فهرست مطالب شهین ریوفی

Coronavirus epidemic, along with other countries around the world, in Iran, also raised the need for social distancing and home quarantine. As a result, the continuation of face-to-face education was disrupted and virtual education was chosen as a strategy for not stopping education in schools and universities. Alternatively, virtual education was adopted in order not to stop education, thereby causing new challenges for students and universities. This qualitative study aimed at investigating the experiences of university professors of the problems of virtual education during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis. The aim of this study was to answer the question “What is the experience of university teachers about the challenges of virtual education during covid-19 pandemic?”. Participants were 24 university teachers in different fields whom were selected with purposeful sampling. Teachers of different disciplines at the university with a master’s degree or higher who also had at least three years of teaching experience were included in the study. Semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions were used to collect data. Analyzing data was done through conventional content analysis with Lundman and Graneheim methods with Maxqda.

The descriptive results of the study revealed that the age range of the participants was from 30 to 50 years old. 62.5 percent of the teachers were female. Their teaching experience varied from 3 to 26 years. In terms of academic degree, 58 percent were assistant professor, 20 percent were instructor, 16 percent were associate professor, and 6 percent were full professor. Additionally, 66 percent of them were teaching at state universities. The results obtained from the qualitative part of the study included Technology-related problems with 3 subcategory, Problems with the teaching process with 5 subcategory and Poor interaction with 3 subcategory.

Due to the long closure of universities and the long-term use of e-learning Managers and policymakers in the education system need to design programs to address these issues.

Internship through mentorship method improves clinical education in nursing. Due to numerous problems in implantation process of the mentorship plan, this study aimed to explore and explain strategies to improve the mentorship plan. This qualitative study with content analysis approach was performed in educational hospitals of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences in 2013. Eleven last semester nursing students and six head nurses were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured in depth interview. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and then data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis by Lundman and Graneheim method. Data were classified into three main categories and nine subcategories: mentor-related factors (mentor’s personality traits and capabilities in clinical training); factors related to hospital personnel (justification for mentorship program, nurses as role models, and inter-professional relationship); and management factors (evaluation method, case-based division of labor in nursing, provision of welfare facilities for students, and proper planning for implementation of the internship). The mentorship plan can be enhanced by considering scientific and general qualifications of the mentor, the role of hospital personnel in professionalization of nursing students, and proper management in implementation of internship programs.

Using modern methods of teaching can increase critical thinking skills and confidence of students. This study aims to assess 'team effectiveness design' on critical thinking, confidence and learning of nursing students. In this study 52 students of the first two semesters of Nursing and Midwifery School of Khoramabad were studied over two semesters. Before and after implementation of teaching method a questionnaire was used to measure student’s confidence, performance and critical thinking. In both groups, the mean score of critical thinking after the intervention increased. The score of critical thinking before and after lecture was significantly correlated (P=0.001). The confidence score after conduction of team performance was enhanced. There was no significant relationship between the scores before and after intervention in terms of performance (P=0.5). Test score increase after the intervention (P=0.001). Modern methods of teaching, learning and deepening it, is possible through ''team effectiveness design". The method led to the development of critical thinking, increase confidence and satisfaction.

Although intravenous injection is nowadays one of the common invasive procedures in medical care، but like any other procedure، it has a lot of side effects. Phlebitis is the most common complication and one of the therapeutic aims is to prevent it.

The aim of this study was to compair the effect of Clobetasol with Nitroglycerin ointment on the prevention of superficial IV Catheter induced phlebitis.

This clinical trial study was conducted on 144 patients admitted in men surgery ward in Arak Valiasr hospital in 1392. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups: Group A (Clobetasol)، Group B (NTG) and Group C (Control). Severity of phlebitis was measured using the standard visual rating scale. In intervention groups، after venipuncture، ointment were administered on the distal portion of IVcatheter and the area was dressed. The venipuncture area was assessed 24، 48 and 72 (hrs) after venipuncture. Data were analyzed by chi-square، Fisher''s exact and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests and using spss19.

There was no significant difference among three groups in terms of severity of catheter induced phlebitis in the first and second measurements. In the third measurement there was a significant difference among intervention and control groups (P < 0/007) and the severity of catheter induced phlebitis was reduced more in NTG group comparing Clobetasol group.

The use of Nitroglycerin in prevention of superficial، IVcatheter induced phlebitis is more effective than Clobetasol. It is suggested that Nitroglycerin can be administered to prevent phlebitis in patients who need to have IVcatheter for a long time (over 48 hours).

Faculty's theoretical teaching quality is one of the main affecting factors in their academic performance evaluation and it is very important to evaluate it by an appropriate tool. Therefore, we decided to identify the best criteria (evaluation items) for designing a new improved tool by considering the viewpoints of all stakeholders based on E. Glassick's principles of scholarship. This research was a cross-sectional study which included all teachers, 420 students and 3 managerial staff of educational system of Lorestan university of medical sciences. Data collection tool was a two-part questionnaire for gathering demographic characteristics and included 22 items of the previously used evaluation form A. The attitude of stakeholders was assessed in Likert scale. SPSS was used for data analysis. Based on the results, necessity of evaluation of teaching quality of faculty members by students was confirmed by 42% of the participants. Based on the viewpoints of the participants, proficiency on teaching subject, on time attendance at classroom, programmed usage of class time and exemplification of teaching subject by applied examples are the most important items in assessment of teaching quality. Majority of stakeholders were agreed with the appropriateness of facultie's teaching quality evaluation by students, but they agreed with the weakness and omission of some items of evaluation sheet. By choosing the best items of the current evaluation sheet and modifying them based on Glassick's principles of scholarship, a new questionnaire including 16 items was designed to evaluate the theoretical teaching quality of faculties.

Teacher's evaluation is a process to assess the effectiveness of teaching activity and to promote its quality. If it is done properly, it can reflect the teacher's education quality and can be exploited to improve it. For assessing theoretical teaching quality of teachers, we use a special form (A) with 22 items. Previous evidence indicate that all its items are not appropriate, so we decided to determine weak and strong items of this form in Lorestan university of medical sciences. This study was a cross-sectional research. Study sample included 120 persons of faculty members and 420 students of Lorestan university of medical sciences. Demographic data was gathered by a questionaire. The approperiateness of the evaluation form items was assessed by participants from very approperiate to very inappropriate in likert 5 levels scale. Data was analyzed by descriptie statistics. 96 teachers, and 340 students participated in the study. 62.5% of faculty members declaring that teacher's leadrshiping ability in the class, and 70.3% of student declaring the importance mastery on teaching subject, on time attendance at classroom, and teacher's ability of leadershing in class were the best items for evaluating teaching quality. Assessment of teacher educational quality by students is considered by many faculty members and students as an acceptable approach. But, they think many items of evaluation form are not completely approperiate and should be modified. So it is recommended to revise its items by considering the six standards of scholarship in teaching and the opinions of stakeholders.

The promotion of health and economic status in all over the world, resulted in increasing the older population increases. Therefore injury is common.the most widespread cause of physical injury in people aged 60 and above is fall. It happens in the home during every day activities. Fall is the leading cause of injury-related deaths among the very elderly People. Studies show as much as 60% of falls taking place in the home, 30% occur in public places, and 10% occur in health care institutions. This study was done to determine Fall causes of elderly in Alligoodarz in 2006. this research is a descriptive study. Participatants were 210 old age(60 years up) in Alligoodarz city. The necessary information collected by a two parts questionnaire by interview. The collected data were analyzed by spss ver13.Of subjects 137(65/2%) were female and 73(34/8%) were male. In women population 93% were housewife and in male population 34% were farmer, 78% were married and 13% were widowed. mean age was 71 years. In overal, falls resulted in a fall related injury, 24% in a serious fall related injury, 13% resulted in fracture. The place of falls were stairways 30%, kitchen 27%, rooms 18%, bathroom 13%, courtyard27% and street15%. Falls is a major public health problem of older people. Therefore identification of connected factors is vital for developing both preventive and treatment programs. Most sample had fallen 1-3 times in years ago. Fall causes were visual problem, weakness body, and skeletal-joint disease. trauma Place was hallways and kitchen.

Coronary heart disease is a common disease after adolescence. Strong epidemiological evidence is available that iron is an important factor in coronary artery disease. Therefore this study was done to assess the relationship between iron stores and coronary artery disease. 208 subjects with cardiovascular disease were included in the study. Personal information was collected by a questionnaire, and blood samples were taken to measure HB, HCT, TIBC, ferritin and iron. 110 (52.9%) of participants were female and 98 (47.1%) were male. Average age of participants was 63.5. Average ferritin level in males was 127.41µg/ml and in females was 108.214 µg/ml. Iron level in males was 93.70 µg/ml and 84.71 µg/ml in females. Results showed a significant correlation between age and ferritin and iron levels. The findings indicate that high age is associated with an increase in iron stores. This phenomenon has been linked to several common diseases, such as cardiovascular disease. Therefore, our results indicate that high iron level a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.