فهرست مطالب شکوه سادات حامدی

Sexual satisfaction is a person's positive evaluation of the sexual relationship. Decrease in sexual satisfaction is one of the common complaints of the postmenopausal period. Flaxseed is a phytoestrogen and contains lignan. The present study was conducted with aim to investigate the effect of vaginal cream of flaxseed and conjugated estrogen on sexual satisfaction in postmenopausal women.

This single-blind randomized clinical trial study was conducted in 2018-2019 on 60 married postmenopausal women aged 40 to 65 years referred to the clinics of Qaem and Imam Reza hospitals in Mashhad, Villa Shahr Health Center and the health center of Khalilabad city of Kashmar. The research units were randomly assigned in two groups of 30 people, vaginal cream of flaxseed and conjugated estrogen for 8 weeks. The intervention group received 4% vaginal gel in the form of one gram per day, and the flaxseed group received one gram per day for up to 8 weeks. Sexual satisfaction was calculated based on Larson's questionnaire before, 4 and 8 weeks after the study. Data analysis was done using SPSS statistical software (version 22) and Independent t-test, Friedman and Mann-Whitney tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The mean sexual satisfaction 4 weeks after the intervention was 24.2 ± 10.4 in the flaxseed group and 23.4 ± 12.1 in the conjugated estrogen group (P=0.576), and after 8 weeks, it was 37.7 ± 18.2 in the flaxseed group and 37.8 ± 18.3 in the conjugated estrogen group, which did not show a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.638).

Vaginal cream of flaxseed without any side effects compared to the side effects of hormone therapy can be as effective as conjugated estrogen vaginal cream in increasing sexual satisfaction.

Many women suffer from bloating and abdominal distension after cesarean section. This study was performed with aim to investigate the effect of Anethum graveolenseed extract on intestinal function after cesarean section.

This single-blind clinical trial study was performed on 80 cesarean section women in the hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Pregnant women were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received Anethum graveolenseed extract 4 hours after cesarean section. Intestinal function was measured before the intervention up to 12 hours after cesarean section. It was measured using visual scale of bloating, tape meter and check list containing the first time of hearing intestinal sounds, flatulence and excretion. For the control group, only the intestinal function was measured as the intervention group. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 24) and Mann-Whitney, independent t, Chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Mean of intensity of bloating was significantly different between the intervention and control groups (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in mean scores of abdominal distension (p<0.05). The mean time of hearing first intestinal sounds, flatulence and excretion after the surgery was significantly different between the intervention and control groups (p<0.001).

Consumption of dill seed drops improves the intestinal function after cesarean section.

Resistance of oral pathogenic bacteria to chlorhexidine mouthwash is increasing; therefore, researchers are looking for a replacement of chlorhexidine with suitable herbal mouthwash. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Plantago major (a native strain of Khorasan, Iran) with and without zinc oxide nanoparticles on Streptococcus mutans.

In this in vitro study, the samples were tested in two groups of hydroalcoholic extract of Plantago major leaves with and without zinc oxide nanoparticles. To determine the minimum bactericidal concentration and minimal inhibitory concentration, agar diffusion and broth dilution methods were applied, respectively. A concentration of 500 ppm zinc oxide nanoparticles with a 0.4 nm diameter was used continuously in all stages of the experiment. The materials used in this study consisted of a standard strain of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), chlorhexidine 0.2% as a positive control, and distilled water as a negative control.

The mean diameter of the growth inhibition zone was obtained as 15±1 mm for the hydroalcoholic extract of Plantago major leaves with zinc oxide nanoparticles at a concentration of 1.56 mg/ml. The same extract at the same concentration, however without zinc oxide nanoparticles, showed the mean diameter of growth inhibition zone of 7.67±0.57 mm. The results of the t-test were indicative of a significant difference between the two groups (P-value<0.001).

In this study, the antimicrobial effect of Plantago major leaves extract with or without zinc oxide nanoparticles was well established. This research is peculiar since it revealed the effectiveness of low concentrations of this plant in killing Streptococcus mutans.

One of the complaints of menopausal period is sexual problems and dyspareunia. According to Persian Medicine, Alcea has a moisturizing and softening effect. This study was performed with aim to determine the effect of Alcea herbal product on sexual function in postmenopausal women.

This double-blind clinical trial was performed in 2019 on 60 postmenopausal women with sexual dysfunction referred to Omolbanin Hospital in Mashhad. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups of treatment and placebo (n=30 in each group). Alcea vaginal suppository 5% or placebo was administered every night for 2 weeks and then every other night for 6 weeks. The FSFI (Female Sexual Function Index) questionnaire was completed at the beginning and end of the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 18) and Independent T-test, Man Whitney, Chi-square and Wilcoxon. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Mean score of all domains of sexual function increased after 8 weeks of intervention in the treatment group, which was significantly higher than placebo group. The mean total score of the questionnaire before the intervention in the treatment group reached from 17.45±5.25 to 26.21±4.01 (P=0.0001) and in the placebo group from 21.93±5.65 to 23.89±5.06 (P =0.001).

Alcea herbal product has a beneficial effect on sexual function in postmenopausal women, so it can be suggested as an alternative treatment.

Hydrocolloids, playing different roles including thickening, stabilizing, gelling and improving texture of foods, are among additives widely used for improvement of quality in food industry. Recently, demand for hydrocolloids with special functional properties has grown, so finding new sources of gums with proper attributes is of enormous importance. In this work, the effects of microwave and ultrasound power, time and temperature on the yield and quality of extracted mucilage from trehala manna were studied. The highest total amount of mucilage yield for microwave was found to be 54.99 % for 10.5 min of extraction at 90 W and 45◦C. It was observed that yield increased with an increase in microwave power and temperature. The highest yield (54%) for sonication was 150 W, time of 20 min in 60◦C.As a result, microwave extraction was selected as the optimal extraction method of trehala manna mucilage. The quality and quantity of sugary compound analyzed by high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection.

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by decreasing platelet count with the normal bone marrow and the absence of specific causes of thrombocytopenia. Corticosteroids are the first line of treatment and costly and complicated methods, such as splenectomy or immunosuppressive agents, are used as the second line of treatment. Alfalfa with scientific name of Medicago Sativa has warm temperament that traditional physicians have used as haemapoietic food from thousands years ago and its use with anticoagulants reduces their effectiveness. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of alfalfa syrup on platelet count in patients with ITP.

This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial that was done in Hematology Clinic Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. Forty patients were randomly divided into two groups of alfalfa syrup and placebo syrup. They received 5 cc of alfalfa or placebo syrup each 8 hours for 15 days. Blood samples were taken from patients before and at the end of treatment. Blood samples were taken for CBC, BT and platelet counts. The statistical method used was Paired-samples T test and independent-samples T test.

The results showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups in the laboratory tests at first, but after the intervention, the mean number of platelets and BT differences between the two groups was statistically significant (p=0.013 and p=0.018, respectively).

The use of a cheap and available vegetable as alfalfa can be effective in improving the platelet count in patients with ITP.

Vaginitis is a general term for vaginal disorders which is caused due to infection, inflammation or a change in the normal vaginal flora. Trichomonas vaginalis is the third most common cause of vaginitis. Antibacterial, antifungal and anti trichomoniasis effects of ferula have been shown by in vitro and in vivo studies. This study was performed with aim to compare the effects of ferula oral capsule and metronidazole oral pill on improving clinical symptoms of trichomonas vaginalis infection.

This clinical trial was performed on 70 non-pregnant women referred to gynecology clinics of Imam Reza and Ommolbanin hospitals due to vaginal infection symptoms in 2019. The subjects were placed in two groups: ferula and metronidazole. Trichomoniasis vaginalis infection was detected by wet smear test. Oral ferula capsule was prescribed to ferula group and oral metronidazole tablet to second group for 7 days. Data were collected by observation and interview forms. Data were analyzed by paired and independent t-tests, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Mcnemar and Wilcoxon tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The findings of the study indicated that improvement of clinical symptoms was 100% in the ferula group and 40% in the metronidazole group ( p<0.001).14 cases (40 %) of metronidazole group had drug side effects including digestive disorders (54.3%) and nausea (45.7%). In ferula group, none of cases showed side effects (p<0.001). Moreover, 19 cases in metronidazole group (54.3%) and all in ferula group (100%) were agree to reuse the medicine or to suggest it to others (p<0.001).
 

The improvement percentage in clinical symptoms caused by oral ferula capsule is higher than oral metronidazole tablet. Therefore, by performing further studies, ferula capsule can be a replacement for metronidazole in order to improve the clinical symptoms of Trichomonas vaginalis infection for.

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is an obstetric emergency condition being known as one of the most common causes of maternal mortality throughout the world. Prevention from this problem can reduce mortality and side effects. One of the plants suggested as an antihemorrhagic agent in traditional medicine is Plantago. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the rectal suppository of Plantago on postpartum hemorrhage rate in women at the risk of bleeding. This single-blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 70 pregnant women who were eligible for the study and referred to Umm al-Banin Hospital, Mashhad for vaginal delivery in 2018. In this study, the research population included high-risk women who, according to a prediction nomogram, had a chance of PPH with a score equal to or greater than 10. The participants were randomly divided into two groups of control and intervention with 35 subjects in each group. In both test and control groups, infusion of 30 units oxytocin in 1000 cc crystalloids was administered after delivery according to the hospital routine practice. In the intervention group, immediately after the expulsion of the placenta and fetal membranes and uterine massage, the first dose of rectal 120 mg suppositories of Plantago, followed by five doses with intervals of 30 min were given by the researchers. The amount of PPH was measured and recorded by weighing the blood bags and pads for 4 h after labor. All the data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 16. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Our findings showed that the mean of bleeding 4 h after delivery in the control group was 306.2±11.21 cc and in the test group was 253.3±14.23 cc. This difference was found to be significant (P=0.001). According to the results of the present study, rectal Plantago suppository can be recommended as an effective medication for decreasing PPH in women at bleeding risk. In other words, it can be applied as an alternative for reducing bleeding in women at the risk of bleeding.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women. Since no similar study was published so far to evaluate the symptoms and diagnostic model of the disease from the view of Iranian traditional medicine, therefore, this study was performed to adapt the symptoms and achieve the diagnostic model of PCOS from the view of Iranian traditional medicine in order to achieve the prevention methods and more effective treatment in these patients.
In this comparative study with content analysis approach, all signs and symptoms of PCOS from the view of classic medicine were collected from Textbooks of Obstetrics and various papers and 14 Textbooks of Traditional Medicine. Thereafter, the relevant codes were produced by the software program Max.Qda2. PCOS was classified based on these signs.
Given diagnostic criteria of PCOS in classic medicine and searching for signs associated with these criteria in Textbooks of Traditional Persian Medicine, extremely warm dystemperament or warm and dry in uterine, ovaries or in the whole body, extremely cold dystemperament or cold dystemperament with phlegm in reproductive organs or in the whole body associated with the concentrations of humors lead to the signs relevant to hyperandrogenism and menstruation disorder.
Based on the findings, two major patterns were proposed for patients. The first group included those who have "cold" and "humid" dominance while the second group consists of those with "heat" dominance in their temperament. Each group with respect to their temperament need to specific and different pharmacological or non-pharmacological treatments and strategies according to warm and cold degree of drug constituents.

Background and Lavender is a plant from lavandula genus (labiatae family) grows in south of Iran, south of Saudi Arabia and North Africa. Lavandula sublepoidota is an endemic species in Iran. The English name for this plant is Lavender. This herb is widely used in Iranian traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases, including neurological diseases, digestive and respiratory diseases, and is referred to as tonic. New studies have reported some of the therapeutic results of this plant. In this article discussed two categories of the studies.
This study was conducted using a review study. Traditional information of lavender, including nature, habitat, verbs and properties, was extracted by searching traditional Iranian references. Then, by study the new books and articles, the toxicity and use of lavender with the information extracted from the sources of traditional medicine were compared.
Comparison and adaptation of traditional findings and current studies indicate that lavender in traditional medicine sources can be one of the most important genera of Lavandula. This study could also be presented as an identification card for this plant.

Epilepsy is one of the most serious neurological disorders that due to chronic, often it requires long-term treatment. At the moment despite existence of many anti-epileptic drugs, side effects of these drugs and their restriction causes lack of access to appropriate therapeutic effects. Due to the increasing tendency of patients to traditional and complementary medicine, use of current treatments for epilepsy in the context of traditional medicine with a history of thousands years can be a good solution in this disease. In this paper we will evaluate the different treatments of traditional medicine and modern medicine; so that a combination of two methods, places a good solution in front of patients.
This study is a literature review and the work on traditional medicine literature that separately matters related to epilepsy and its treatments. On the other hand new papers and researches will be reviewed.
Regard the principles of hygiene is essential from the viewpoint of Iranian traditional medicine scholars for the treatment of epilepsy. The modification of lifestyle and dietary is recommended. The single and compound drugs are prescribed oral and topical forms, and finally manual practices such as bloodletting, cupping, massage and many oils are advised. While in modern medicine often oral medications and sometimes electrical treatments and surgery can be used.
Discussion & The use of oral and topical drugs of natural origin with common medications in the treatment of epilepsy can be considered as a complementary therapy and this would require further clinical studies.

Background and Iranian Traditional Medicine is a scientific school in the field of diagnosis and treatment has a long history. Obstructive disease and opener “Mofatteh” medications have a special place in Iranian traditional medicine. Scientists of traditional medicine had known the use of natural remedies with the mechanism of action and about treatment of obstructive diseases have provided different solutions. So according to the high prevalence obstructive disease (especially coronary artery and brain disease) in mortality and years of life lost, we decided to review the Iranian medical books and use from their opinions about Mofatteh drugs and their mechanisms. This study is an explanation review, after searching the original sources of traditional medicine, we extracted the “Mofateh” agents and based on the consensus and emphasis philosophers about opening of “Mofateh” drugs, every drugs have been given a point. The results of this study showed that the opening process, has directly proportional to the materia nature, especially the hot temperament.

Amla with scientific name" Phyllanthus embelica" from Euphorbiacea family, has widely been used in traditional medicine in India and Iran for the treatment of various diseases including gastrointestinal disease, neurological diseases, eye diseases, heart and this plant is named "Amolaj", repeated again and again in Traditional Medicine books and its fruit is the usage part.from Views of philosophers temperament is cold and dry and it is very astringent. In addition, in many compound drugs, including Itrifall drugs along with other medications are used to treat many diseases. This article introduce amla based on the properties of traditional medicine and new findings based on these properties,and matching these with Phytochemistry to demonstrate that the plant Phyllanthus embelica is amla in traditional medicine and can be considered as a certificate for this plant.

Background and Cough is a protective reflex, which is when the airways are irritated or blocked. Ibn al-Nafis in the third part of the Al-shamel book defined herbs which includes 82 chapters. The objective of this study is review all of medicines for treatment of cough in Alshaml book as one of the most comprehensive books on traditional medicine about herbs. This study is an explanation review of cough and our method was searching of keyword cough “Soal” in all of parts of this book. After reviewing in al-shamel book we found 98 simple or pure drugs contain: herbal, minerals and animal drugs, based on different types of cough in Iranian traditional medicine. Due to application rate, easy usage, low side effects and easy access we have removed animal and mineral drugs and herbals were selected for further study. every herbs, that has thinness property, wateriness and penetration, penetrates the pores of the membrane between the esophagus, trachea and bronchi, readily. And influence severely on chest organs. Classification method is mentioned based on a variety of different types of cough therapy. So, herbals that can be used to treat cough with different functions, are divided into eight categories: phlegmatic cough, cough with catarrh, violence cough, hot cough, dry cough, hot and dry cough, cool cough and miscellaneous. Undoubtedly, the essence of the herbs and actions attributed to specific form of them, in this book is more complete than the other traditional books. With reviewing of presented herbals in this book, and its therapeutic effects on various ailments such as cough, may be received a new therapeutic mechanism. Based on this protocol can be offered appropriate treatment depending on the types of cough.

History has seen many famous doctors during Iranian post-Islamic medicine that caused escalation of Medicine. Among them، Yousef-ibn-Mohammad- ibn- Yousef Heravi، known as Hakim Yousefi، is one of Iranian famous wises and physicians. Despite his great fame، there is little information about his life. He was a native of Khaff in Khorasan. He lived in Herat in 10th century. Then، He went to India because of fears Qizilbash. He has written many books including: versified book Alaj-al- Amraz، Jame- al- Favayed، Badaye-al- Ensha، six nessesary point of health book (Sette Zarooriyye)، booklet of Signs of urine (Dalael al-Bol)، booklet of Sign of pulse (Dalael al- Nabz) and many other books and booklets. Hakim Yousefi was an active doctor and gifted poet that introduction of him and his books can be contributed to the development of traditional medicine and pharmacy. One of his books is Riyaz-al-Advieh that is included two sections and a brief end. The purpose of this review was to introduce prominent physician and his books، specially Riyaz-al-Advieh to the fans of traditional medicine.