فهرست مطالب شهره کرمی

The purpose of this study was to identify strategies for Agricultural Entrepreneurs Empowerment in Javanrod, Salasebabajani, Ravansar and Paveh counties of Kermanshah Province. The structural impact obtained was based on different qualitative techniques and was analysed based on the SWOT model. The finding suggested that the most effective strengths were: adoption of social responsibilities increasing with weighted score "0.305", knowledge, attitudes and values increasing in the agricultural entrepreneurs with weighted score "0.300"; the most effective weaknesses were: Lack of enough capital with weighted score "0.260", lack of entrepreneurial culture with weighted score "0.208"; the most effective opportunities were: supporting ideas and projects with weighted score "0.330", entrepreneurial skills trading (the capacity to identify opportunities, problems and solutions) with weighted score "0.315", and the most effective threats were: lack of economic security "0.265" and suitable market lack for products "0.250". The results suggested that by aggressive strategies such as training and entrepreneurial skills development and technical, knowing the sources of ideas, using new technologies, increasing access to training and funds, access to commercial networks, creating exhibitions and conferences application; adaptive strategy promoting use of banking facilities; contingency strategies such as reducing the threat of being able to create diverse career opportunities, reducing administrative bureaucracy, difficulty in getting a licence and infrastructure to create suitable market production; defence strategy including reduction of threats such as economic insecurity can be used as background empowerment entrepreneurs for agricultural entrepreneurs empowerment.

In line with the graduate's supply and demand and job market developments in the years ahead, targeted and future-oriented planners are inevitable in order to train professional capabilities and increase productivity in agricultural higher education. Therefore the present study, done with aimed to foresight of skill and technology application requirements of job market from the view of agricultural students at Razi University. This research was in terms of nature a mixed of research, in terms of purpose an applied. The statistical population consisted of the Ph.D. students of the Agriculture and Natural Resources Campus of Razi University, 48 of them were selected through a convenience sampling method. The key indicators of the research were determined by a questionnaire with ordinal versions of coefficient alpha 0.89. The research scenarios were also extracted through a questionnaire with the validity of future research specialists. Five indicator educational-research system reform appropriate to acquire the skills and application of modern technologies, focusing on the development of skilfully and innovative human resources, presentation of business management courses in all orientations of agriculture, interacting different orientations in agricultural and integrating their knowledge and skills, and interacting with centers technology production and transfer were key indicators of the research. Of the eight scenarios exchanger from the Senariowizard software, two scenarios favourable situation, two scenarios midway situation scenarios and four scenarios critical situations will be in the future of agricultural higher education. Finally, based on the research scenarios, strategies were presented to achieve the desired conditions.

The main purpose of this descriptive correlational research was to analyze the impact of social capital in developing a shared vision for agricultural entrepreneurship improvement. The population included 152 members of cooperatives in Kermanshah Township. A random sampling method was used to select 110 respondents. The main instrument was a questionnaire that Panel of expert method was used to verify its content and face validity. AMOS software was used to test the fitness of data in structural equation modeling. Multivariate Analysis of Variance was utilized to identify the effect of shared vision on social capital. The findings confirmed the significant relationship between shared vision and social capital indicators (including trust, norms, and networks) in development of agricultural entrepreneurship.

Rural development expertise, apart from policies and strategies of macroeconomic development, believe special payment is necessary on the development of rural areas and widespread poverty eradication them. Why so economists believe the most important factor of economic development of rural areas and the agricultural sector is related to poverty alleviation, and politicians believe that, this would be key strategy to prevent social harms in rural areas. Given that one of the important sectors in rural development, is entrepreneurship development in agriculture. Based on this review analytical, aims to evaluate the approaches and models of entrepreneurship development, including: Economic approaches, psychology, sociology, cognitive and ecological (compilation) and entrepreneurship development models; then presentation and explanation of the approach and appropriate model of agricultural entrepreneurship development is conducted. The analysis showed that ecological approach, with a multidimensional perspective and Global Entrepreneurship Model of entrepreneurship not as an absolute model; but based on spatial differences will be appropriate for the development of entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector.

Requirements of agricultural production cooperatives development as one of the important context of entrepreneurship, Concurrent with the development of their is human capital enhancement. One of the most fundamental of the situation in order to provide enhanced, deeper attitude of the importance of personality factors are members of cooperatives. Based on the purpose of this study was analysis of personality factors effecting of production cooperatives success (off-season products) in Kermanshah Province, in order to focus on improving these factors, by path analysis. The methodological approach in the study was a descriptive-correlation and the survey was conducted. 220 members of the production cooperatives, a stratified random sampling as the sample, were selected. Information gathered through questionnaire, and validity of the instrument was done by a panel of expert. The reliability of questionnaire was done by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.87). Data analysis was done SPSS. Results of the path analysis showed, complicated communication between these variables which was in turn showing the assumption of the absence of a simple communication and showed, personality factors, in addition, direct effects, has also indirect effects via social-cultural factors, management factors, economic factors, in success of production cooperatives. Based on results, spirit of flexibility has the further indirect effect and the least direct effect on the contrary; interest to produce has the further direct effect on production cooperatives success.Total effect indicating the important role of personality factors in success of production cooperatives.

Aim and Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents is one of the most important complications of general anesthesia. Prevention and specially management of this complication are still both challenging subjects for all anesthesiologists. In this case report beside case presentation we will discuss about comprehensive guidelines for prevention and management of this event.Case report: This study presents a case of milk aspiration in a 6-year-old boy during induction of anesthesia for an elective surgery, which occurred because of incorrect parent-reported information about fasting time of the child. The operation has been continued after appropriate interventions and drainage of the milk. After the operation, he was extubated in the operating room and then was moved to the recovery room with O2 saturation of 95% on room air. After two day's stay in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), the patient was transferred to the pediatric ward with stable physiologic conditions.

The purpose of this research was to identify and prioritize factors influencing the development of agricultural cooperatives. All agricultural cooperative members (N=88) were included in this study. They were selected through simple random sampling method. Data were collected using an instrument developed by the researchers to accomplish the objectives of the study. Face and content validity were established using a panel of experts. The reliability of the instrument was determined through chornbach's alpha Coefficient (0.85). The data were examined by using AHP technique (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and Expert Choice Software. Based on the results, educational factor was the main factor by ratio of 425 and the personality factor by ratio of 355, social-cultural factor by ratio of 329, management factor by ratio of 275 and economic factor by ratio of 204 were the most important factors for development of agricultural cooperatives in Iran, respectively.

Maintenance relationships customers، suppliers and the community are of key factors، maintenance work positive relationshipsin cooperatives. If ownership and structureof cooperativenot entitle of protection and support cooperationculture،will endanger overturning. Based on the purpose of this study was analysis of social-cultural factors effecting of production cooperatives'' success greenhouse in Kermanshah Province، in order to focus on improving these factors، by path analysis. The methodological approach in the study was a descriptive - correlation and the survey were conducted. 220 members of the greenhouse production cooperatives in KermanshahProvince، a stratified random sampling as the sample، were selected. Information gathered through questionnaire، and validity of the instrument was done by panel of expert. The reliability of the questionnaire was done by chornbach''s alpha coeffient and result was 0/82. Factors effecting were analyzed with path analysis، using Factor Analysis extraction and factors that exist in social - cultural factors، managerial factors and economic factors، by applying SPSS Software. The results showed that the social – cultural factors have indirect effects in addition to direct impact on success of production cooperatives through managerial and economic factors. The general effects showed the significant role of social – cultural factors on success Production cooperatives.

Education in a cooperative, as a basic infrastructure has an important role and effect on the activities of cooperatives, from various aspects. Thus, the purpose of this research was to study the role of educational factors effecting success of greenhouse agricultural cooperatives (GAC). Statistical population of the study consisted GAC producers in Kermanshah Province. Stratified random sampling was used to select 220 members of these cooperatives. Information gathered through questionnaire, and validity of the instrument was done by a panel of expert at the department of Agricultural Education and Extension and cooperative officers. The reliability of questionnaire was done by Chornbach's alpha coeffient (α=0/90). Data analysis was done SPSS. Results of path-analysis showed, complicated communication between these variables which was in turn showing no significant correlation between them, and educational factors. In addition, direct effect, has also indirect effects via personality factors, social-cultural, management, economic in success of GAC producers. Total effect indicating specific role of educational factors in success of greenhouse agricultural cooperatives.

Educational dropout can always waste costs, reduce scientific level and efficiency of graduates which per se leads to sometimes irreversible losses to a society. Hence, this study aims at the causes of educational dropout and ways to tackle such problem based on indices of probation, withdrawal and education cancellation. This investigation has been carried out using descriptive-cross-sectional method on agricultural extension and training students from 1383 to 1386. Information was obtained based on studying the files and using valid and reliable questionnaire. Findings showed an academic dropout rate of 15/45% which as perceived from the perspective of students is linked with educational, personal and environmental factors. Therefore, it is recommended to pay attention to designing educational programs and performing them, revision of ways to promote training quality, training methods, training centers and educational consulting and holding workshops on boosting selfconfidence, interest and motive for students and modifying teaching methods and evaluation methods for faculty members.

The goal of the present study is to find the gap between the existing and desired situation on the basis of factors affecting the success of cooperatives. It is a descriptive, cross-section survey of 220 cooperative members. The results of Wilcoxon test indicated a significant difference between the two situations. To enhance the existing situation special attention should be paid to socio-cultural, personality, technical, management, training and economic factors. In addition, in each factor we should consider some issues as follows: Socio-cultural factor: Belief in the philosophy of cooperation, communication with other cooperatives and using their experiences, enhancing the work knowledge, and generating the spirit of collaboration; Personality factor: innovation ability, risk acceptance, entrepreneurship spirit, interest in and motivation for productive work, and flexibility;Training factor: entrepreneurship communication skills, technical skills, collaborative skills, familiarizing with cooperative skills, internship, informing of new technologies, and informing the engineers;Management factor: managing the production and marketing, human resource development, manager accountability, management of threats and opportunities, considering the community views, skills, experience and education of executive manager, organizing, and authority;Economic factor: long term investment, appropriate marketing, facilitating the access to loans, and economic participation.

The present research, has been carried out with the goal to examine the realization of objectives, and identification of strengths and weaknesses and modification of "organizing, training, and support project for rural women to cultivate button mushrooms ". It was a descriptive and cross sectional study of 97 women producers. The data were collected by a questionnaire and interview. The results indicated that variables such as training, financial support, income generation along the household, productivity of local facilities, the provision of food and welfare for the family, affecting the economy of family and society were desirable objectives that were achieved by the project. The publications and training films acted weakly, therefore a modification was recommended. Among the problems, concerns about the lack of financial support and problems from temperature control during the summer can be mentioned. Therefore the continuity of financial support for several periods and a more precise planning for cultivation were recommended.