in male C57BL/6 mice. Mice randomly allocated in 4 groups (N=5) (positive control, pre induction treatment, post induction treatment, normal group). Seven days after final streptozotocin (STZ) induced dosage, blood sample collected from mice and evaluated for fasting blood sugar by automatic Glucometer. In addition, 14 days after final STZ induced dosage, mice were euthanized and pancreases were collected and stained with H&E. The slides were evaluated for leukocytic infiltration, edema, congestion, degeneration and ticknessing of blood vessels in pancreatic langerhans islets. For statistical analysis, we used one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Scheffe test, SPSS 19 (for pathological data), and Tukey’ test for other data.

Mice that received L-glutamine showed significantly decreased levels of fasting blood sugar (199 for preinduction group and 218 for post induction) and histopathological lesions of pancreases (p<0.05).

L-glutamine has an effective role in treatment of diabetes type1 and maybe used in new future for treatment of human diabetes type1.

Cancer is a serious problem for human being. A necessary prerequisite for any therapeutic modality is early diagnosis. Fractal dimension measurement of nuclear boundary of cancer cells can be used as a feature extraction in the field of automated cancer diagnosis. 41 positive urine cytology and 33 negative ones were selected randomly. Digitalized images prepared using objective 100X and a digital video head preprocessed subsequently and the fractal dimension of nuclear boundaries was measured by a software. Findings revealed a statistically significant difference between fractal dimensions of nuclear boundaries of cancerous versus non-cancerous in urinary smears. Selecting a proper cut off point (1.732 ± 0.006 in this study) can discriminate malignant and non-malignant epithelial cells in urinary smears. Based on diagnostic accuracy measures (sensitivity and specificity), probability of disease measures (predictive value of a positive and negative test results), and likelihood ratio of positive and negative tests, it seems fractal dimension of nuclear cell boundaries in urinary smears can be used as a feature extraction in the field of automated cancer diagnosis.

Background and In spite of the increasing progress in tumor treatment by current methods like surgery, chemotherapy and etc, medical sciences are unable to treat tumors. In this respect, immunology has opened a new window for tumor treatment nowadays tumor immunotherapy is an accepted strategy for treatment of some tumors at least in some animal models. The goal of this study is the evaluation of immunotherapy using gp96- tumor peptide complex and its combination with naloxon as an opioid receptor antagonist to achieve of cellular immunity against tumors In this study firstly, gp96 – tumor peptide complexes were purified from WEHI164 cells line using srivastava method. In the next stage, the mice, made tumoric befor by the injection of tumor cells, then were divided in to four groups. Control group were injected by PBS, test group1 were injected by naloxon, test group2 were injected by gp96 – tumor peptide complex and test group3 were injected by combination of naloxon and gp96 – tumor peptide complex. To evaluation the efficacy of vaccination, after several days, tumor volume was recorded then the mice were killed and the spleanic cells were extracted in sterile condition. MTT test was done for cells proliferation study. Supernatant of cultured cells were collected and assayed by ELISA kits for measuring IL-4 and IFN-γ. Result of protein purification had showen, purified gp96 Isoform has Molecular Weight of 66 kilo dalton.Results of tumor volume had shown that, there is no significant difference between test and control groups. Results of MTT test had shown that, there is no significant difference between test and control groups. IL-4 assay study had showed that, there is no significant difference between test group1, group2 and control group but test group3 has significantly decreased in IL-4 amount when compared with control group. Results of IFN-γ assay showed that, there is no significant difference between test group1 and control group, but test group2 and group3 has significantly increased in IFN-γ amount when compared with control group. It can be concluded from this study is that, prophylactic immunotherapy of tumor by combination of gp96-tumor peptide complex and naloxon, can increase IFN-γ, and, probably in a higher dosage, it may stimulate immune system more to become more potent to even decrease tumor volume.

The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of local hyperthermia on the healing of burn wounds. Right and left flunks of 8 balb-c mice (As treated and control wounds respectively) were burned. Local hyperthermia was applied only for the burn wounds of the right flunks (The treated wound). Sampling was accomplished on the 6th day for half of the mice and on the 9th day for the other half. The treated wounds had significantly smaller sizes than control wounds on the 6th day (P=0.019) and the 9th day (P=0.007). The number of hair follicles and sebaceous glands of the treated wounds were significantly more than those of control wounds both on the 6th day (P=0.025 and P=0.043, respectively) and on the 9th day (P=0.012 and P=0.033, respectively). Regarding the neovascularization there was no significant difference between the treated and control wounds on the 6th day but on the 9th day the neovascularization of the treated wounds was significantly more comparing to the control wounds (P=0.025). Acute inflammation of the treated wounds was significantly less than the control wounds (P=0.015). Collagen formation and reepithelialization in the treated wounds were more than the control wounds both on the 6th and 9th day. It is concluded that local hyperthermia can accelerate the healing process of the second degree burn wounds.