فهرست مطالب شهربانو اسدی

 The presence of Westerners with different goals in the Safavid period was more prominent than other dynasties. During this period, some travelogue writers with various purposes wrote travelogues that have been used in most of the researches related to Safavid history. One of the topics covered by travelogue writers is health. In this research, the intention is to analyze the views of these people to determine how reliable these books are for research on health in the Safavid period?

 This research is an analytical-critical study that uses written sources of the Safavid period and foreign sources (European travelogues) to examine the views of travel writers on health.

Ethical Considerations:

 In the present study, the ethical aspects of library study including originality of texts, honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.

 In this study, it was found that travel writers have different views on health and in some cases, their statements, although at the same time, were in Iran; There were many differences.

 The study of Safavid travelogues in the field of health led to the conclusion that some travelogue writers with their political and personal goals and intentions, did not record the correct information in their works. Therefore, in quoting these sources, they should be used with more reflection and accuracy.

The Safavid period is considered one of the most important periods in the history of Iranian medicine. During this period, medical knowledge was developed many works in the field of medicine were written and several hospitals were established. In recent years, several studies have been conducted on the medical history of the Safavid period. The purpose of this study is to introduce and critique the paper "Medicine of the Safavid era relying on Western travelogues" by Saeed Agharezaei and Shiva Rezaei. This research is an analytical-critical study that uses library resources to review and evaluate the paper in terms of structure, content, and method. The paper has coherent writing and indicates the authors' efforts to explain the medical and health situation of the Safavid period from the perspective of Western tourists. In the structure of the paper, sometimes inappropriate references and writing errors are seen. Failure to mention the reasons for the migration of physicians to India, failure to determine the true location of hospitals, failure to mention the position of dental, veterinary and surgical knowledge, failure to mention epidemics and ambiguity of the pharmacology situation in the Safavid period can be enumerated content critiques. The results show that the paper, despite attempts to reveal various aspects of medicine in the Safavid era, has some structural, content, and method problems. Therefore, it is expected that the respected authors, by eliminating the mentioned problems, will be able to publish a more significant work on the history of medicine in future research.

In the period of the translation movement and before that the medical and philosophical ideas of ancient Greece were considered definite. Among the features of the authoring period are innovations in medicine and the creation of doubts in some Greek science beliefs. This study examines the flaws that the mystery of medicine with the subject of Galen in the book of Razi’s criticize on Galen. Because for the first time in the period of Islamic civilization, some of Galen's ideas have been criticized in this book, the study and analysis of Razi's book is of special importance.

This study was conducted in order to express the theoretical independence of Islamic scholars, especially Razi, through library survey method based on authentic sources of medical history.

The deficiencies that Razi inflicts on Galen's medical views, as well as the opposing views about Razi in this book, are expressed .The reviews revealed that the book of Razi’s criticize on Galen was not fully translated into Persian; only a few corrections were made. Two examples of corrections belong to Mehdi Mohaghegh and Mustafa Labib Abdul Ghani. Three copies of Razi’s criticize on Galen are available in the Malek Library No.4573 (now owned by the Astan Quds Razavi Library), the Islamic Consultative Assembly library No.9014 and National No.2915085, which have been extracted from the version available on the property, available.

Razi’s criticize on Galen can be used as a credible scientific and historical resource for scholars who intend to study about Galen and even the mystery itself. Om the copy in the Property from this work we can write valuable articles on various medical and philosophical topics.