فهرست مطالب شیدا سوداگر

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment to increasing the emotional processing and self-efficacy of people with rheumatoid arthritis. The present research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population of this research was all people with rheumatoid arthritis in 2022-2023 from Loqman Hospital in Tehran. 60 people, as a sample, were randomly selected in 3 groups of 20 people (two experimental and one control group) using the purposeful sampling method. The emotional processing scale (EPS, Baker et al, 2007) and the general self-efficacy scale (GSE, Scherer et al., 1982) were used to collect data, as well as the 12-session protocol of schema therapy and the 11-session protocol of acceptance and commitment therapy were used for the intervention. The data were analyzed using variance analysis with repeated measures and Tukey's post hoc test. The findings showed that the schema therapy and acceptance and commitment groups significantly increased emotional processing and self-efficacy compared to the control group (p<001), and the schema therapy group performed significantly better in two dependent variables than the acceptance and commitment group (p<001). Therefore, using schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy can help to increase the emotional processing and self-efficacy of people with rheumatoid arthritis.

An increase in blood pressure in adulthood is associated with a decline in hope in hypertensive patients, and it seems that with the help of "Existential Group Therapy", hope can be improved in hypertensive patients. The aim of the present study was the effectiveness of "Existential Group Therapy" on hope in patients with hypertension.

The study method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of this research included patients suffering from high blood pressure referred to Atiyeh Hospital in Tehran in Autumn and Winter of 2022. Among them, 30 people were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly and with lottery assigned to the intervention group and the control group. Research instruments included demographic questionnaire and "Snyder Hope Scale". Content validity of the instruments was measured by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. After conducting 10 sessions of "Existential Group Therapy" for the intervention group, the data were analyzed in SPSS .24.

“Existential Group Therapy” had an effect on the subscales of pathways thinking and agency thinking (P=0.001) and had an increasing effect. The effect of time increased the subscales of pathways thinking and agency thinking (P=0.001) compared to the pre-test stage. The interaction effect of time*groups compared to the control group (P=0.001) was effective on the subscales of pathways thinking and agency thinking.

"Existential Group Therapy" was effective in increasing hope in patients with hypertension. It is suggested that in order to increase hope in patients with high blood pressure, "Existential Group Therapy" courses should be held for these patients along with drug treatments.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing emotional-behavioral organization, cognitive flexibility in students with learning disabilities and normal students in elementary school. The statistical population was all male and female students of the primary level of education in Alborz province in the academic year of 1401-1400 who were busy with their studies. In order to determine the sample size according to the number of observable variables in this research, sampling was done due to the spread of the Corona disease. and closing of schools, through an internet call on the social network of primary school students, was done by cluster sampling method and a total of 357 people were selected. And they responded to the behavioral-emotional disorder questionnaire created by Rutter (1964), and the cognitive flexibility questionnaire (CFI) created by Dennis and Vanderwaal (2010). Data were analyzed using independent t test. And in order to determine the reliability of the tool, Cronbach's alpha method was used. The results showed that there is a significant difference between behavioral-emotional organization among students with learning disabilities and normal students, and there is also a significant difference between the dimensions of cognitive flexibility between students with learning disabilities and normal students.

The treatment processes and complications of heart failure are associated with tension, mood problems, anxiety and feeling of hopelessness. Due to the importance of psychological health and hope in dealing with the consequences of the disease and the effect of mindfulness-based interventions on them, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy with acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological distress and hope in males with heart failure.

This research was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group on three-month follow-up. 45 males aged 35 to 55 with stage B heart failure in Isfahan city, were purposefully selected and placed in three groups of 15 (two experiment groups and one control group) by simple random method. Data were collected with depression, anxiety and stress scale, Loybond & Loybond's (1995) and Hope scale Snyder et al. (1991), in the three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The interventions performed for test groups. The control group did not receive any intervention. Data analysis was done with mixed analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test.

Findings showed a significant difference for depression, anxiety, stress and hope in both interventions compared to the control group in the post-test and follow-up (P˂0.05). Comarsion of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy with acceptance and commitment therapy showed a significant difference in the treatment of depression (P=0.005), anxiety (P=0.034) and hope (P=0.007). However no significant difference was observed for Stress (P=0.451).

Both interventions reduced depression, anxiety, stress, and increased hope in males with heart failure. Therefore the suggested treatments should be used in medical centers along with common medical treatments as complementary interventions. For anxiety problems, the preferred method is mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and for hope, mood and depression problems, acceptance and commitment therapy.

The use of existential group psychotherapy and mindfulness group therapy seems to be beneficial in improving the resilience and life quality of patients with hypertension.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of existential group psychotherapy and mindfulness group therapy on resilience and life quality in patients with hypertension.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up plan with a control group. The statistical population of this study included patients suffering from hypertension referred to Atiyeh Hospital in the second six months of 2022, and 30 of them were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to 1 intervention group and 1 control group. The research tools included a demographic questionnaire, the "Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (1989). After conducting 10 sessions of existential group psychotherapy and 10 sessions of mindfulness group therapy for the intervention groups, the data were analyzed by using the method of variance analysis with repeated measurements and in SPSS version 24 software.                                                                                                          

Results of the Bonferroni post hoc test indicate a significant difference between the averages of the experimental and control groups for resilience and life quality variables and indicate the effectiveness of existential and mindfulness therapies. These results show that existential and mindfulness therapies were effective on the variables of resilience and life quality in the experimental groups (P<0.01).

It is suggested that to increase the resilience and life quality of patients suffering from hypertension, courses of existential psychotherapy and mindfulness therapy should be held for these patients along with drug treatments.

Being overweight and obese in adolescence is associated with severe health effects during their lifetime The purpose of this study was to explain the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between family cohesion, stress, and quality of life with body mass index in adolescent girls

The current research was descriptive-multiple linear regression From among the statistical population of the research, 250 teenage girls were selected as the research sample using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, and finally, after dropping 50 people from the sample group, the data of 200 of them were analyzed. The tools of data collection included the Samani Family Cohesion Questionnaires (2001), Byrne and Mazano Stress (2002) Scale, the World Health Organization Quality of Life (1996) questionnaire, and the NAF Self-compassion (2003) inventory. For data analysis, structural equation modeling was performed using SPSS26 and AMOS24 software.

The results showed that the model of body mass index based on the quality of life, family cohesion, and stress with the mediating role of self-compassion has a good fit. It also indicated that family cohesion, stress, and quality of life did not predict body mass index in adolescent girls, But quality of life predicts body mass index in adolescent girls.

It seems that self-compassion plays a mediating role in the relationship of body mass index with family cohesion, stress, and quality of life in adolescent girls.

Hypertension is one of the most common and preventable diseases worldwide. The most effective way to control blood pressure is the patient's adaptation to self-care behaviors. In this regard, teaching the principles of self-care without considering the challenges of behavior change cannot be effective enough. Considering that most previous studies have been limited to self-care education, ignoring effective psychological approaches in behavior change, this study aims to design a blood pressure management protocol based on transtheoretical model and determine its effectiveness in patients with high blood pressure.

This study will be conducted in two stages. In the first stage, the management protocol of blood pressure will be designed based on the transtheoretical model using the literature review and expert panel opinions. Then the content of the educational package will be compiled. The second stage will include the intervention and evaluation of the effectiveness of the self-care protocol, self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life in patients with hypertension, which will be conducted through including two intervention and control groups. The information will be collected using questionnaires related to self-care, stages of change, quality of life, and self-efficacy. Data will be analyzed using SPSS version 22 software.

In Iranian society, adherence to treatment in patients with hypertension is low. Thus, implementing a self-care protocol based on the comprehensive theory of changing behavior such as transtheoretical model can be effective in improving self-efficacy, self-care, and quality of life in patients with hypertension.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing behavioral-emotional organization, problem solving in students with learning disabilities and normal students in elementary school. The statistical population was all male and female students of the primary level of education in Alborz province in the academic year of 1401-1400 who were busy with their studies. In order to determine the sample size according to the number of observable variables in this research, sampling was done due to the spread of the Corona disease. and closing of schools, through an internet call on the social network of primary school students, was done by cluster sampling method and a total of 357 people were selected. And they responded to the behavioral-emotional disorder questionnaire by Rutter (1964), and the problem solving questionnaire by Heppner and Kraskov (1987). The data were analyzed using the independent t test method. And in order to determine the reliability of the tool, Cronbach's alpha method was used. The results showed that there is a significant difference between behavioral-emotional organization among students with learning disabilities and normal students, and there is also a significant difference between the dimensions of problem solving among students with learning disabilities and normal students.

Type 2 diabetes is known as one of the most challenging and dangerous chronic diseases. In the present study, the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on psychological helplessness and psychological coherence of patients with type 2 diabetes was investigated. The current research was a semi-experimental with repeated measurement design, pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population included male and female diabetic patients aged 45 to 60 who referred to Karaj diabetes clinic in 2022. 40 people were selected by the available sampling method and randomly replaced in two groups of 20 people, test and control. The intervention group received metacognitive therapy for 10 sessions of 90 minutes. Data were collected from two groups using questionnaires of psychological helplessness and psychological coherence in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages. SPSS-25 software and mixed variance analysis method were used to analyze the results. The average difference of the components of psychological helplessness and psychological coherence in two groups of metacognitive treatment and control is statistically significant. So that the metacognitive therapy caused the average psychological helplessness components to decrease in the post-test and follow-up stages compared to the pre-test stage (P<0.001). Also, metacognitive therapy has led to a stable increase in the mean of psychological coherence components (P<0.001). Based on the results of this research, metacognitive therapy is effective in reducing psychological helplessness and increasing psychological coherence of patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, metacognitive therapy is useful for the problems of patients with diabetes.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of inhibitory control cognitive rehabilitation on hot executive functions: risky decision making and time perception in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The research design was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population includes male and female students between 7 and 12 years old in elementary schools of Tehran in the academic year 2020-2021 who were suffering from attention deficit/ hyperactiv ity disorder. Among them, 30 students were selected by purposeful sampling method and randomly placed in the experimental and control groups. The SNAP-IV Questionnaire, the Computerized Task Risk Analogue Balloon (BART) and the Time Reproduction Computer Task were used to collect information. For data analysis, using SPSS24 software, variance analysis method with repeated measurements was used. The results showed that there is difference in the perfor-mance of the experimen tal group and the control group in the components of: risky decision making and time perception for long-term intervals (P<0.05). However, compared to the control group, no significant difference was shown between the time reproduction component for short-term intervals in the experimental group. According to the results structured games aimed at enhancing interference inhibition and responding can improve hot executive functions, risky decision making and time perception (long-term intervals) in students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of schema therapy on eating styles and happy child and healthy adults Modes modes in obese people with binge eating disorder. The design of the current research was semi-experimental with a single case structure of ABA type. The statistical population of the study included obese women suffering from binge eating disorder who referred to a slimming clinic in Tehran in 2014-2016. The study sample consisted of eight obese women according to the inclusion criteria. Data collection tools included the Dutch Eating Styles Questionnaire (1986), the Young Schema Modes Questionnaire (2008) and a semi-structured interview. Schema therapy was implemented in form of 20 90-minute group sessions and 4 additional 45-minute individual sessions. The participants were evaluated 3 times in the baseline phase, 10 times in the intervention phase, and 8 weeks after the intervention, they were followed up 4 times every 2 weeks using the measurement tool. In order to analyze the data, the participants' scores were collected individually during the three stages of baseline, ten stages of intervention and four stages of follow-up, and then by using the trend chart and interpreting the ups and downs of the scores. Participants were visually analyzed in different stages of baseline, intervention and follow-up. Then, by using the effect size indices, the percentage of non-overlapping data (PND), and the percentage of improvement and the valid change index (RCI), the effectiveness of the treatment was determined. The findings showed that in most of the participants, in the intervention stage compared to the baseline stage the scores of efficient modes; The happy child and healthy adult had an upward and increasing trend. For all the participants, The scores of emotional eating styles all people and external for most of them, and inhibited eating styles also had a downward and decreasing trend. Also, the RCI index scores indicated the stability of schema therapy results in the follow-up phase.

Background &

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women all over the world and at the same time, it is one of the most curable. These two characteristics, i.e. the prevalence and curability of this disease, have caused a large number of patients to be treated, have a long life span, and need support after diagnosis, during, and after treatment. Many women suffer from mental complications such as depression and anxiety after learning about this disease, and performing difficult treatments such as surgery and chemotherapy, each of which has specific side effects, aggravates these mental complications. Fear of cancer recurrence is considered a significant concern for breast cancer survivors. It is acknowledged that there is a connection between the fear of cancer recurrence and the states of anxiety and depression. Fear of recurrence is the fear or worry that the cancer will return or progress in the same organ or in another part of the body. Many patients are afraid of relapse and have to live with uncertainty. Fear of cancer recurrence has a functional impact on the lives of cancer survivors and their families. Fear of relapse is associated with lower quality of life and emotional health, higher mental and physical fatigue, and higher depression and anxiety in cancer survivors. In addition, body image is an important element in the quality of life of cancer patients. Today, due to the high and stable prevalence of cancers especially breast cancer in women, and their relationship with mental and social functioning defects effective and timely prevention and intervention programs for this special group of women. It is very important. In order to reduce stress and damage caused by cancer, both preventive strategies and therapeutic strategies are necessary. But so far, most of the investments have been made in the treatment sector. Since many women have breast cancer, clinical treatments are not able to cover all of them, so planners should invest more in prevention so that fewer women are affected by this traumatic problem. Among the other treatment methods that can be effective in improving the psychological symptoms of people with cancer and have received less attention from researchers, especially in Iran, is cognitive therapy based on mindfulness. This type of psychotherapy is derived from cognitive-behavioral treatments and is considered one of the important components of the third wave of psychological treatment models. Mindfulness is a process of having non-judgmental attention to internal and external events as they arise in the moment. Internal events include thoughts, emotions, perceptions, and bodily sensations, and external events include environmental, situational, and interpersonal experiences, mindfulness means moment-to-moment awareness of existing experiences. Many researchers have investigated the effectiveness of cognitive group therapy based on mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral therapy on psychological disorders resulting from cancer or its consequences. Considering the high prevalence of breast cancer among women and its increasing spread in many countries of the world, including Iran, and the stress that this issue causes people suffering from this disease, it is necessary to identify the factors related to it. Few researches have been conducted on the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based therapy on fear of recurrence and body image in patients with breast cancer in Arak, therefore, considering the high prevalence of this disease among women and its adverse effects. The main question of this study is whether cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based therapy affect the fear of recurrence and body image in women with breast cancer.

The current research design was a quasi-experimental type of unequal control group with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up, which was approved by the code of ethics IR.IAU.K.REC.1402.106 in the Islamic Azad University of Karaj branch. The current research design was a semi-experimental one with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The statistical population of the present study was women with breast cancer who were referred to treatment centers, clinics, and hospitals in Karaj city for treatment. The subjects were selected based on the voluntary sampling method in three groups of 15 people, based on the diagnosis and referral of experts according to the entry and exit criteria, which were randomly selected for the physical division of the subjects of each group into three groups. The statistical population of the present study was women with breast cancer who were referred to treatment centers, clinics, and hospitals in Karaj for treatment. Based on the voluntary sampling method, the subjects were matched in three groups: awareness, cognitive-behavioral, and control. To collect data, Kesh et al.'s (1986-1987) self-body multidimensional relationship questionnaire and fear of cancer recurrence were used. The mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral program lasted for 8 sessions and each session lasted for 90 minutes and about two months. To analyze the data, univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance and Ben-Ferroni post hoc test were used.

The results showed that cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based therapy have an effect on fear of recurrence and body image in women with breast cancer. Also, there is a difference between cognitive behavioral therapy and therapy based on mindfulness of the fear of relapse, and there is no difference between cognitive behavioral therapy and therapy based on mindfulness of body image and disease perception.

In general, it can be said that using cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness methods, it is possible to improve the fear of recurrence and the body image of women with breast cancer. The important limitations of the current research include the use of available sampling methods, the unisex nature of the sample, the large number of items in the questionnaires for women with breast cancer, the lack of examination of the type of treatment received, the use of self-reporting tools, and the limitation of the research community to women with breast cancer. did According to the results of the research, the researchers should use random sampling methods for sampling, conduct this research on men (for example, men with lung cancer), divide the questionnaires into two or more parts to reduce bias as a result of fatigue and examine the results by treatment type. Acceptance by women with breast cancer and the use of interviews to collect data are suggested. Another suggestion is to conduct this research on women with breast cancer in other cities and even other vulnerable groups such as women with obesity, women with diabetes, etc.

Adolescence is a sensitive period of dynamic changes in many systems, which, according to research, is important for dissatisfaction with body image, in the sense of a person's mental perception of the development of his body image. Investing too much on physical appearance, which is associated with mental preoccupation and emotional fluctuations, is one of the reasons for teenage girls' dissatisfaction with body image. Studies show the role of family cohesion, stress and quality of life in a person's body image, and there is a research gap in examining the body image of people who have more self-compassion.

This research was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between family cohesion, stress and quality of life with body image satisfaction in adolescent girls.

The method of the present study was descriptive correlation of structural equations type. The statistical population of the research included female students aged 12 to 24 years in Tehran in 1400, 250 of them were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method, and after dropping 50 people from the sample group, the data of 200 of them were analyzed. The data collection tools included five questionnaires: Family cohesion questionnaire (Samani, 2002), Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (Byrne & Mazanov, 2002), Quality of Life Questionnaire (World Health Organization, 1996), Body Image Concern Inventory (Littleton et al. 2005) and Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003). The analysis of the data collected using SPSS statistical software version 26 and Amos software version 24 is presented in two parts: descriptive findings and model analysis findings.

The obtained findings indicate that the model of body image satisfaction based on quality of life, family cohesion and stress with the mediating role of self-compassion in teenage girls has a good fit (P>0.05).

According to the findings obtained in the present study, it seems that self-compassion plays a mediating role in the relationship between family cohesion, stress, and quality of life with satisfaction with body image in teenage girls. The results of this research can be a guide for families and school counselors in order to promote self-compassion, family cohesion, quality of life and reduce stress in teenage girls and improve body image satisfaction.

It is important to provide psychological treatments to improve the resilience and quality of life of patients with hypertension. The aim of the present study is to determine the effectiveness of "Mindfulness Group Therapy" on resilience and quality of life in patients with hypertension.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up plan with a control group. The statistical population included men and women who referred to Atiyeh Hospital in Tehran with complaints of high blood pressure in the fall and winter of 2022, and 30 of them were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the intervention group and control group. Research instruments include demographic questionnaire, "Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale", "World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire" and "Mercury Sphygmomanometer". The content validity of the instruments was measured by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the reliability of "Mercury Sphygmomanometer"" by retest method with a time interval of 3 measurements on patients with high blood pressure. After conducting 10 sessions of “Mindfulness Group Therapy” for the intervention group, the data were analyzed in SPSS. 24.

"Mindfulness Group Therapy" was effective on resilience, quality of life and hypertension in the intervention group (P=0.001). The effect of time on resilience, quality of life and hypertension was effective compared to the pre-test stage (P=0.001).

"Mindfulness Group Therapy" was effective in increasing resilience and quality of life and reducing blood pressure in patients with hypertension. It is suggested that in order to increase resilience and quality of life and reduce blood pressure of hypertensive patients, "Mindfulness Group Therapy" courses should be held for patients along with drug treatments.

Diabetes is an important concern for health in the world, which in case of coexisting with anxiety, depression, stress, and an unhealthy lifestyle; it will increase the extent of its severity and complications. Modification of the lifestyle of people with diabetes can improve the psychological distress of the patients, and consequently, the prognosis of the disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the effect of lifestyle education based on the BASNEF model and the World Health Organization model on psychological distress in patients with type II diabetes. 

This extended semi-experimental multi-group study was conducted based on pretest-posttest design with a follow-up, as well as one control and two experimental groups. Three months after the post-test, all three groups were followed up. The statistical population included all patients with type II diabetes referred to the Endocrinology Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in 2021. From a list of 100 people with diabetes, 60 cases were identified, and then, 45 subjects were randomly selected and allocated into one control and two experimental groups. DASS-21 was used to collect the required data, and the obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 26) through mixed repeated measures ANOVA.

The results indicated the effect of both models on anxiety (P=0.001), depression (P=0.001), and stress (P=0.001), as well as the stability of this effect at the follow-up. Lifestyle education based on the BASNEF model reduced the amount of depression more (P=0.025), compared to the model by the WHO; however, the difference between the two groups was not significant regarding anxiety and stress.

The results indicated the effectiveness of both educational models and the superiority of the BASENF educational model in psychological distress among patients with type II diabetes. Therefore, lifestyle education as an adjunctive treatment in people with type II diabetes seems necessary.

Cold executive functions, working memory and cognitive flexibility are among the main cognitive functions that play a role in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Cognitive rehabilitation has been proposed as an efficacy and non-pharmacological treatment method in improving and promoting cognitive functions in a wide range of mental and behavioral disorders, but until now, the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation of inhibitory control on the cold executive functions of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder has been less studied despite the importance and necessity of improving and strengthening these structures.

The purpose of this study was to investigating the efficacy of inhibitory control cognitive rehabilitation on cold executive functions such as working memory, cognitive flexibility in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The research design was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up plan with a control group. The statistical population of the study included male and female students of 7-12 years of elementary school in Tehran in the academic year 2020-2021 who were suffering from attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The statistical sample included 30 students who were selected by purposeful sampling, they were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The SNAP Questionnaire (SNAP-IV, Swanson, Nolan and Pelham, 1980), the Computerized Previous Multiple Stimulus Test (N-BACK, Kirchner, 1958) and the Wisconsin Computerized Test (WSCT, Grant & Berg, 1948) were used to collect information. For data analysis, mixed variance analysis method with repeated measurements and SPSS24 software were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that there is a difference in the performance of the experimental group and the control group in the components of active memory and cognitive flexibility (P<0.05).

According to the obtained findings, it seems that structured tasks aimed at strengthening interference inhibition and response to improve cold executive functions, Working memory and cognitive flexibility help students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

According to the world health organization the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in our country and world will increase sharply by 2030. Improving glycemic control delays the onset and progression of diabetes complications.The purpose of this study was The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and emotion-oriented therapy on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients.

This experimental study was a post-test pre-test by control group. The statistical population of all people with type 2 diabetes who referred to Sabzevar Diabetes Clinic in 1398. 45 were randomly placed in three groups (mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, emotion-oriented therapy and control). Patients' blood glucose was measured using a fasting blood glucose. SPSS24 software and descriptive and analytical statistics (covariance) were used to analyze the data.

The analysis showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy had a positive and significant effect on glycemic control (P <0.05). Emotion-oriented therapy had a positive and significant effect on glycemic control (P <0.05). Both training methods mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and emotion-oriented therapy, there is no significant difference in post-test scores (P > 0.05).  

Considering the significant effect of methods mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and emotion-oriented therapy on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients, it is suggested to use these two methods to improving glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing lifestyle education based on the Bezenf model and the World Health Organization model on FBS, 2HPPBS, HbA1c in patients with type II diabetes.

The research method was a semi-experimental and multi-group expanded type with pre-test-post-test designs and a control group with a follow-up period. The statistical population of this research included all patients with type II diabetes referred to the endocrinology department of Imam-Khomeini Hospital in 1400. In this research, from a list of 100 people with diabetes, 60 diabetic patients who met the entry criteria were identified. Then 45 people were randomly selected and replaced by random replacement in two experimental groups and one control group. Each experimental group received group psychological interventions separately, and at the end, both groups were subjected to a post-test. The obtained data were analyzed using mixed analysis with repeated measurements.

The results indicate the effect of lifestyle education based on the Bezenf model and the World Health Organization model on FBS (P=0/001), 2HPPBS (P=0/001) and HbA1c (P=0/006) and the stability of this effect was in the follow-up phase. Also, compared to lifestyle education based on the World Health Organization model, lifestyle education based on the Bezenf model was a more effective method to reduce HbA1c in type 2 diabetes patients but the difference in the effect of the two groups on FBS and 2HPPBS was not significant.

The results indicated the effectiveness of both educational models and the superiority of the BAZENF educational model. Therefore, Lifestyle education based on the Bezenf model and the World Health Organization model can be used by therapists as adjunctive treatments in interventions for people with type 2 diabetes.

Inefficient coping styles and concern about body image are among the components that affect obese people with binge-eating disorders and lead to unhealthy eating behaviors. However, deep psychological interventions that focus on these components have received less attention. Considering that schema therapy is an integrated, deep, and effective treatment, the question of the current research is whether this intervention can affect coping styles and body image concerns in obese people with binge-eating disorders.

The purpose of the study was the effectiveness of schema therapy on coping styles and body image concerns in obese people with binge eating disorder.

The design of the current research was semi-experimental with a single-subject structure, including baseline, intervention and follow-up. The statistical population of the study included all obese women suffering from overeating who referred to a slimming clinic in Tehran in 2021-2022. The research sample consisted of eight obese women. The research tools were Young and Rygh's extreme compensation questionnaire (1994), Young and Rygh's avoidance questionnaire (1994), Fairburn’s eating disorder symptoms questionnaire (2008) and semi-structured interview and schema therapy protocol (Simpson, 2018). For data analysis, percentage of non-overlapping data, improvement percentage, valid change index and trend chart were used.

Indicators of improvement percentage, percentage of non-overlapping data, and reliable change index in the avoidance variable for the second, fourth, sixth, seventh, and eighth participants; In the variable of extreme compensation for the fourth, sixth, seventh, and eighth participants and in the variable of physical concerns, all the participants had a significant improvement in the intervention and follow-up stage (they had an RCI higher than 1.96), which indicates The efficacy and stability of schema therapy results.

Considering the effectiveness of schema therapy on extreme avoidance and compensation styles and body image concerns, it is suggested to pay attention to the physical components in the treatment of obese people suffering from overeating, to psychological components such as maladaptive schemas and coping styles arising from them.

the aim of This study was the impact of perceived social support on Adjustment to Illness with the mediating role of resiliency and marital satisfaction in infertile woman.

The research method was descriptive-correlational which was done using structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all infertile women who referred to infertility treatment centers in Tehran for the first time. 225 women were selected using available sampling method. Measurement tools were Perceived Multidimensional Social Support Scale (Zimet et al., 1988), Resilience Scale (Conner and Davidson, 2003), the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (Olson & Olson, 1991) and Adjustment to Illness Scale (Bisharat, 2001).

The results showed that perceived social support has a direct and significant effect on resilience (P = 0.0001 and β = 0.49) and marital satisfaction (P = 0.002 and β = 0.22). In addition, resilience (P = 0.0001 and β = 0.44) and marital satisfaction (P = 0.0001 and β = 0.33) had a direct and significant effect on Adjustment to Illness. Finally, the results showed that resilience (P = 0.01 and β = 0.11) and marital satisfaction (P = 0.03 and β = 0.09) play a mediating role between perceived social support and Adjustment to Illness in infertile women.

The results indicated that resilience and marital satisfaction play a mediating role in the relationship between perceived social support and Adjustment to Illness in infertile woman. Therefore, with the increase of these three variables, Adjustment to Illness also increases.

Obesity is a growing problem in human societies that is associated with many negative individual and social consequences; therefore, effective interventions need to be identified to reduce these complications. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of group therapy based on the transtheoretical model in early maladaptive schemas of women with obesity. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all obese women admitted to the clinics in Tehran in 2019. Of these, 30 women were selected based on inclusion criteria and available sampling methods and were randomly allocated to two groups: an experimental group and a control group, each containing 15 women. The research instrument was Yang's Schema Questionnaire. The group therapy based on the transtheoretical model was performed in the form of 28 90-minute sessions for the experimental group and no intervention was performed for the control group. A mixed ANOVA was performed in SPSS-18 was used to analyze the data. The results showed that group therapy based on the transtheoretical model had a significant effect on reducing the initial maladaptive schemas of women with obesity in the experimental group in the post-test and follow-up stages (p<0.005). Based on the research findings, it seems that the transtheoretical model has an effect on correcting the early maladaptive schemas of women with obesity. The findings of this study can provide practical implications for the treatment of early maladaptive schemas in women with obesity through treatment based on the transtheoretical model.

The present study was used to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment and reality therapy based on death stress and biomarkers of FBS and HbA1c in the elderly with type II diabetes.

The research design in terms of practical purpose in terms of the nature of a quasi-experimental study was pre-test-post-test with a control group and random assignment. From the community of elderly diabetic patients (type II) referring to specialized clinics of diabetic patients in Shiraz in 2020-2021, 60 people were selected by purposive sampling method and were replaced in 3 groups of 20 people. Participants in acceptance, commitment, and fact-based group therapy were trained in 8 sessions of 1.5 hours, and the control group did not receive any training. In order to test the research hypotheses, multivariate method and t-test were used for two independent groups.

The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy and reality therapy had a significant and lasting effect on death stress and biomarkers of FBS and HbA1c in the elderly with type II diabetes (P <0.05). Tukey post hoc test showed the difference between the mean stress of death and FBS and HbA1c biomarkers between the control group and the commitment and acceptance treatment group and the reality therapy group.

Acceptance and commitment and reality therapy can be used to reduce the stress of death and these therapies can be used to improve the biomarkers of FBS and HbA1c in the elderly with type II diabetes.

Generally, patients with type 2 diabetes experience low level of psychological well-being, which may exacerbate their symptoms .Accordingly, the purpose of this study is the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and emotion-oriented therapy on psychological well-being on type 2 diabetic patients.

This experimental study was of the post-test, pre-test and follow-up type with a control group. The statistical population was all the people with type 2 diabetes who referred to Sabzevar Diabetes Clinic in 2019. 45 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected based on Kuhn table and through convenience sampling method. They were randomly placed in 3 groups of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, emotion-oriented therapy and control. Data gathering tool was Reef psychological well-being questionnaire (2002). SPSS 24 software and descriptive and analytical statistics (covariance analysis) were used to analyze data.

The analysis of covariance showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and emotion-oriented therapy were affective regarding the psychological well-being of type 2 diabetic patients (p < 0.05). The post hoc scores demonstrated that there was no significant relationship (p > 0.05) between mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and emotion-oriented therapy regarding their efficacy. 

With respect to the wide variety of factors related to psychological well-being, authors can conclude that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and emotion-oriented therapy can improve the psychological well-being of type 2 diabetic patients.

Consequences of heart failure are along with experiencing more stressful situations for patients and increasing negative emotions in cardiovascular disease, is accompanied by a worsening of the course of the disease and in general, cardiovascular patients use more maladaptive and less adaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation strategies than the normal group; Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy with acceptance and commitment therapy on cognitive emotion regulation in patients with heart failure.

The design of this research is a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, control group and 3 months follow-up. The statistical population included all 35 to 55 years old males with heart failure who referred to medical centers in Isfahan in 1400.In this research, 45 people were selected by targeted sampling method to form 3 groups; and 15 people were randomly selected in the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group, 15 people in the acceptance and commitment therapy group and 15 people in the control group. The data were collected by Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Garnefski, Kraaij, & Spinhoven (2001); and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy Segal, et al. (2013) and acceptance and commitment therapy Hayes & Strosahl (2010) were performed for 8 sessions of 90 minutes for the experimental groups. Data analysis was performed by mixed analysis of variance with repeated measures using SPSS-25.

The results showed that in comparison with the control group, both interventions significantly reducing the use of maladaptive and increasing the use of adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (P= 0.05); Also, there was no significant difference between the effect of the interventions on cognitive emotion regulation strategies (P=0.05).

According to the results, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy can use to reduce the use of maladaptive and increase the use of adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in with heart failure patients and can use as effective complementary interventions along with medical treatments.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of defense mechanisms in predicting perceived stress based on attachment styles in patients with Covid-19. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all people in Tehran who were infected with Covid 19 in 1399, who completed the questionnaires online. 300 people were selected by available and voluntary sampling method. The research instruments included Collins and Reader attachment style questionnaires, Cohen et al. perceived stress questionnaires, and Andrews et al. Data analysis was performed by path analysis method. The results showed that the hypothetical model had a good fit and was confirmed. Also, the results of path coefficients showed that the path coefficient of immature attachment style to the defense mechanism was immature and psychotic, negative and significant. Also, the results of indirect path coefficient showed that the relationship between undeveloped defense mechanism and perceived stress with mediated secure attachment was significant. Thus, secure attachment style mediated by underdeveloped defense mechanisms predicted the perceived stress level of patients with Covid-19