فهرست مطالب شهناز دلبرپور احمدی

Some cardiovascular diseases can be prevented by identifying the risk factors such as smoking, unhealthy diet and obesity, physical inactivity, high blood pressure, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. The present study aimed to determine the predictors of preventive nutritional behaviors of cardiovascular diseases among women referred to community health centers of shahid beheshti university of medical sciences based on the health belief model in 2017. In this descriptive-analytical study, 370 women aged 15-49 years referred to health centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were selected by multistage sampling. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire based on health belief model constructs. The questionnaires were completed whithin a month and data were entered into SPSS-16 software. Then, data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test and multiple regression analysis. The mean (SD) age of participants was 35.9 (8.1). Decreased mean (SD) of perceived barrier structures 56.6 (13.4) (P<0.001), and increased perceived self-efficacy 81.8 (11.9) (P=0.04) and perceived susceptibility 76.1 (13.3) (P<0.001), improved protective nutritional behaviors of cardiovascular diseases with a mean (SD) score of 70.8 (10.9). The study showed that decreased perceived barriers and increased self-efficacy and perceived susceptibility improved the preventive nutritional behaviors for cardiovascular diseases among women. In addition, perceived barriers were also the most prominant predictor of preventive nutritional behaviors of cardiovascular diseases among women.

In Iran, HIV prevalence in sex workers is reaching to an epidemic, but still consistent use of condoms is low. This qualitative study aimed to assess barriers to condom use in female sex workers (FSWs). We conducted individual in-depth interviews with 40 FSWs and 12 partners in the year 2010 in Tehran. The FSWs were purposefully selected from four different groups based on the level of socioeconomic status and history of using substance. Findings were extracted and coded manually and the responses of the groups were categorized and compared. Almost all FSWs had not used condoms regularly in the past six months. The main barriers of condom use were: lack of awareness of the modes of transmission of HIV and prognosis of the disease, doubt on the role of condoms in preventing sexually transmitted diseases and HIV, fear of violence or rejection by male customers, reluctance of sexual partners to use condoms due to diminution of sexual pleasure, and believing in health of some customers. Increasing awareness of the FSWs through education about HIV, ways to prevent the disease and empowering them on negotiating skills to use condoms as part of harm reduction programs are recommended.

Under 5-years mortality year is one of the most important indicators of development and health in the countries. Therefore, generating accurate picture of child mortality in order to evaluate the death causes and identifying the avoidable factors for designing the interventions and preventing similar death is necessary. The present study aimed to investigate the causes of deaths in 1 to 59 months children in the area covered by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2012. In this descriptive cross-sectional study that conducted from March 2012 to March 2013, all of 1 to 59 months children deaths in the area covered by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were investigated. Required data was extracted from registration forms of the child health office of ministry of health and medical education. The total number of deaths in 1 to 59 months children was 383. The highest frequency of death was observed in the children who aged between 1 to 12 months (57.8%). More than half of the children who died were boy (52.5%). Totally, the most common causes of death were congenital and chromosomal abnormalities (17.5%), injuries (15.4%) and cancers (11.2%). Based on the results, designing interventions such as genetic counseling in high risk couples, training of the parent and children for prevention of injuries and public awareness about the warning symptom of the cancers and respiratory system disease in order to reduce the children deaths is essential.

The aim of the present study is to assess the specific needs of female substance abusers in the treatment of addiction، in order to contribute to the development of plans and policies aimed at improving services to the mentioned group.

62 women with substance dependence and three service providers، from “Chitgar” and Khaneh Khorshid” treatment centers، participated in this qualitative study. The participants were interviewed during seven sessions of focused group discussion as well as 23 sessions of in-depth individual interviews. Data were gathered using a directory list، and the topics of the list were established based on discussions with the authorities of the mentioned centers، as well as text assessment. The problems of addicted females were divided into general problems، problems related to the treatment period، and post-treatment problems. Also، two separate lists were designed for single and married women. Sessions and interviews were continued to the point of data saturation.

Most women considered social stigma، humiliation، family rejection and severe poverty as their major problems. More than one fourth of the subjects were homeless and more than half had experienced physical or sexual abuse in the past. Insufficient numbers of female physicians and the lack of health consultation and education، unsafe environment and inadequate health and welfare facilities، were among the most important limitations. There was also a shortage of psychosocial services، including shelters، vocational activities and care for children in both centers.

The expansion of services specifically geared to women’s needs in general، and psycho-social services in particular، is an absolute necessity for the successful treatment of addiction in women.

In 1380, there were 3,761,000 drug users. They included 1,158,000 addict and 1,390,000 drug abusers. In Iran, around 65 percent of drug dependent men are married. In spite of the important role of their wives in the family, the problems of this group have not been investigated yet. This study aimed to determine their problems. According to the opinion of these women social problems are the most important. Therefore this paper discusses their social problems in order to assess necessary social supports. A qualitative study was designed based on focus group discussions (FGD) and in depth interviews. A total of 20 addict men from two age categories, 33 addict men’s wives from three age and education categories and several therapists selected from a referral drug abuse treatment center in the eastern district of Tehran. Information was collected based on open questions. These categories included social aspects, social and interpersonal relationships, satisfaction with the relationships and family security. Four categories of social problems were found in the 6 FGD and 15 in depth interviews. These categories included social aspects, social and interpersonal relationships, satisfaction with the relationships and family security. Social rejecting and labeling were expressed by most of the interviewed persons. Most of them declared that their relationships had been limited. In most meetings women took part without their husbands and their relationships were restricted to persons who were accepted by the addict husband, such as other addicts and drug dealers. On the other hands, the family security has been threatened by the addict husband, neighbors and other people in society. At the same time, most husbands were not aware about such problems. Wives of addict men are one of the disadvantaged groups of the society. Destigmatization of the families, involving the families in self help groups and providing needed social services are recommended.