فهرست مطالب شکوفه نوری

Non- alcoholic fatty liver is a disease that will lead to liver cirrhosis if not treated. Curcumin is the active substance of the rhizome of the turmeric plant, which has antioxidant, anti- inflammatory, antimicrobial, etc. properties. In the present study, the effects of curcumin analog on the expression of SIRT1 and FAS genes and the accumulation of triglycerides in fatty HepG2 cells (fatty liver model) have been investigated.

In this experimental study, after cultivating HepG2 cells in the right medium and conditions, the MTT test is used to choose the right dose for curcumin and it’s analog. After oiling the cells and treating them with the desired compounds, RNA was extracted and cDNA was made. Then, in order to investigate the effect of curcumin and its analog on the expression of SIRT1 and FAS genes, Real- Time PCR was used. SIRT1 activity was measured using a fluorometric kit and intracellular triglyceride levels were also measured using a triglyceride detection kit. And finally, the results were analyzed with t- test and one-way Anova statistical methods with p-value < 0.05.

As a result of the treatment of HepG2 fatty cells (fatty liver model) with Cur, the relative expression of SIRT1 gene (1.52 ± 0.8) and its enzyme activity (2.1 ± 0.7) increased significantly compared to the control group (for gene expression: 0.9 ± 1.79 and for enzyme activity: 0.8 ± 1.66). On the other hand, the relative expression of the FAS gene (0.6 ± 1.69) compared to the control group (0.8 ± 2.03), as well as the accumulated triglycerides in these cells, and has decreased significantly. Also, in the group treated with FCur compared to the control group, the level of SIRT1 gene expression (2.76 ± 1.16) and enzyme activity (3.2 ± 1.21) increased significantly, and the level of FAS gene expression (0.2 ± 1.1) decreased significantly compared to the control group. The increase in SIRT1 enzyme activity in the FCur group has increased more compared to Cur, and the decrease in FAS gene expression in the treatment of cells with FCur has been significantly higher compared to Cur. The reduction of intracellular lipid was somewhat higher in the treatment with FCur compared to the treatment with Cur. (In all evaluations, p-value < 0.01 for curcumin and p-value < 0.001 for its derivative).

It seems that curcumin analog (FCur) can be used as a medicinal supplement in the treatment of fatty liver, along with other common treatment methods, due to its wide range of pharmacological activities, including its effects on lipid metabolism in the liver.

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women. One of the causes of cancer mortality is the increased anti-apoptotic activity of cancer cells. Phytosterols are a group of natural compounds that inhibit the growth of various cancer cells through various mechanisms. Stigmasterol, as one of the compounds in the phytosterols group, has anti-cancer effects. In the present study, the anti-tumor and apoptotic effects of stigmasterol on the expression of MCL-1 and BCL-XL genes in animal models of breast cancer were investigated.

In our experimental study, 15 BALB/C mice in 3 groups were transplanted subcutaneously with a breast tumor. The first group received 6 mg/kg stigmasterol, the second group received 20 mg/kg cyclophosphamide, and the third group (control) received ethanol solution diluted with PBS (1:2) with intraperitoneal injection (IP). Tumor volume was measured for 10 days using digital caliper. Mice were then sacrificed and their tumor tissue was examined for changes in tumor size and the expression of BCL-XL and MCL-1 genes using real-time PCR.

Treatment of tumor mice with stigmasterol reduced tumor size (*p<0.05) and also reduced the expression of anti-apoptotic genes (MCL-1, BCL-XL) with a significant difference as compared to the control group (***p <0.001).

Our findings indicate the anti-tumor and apoptotic properties of stigmasterol and introduces new insights into the production of effective natural compounds in the treatment of cancer.

The incidence and prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases increase with life expectancy. Brain, for physiological and biochemical reasons, has a high sensitivity to oxidative stress. Therefore, maintaining the redox homeostasis is essential for brain cells. In addition, brain antioxidant levels are limited compared to other tissues. In this article, different mechanisms involved in the production of endogenous and exogenous reactive oxygen species and the role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases were discussed. Redox imbalance occurs when antioxidant capacity doesnt overcome free radicals, which can lead to tissue damage, cell death or disease onset. This article also reviews various molecular and signaling mechanisms involved in oxidative stress management in neurodegenerative diseases.
Although the induction and role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disease have been approved, its role in pathogenesis of some of the neurodegenerative diseases needs to be further investigated. It is possible that with antioxidant therapy, we could modulate oxidative status and prevent or treat these diseases.

Themajor objective of root canal treatment is to disinfect the entire root canal system, which requires that all contents of the root canal system be eliminated as possible sources of infection. This goal may be accomplished using mechanical instrumentation and chemical irrigation. To reduce or eliminate bacteria various irrigation solutions have been applied during the treatment. This research aimed to determine thecytotoxicity of calcium hydroxide powder as compared with calcium hydroxide reinforced with chlorhexidine. This study was carried out using on experimental-laboratory method on L929 fibroblasts based on cell culture and the direct effect of materials on cell line culture. The material to be tested were evaluated every 1,12,24,48and 72 hours by MTT(Metheyltetrazilium bromide) test.In this study L929 cells which not treated with any materials were used as negative control.The data related to the given materials were read by Elias(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) instrument. And then were analyzed with SPSS software and one-way ANOVA. Both materials in 0.016 up to 0.00025 concentrations suppressed proliferation. There was a significant difference in various dilutions and different time periods (1,12,24,48,72 hours)(p<0.05).Calcium hydroxide reinforced with chlorhexidineand calcium hydroxide powderin 0.016 concentration and 72 hour showed 75% and 45% cell cytotoxicity,respectively. Cell cytotoxicity of calcium hydroxide reinforced with chlorhexidine is more than that of other materials. Since calcium hydroxide reinforced with chlorhexidine have a higher antimicrobial effect,it is cautiously recommended as a sealing material between treatment(provided that it slightly penetrate to periapical tissues)

To evaluate interaction of salvigenin with DNA and the molecular mechanism of its anti-cancer effect. Salvigenin from Tanacetum canescens and DNA from calf thymus were isolated and purified. Then، salvigenin interaction with DNA in Tris buffer (0. 05 M، pH equal to 4. 7 and the temperature at 25 °C) was studied by different methods. Results and DNA absorption spectra in the presence of various concentrations of each of these ligands showed that the DNA with salvigenin has interaction and complex formation and the absorption wave length at 260 nm increased. Under the effect of changes in DNA uptake ligand showed structural changes. Also، using information obtained from the suppression with ethidium bromide of DNA complex by ligand skachard، above analysis indicated that the mechanism of suppression of publication is through non-competitive inhibition and it means that connecting mechanism of salvigenin is non-intercalated with DNA and probably through connection small grooves.