فهرست مطالب شیرکو احمدی

The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the role of public spaces in the social sustainability of Sardasht city. The method was documentary-analytical and survey and the samples were selected using simple random sampling method. Findings were analyzed according to the users’ of public spaces opinions and by using SPSS ver.19.0 and Arc GIS ver.10.1 software. The results show that, furniture and safety facilities are moderate and low. Also from all the studied items; Sociability, activity and functionality, beauty and comfort and accessibility, respectively, quarters of Gerda Soor with (0.73), Sooy Barda Ghooch (0.62), Gerda Soor (0.81) and Gerda Soor and three-way Marghan (0.100) have the most deprivation and the quarters of Sarchaveh (0.98), Sarchaveh (0.93), Farhangian (0.96) and Ashan with (0.100) have the highest development. The results of correlation coefficient also show that the limitation of women's presence in public spaces with a coefficient of -0.163 and environmental pollution with a coefficient of -0.361 have a negative and inverse relationship and indicators related to the facilities of spaces, responsibility, sense of belonging, participation, security and social interaction have a direct and positive correlation coefficient.

Attention to the development of rural settlements of central and essential needs of regional and national development in any country is; because between rural and urban development, there is a basic continuity without a special look to this association, regional and national development will not be successful. Development of rural settlements and ongoing dynamic process that in addition to economic aspects, the non-economic aspects of the experts and scholars have been strongly emphasized and recommended. Among the most important emphasis, knowing the capabilities of rural settlements with particular attention to how to deal with the natural environment full and serious consideration to the size and rural environment are expressed in studies and planning. In this research that is done with descriptive-analytical and with field survey methods has attempted to measure biological limitations of rural settlements in the mountainous areas in the city of Sardasht. The statistical population of this research is villages with more than 50 families that their number are 856 families in which, 200 families were selected as sample. Findings of the study suggest that factors such as the high slope of the ground, the mountainous region, non-biological facilities, long distances from the center of town and countryside has created so many problems for residents and villagers of that region have been forced to migrate. Generally, there is a meaningful relationship between geographical factors such as the slope of the land, geology, access to educational levels and life pattern that has created special biological patterns for the villagers.

Assessment urban landsis, reflecting an illustrative image, in terms of urban landscape. The urban information consists of two kinds of data including spatial view and property descriptive data.
It consists of two types of data including spatial representation and property descriptive data. Spatial data generally and data related to revenue Survey and registering further lands and property, specifically are essential parts of basic infrastructures of a city.The objective of this study which is a result of achievements of property Survey chiefs by the author is completing and upgrading property database in the Sardasht city as case study.The statistical society constituted of Sardasht neighborhoods which two neighborhoods were selected among them. The research method has been based on quantitative methods in analyzing by using Arc GIS ver. 10.1.in this study we have tries that by means of available tools in GIS technology, investigate the issue of collecting and preparing geospatial data, as well as the dispersion of urban lands.
Based on conducted studies how the distribution of urban service providers like administrative, educational, health and green spaces centers...are not match with citizen’s requirements and has caused dissatisfactions for many of them.Also results indicated that there is difference between usages existing in the region with usages included in the detailed plan map of Sardasht. Therefore it can be possible to compensate lack of welfare services in the region by using military and desert lands and assign it to survive provider usages, increasing building floors and increasing density per unit area.

One of the topics studied in order to understand the city and its formation, the historic fabric of the city. Although these sites are in urban centers, most of their houses due to the instability of the materials used in them are to be destroyed and abandoned. Old texture, the concept of spatial and physical exhaustion, the product of affect and are affected between social processes and geographic space. The phenomenon of burnout in the tissues of the body urban context and its impact on social and economic activities. Therefore, the issue of urban distressed areas, one of the scholars of different issues and challenges of today's cities and city managers in the area led efforts to it. The study population was selected as the Sardasht city central core. This study aimed analytical approach and gather information on library studies, scrolling and in most cases directly on-site observations, the author studied and analyzed using the software SPSS ver.19.0 and Arc GIS ver.10.1 respectively.
The results show that the problem of the lack of inheritance, microlithic and impermeable central part of the study area are the most important factor in exhaustion. Also, the core of burnout indicators Sardasht exhaustion in the context of a significant positive relationship exists. According to calculations the old neighborhoods of stability is not a high level and Ashan old neighborhoods and the city of Sardasht Srchaveh are unstable. Until the global flow of the industrial revolution, very slow and subtle changes in urban communities and consequently, the Urban also faced with significant changes. Because of man-made artifact as well as other phenomena change over time, the evolution, growth and development. The aim of this study is to examine a sample of tissue near the center, with an area of 460277.3 square meters in the center of old town of Sardasht that using the GIS, identifying indicators of burnout, extraction and output maps to decide decision making and subsequent decisions is used.In general, the aim of this study was to analyze the physical-spatial structure of urban old texture and clarifying the problems of the city and offer solutions to solve these problems and achieving an optimal pattern for each of the applications studied in the neighborhood Sardasht city and to answer the following questions.What are the most important factors in the study area is exhaustion? General state of exhaustion desired range, based on the total indexes to identify damaged, how? Also, which of these indicators were more effective in the context of the target range are worn know? The research method is descriptive - analytical. The study area is the core of Sardasht includes Ashan and Srchaveh neighborhoods are the oldest neighborhoods. Data collection method based on library studies, scrolling and in most cases directly on-site observations, the author studied and analyzed using SPSS software and Arc GIS ver.10.1 been Ver.19.0.Forms authentication with the opinion of several experts and personnel of technical office verified the Municipality of Sardasht and all forms of audits by auditors completed and collected. By providing a thorough understanding of the properties of this layer of the old structure was obtained, then compare it with the whole city, statistics and more information was analyzed. Identify the criteria used in this study include: worn parts, size of property, burnout, use and durability. Given the size and quality of the environment in urban areas, the findings of the audit and completion of field work, the author, at the core of Sardasht is as below: was also the block pieces 1018 (54/66 percent) have less than 200 meters high microlithic which indicates the block has been studied in Sardasht city's central core. While 512 pieces (46/33 percent) over 200 meters in place that reflects the density and abundance of small pieces with a small area. As a result, one of the most important factors a sharp deterioration in residential neighborhoods tissues is microlithic parts. The output of the study show that between 1530 pieces, 719 pieces (99/46 per cent) of non-time-worn tissue and 788 pieces (50/51 percent) have been worn tissue which represents a significant deterioration in the tissues of the central core of the city of Sardasht is. Most buildings in these tissues are outdated or does not follow technical standards, So that their standard of well-defined exterior of the building. According to the table shown below the tissue physically not in good condition because a large percentage of tissue structures, they are old materials. The results show that the width of the streets in the neighborhood of 86/55 percent of infiltration and with a width of less than 8 meters. One of the main causes of the problems of the historic fabric in most places the needs of today's non-compliance with the old textures. Especially in terms of physical, fatigue and shortness of texture as a result of these passageways, access to services and facilities are not new. The results showed that the index of major materials and antiquity and quality buildings the most important factors affecting the intensity of Worn-out In this research is the study area and Ashan and Srchaveh neighborhoods in the study area are a high percentage of Worn-out. The results of the study indicate that (in order of efficacy percent in exhaustion), permeability index, microlithic and physical strength and inheritance are the most important factors in the study area exhaustion.
According to calculations the old neighborhoods of stability is not a high level and the old neighborhoods of the city of Sardasht are unstable Ashan and Srchaveh the following reasons:- the central part of the city, in addition to containing ancient heritage, the economic dimension is also important, as the market is the economic heart of the city, has increased the importance of this part of town.
- Central and spatial structure of the current traffic capacity is not large, so the pressure on the sector is growing.

The development of cities in mountainous areas is highly sensitive due to the geomorphologic and instability limitations of the slopes. Over the past few decades, due to the rapid growth of the population and the increasing urban-urban migration, attention to cities and their physical development has been considered as an essential element in many development programs at all national, regional and local levels. Because the lack of proper planning, cities have faced many problems, such as heterogeneous and heterogeneous growth, environmental problems, and so on. This research studies the challenges and barriers of physical development in Sardasht city. The research method is descriptive-analytic. The study of the physical development bottlenecks in Sardasht city has been studied over 40 years and during the period before 1981 to 2016. For this purpose, topographic and geomorphologic information layers were prepared using satellite imagery and field operations, and then, using Arc GIS ver.3.9, the physical development of the city was studied in different periods. The results show that the city of Sardasht faces a great deal of restrictions on the three directions of geographical location of west, north and east, and from the south there is a physical development on the land of agriculture and gardens. The results also show that from a total of about 3125782.1 square meters, 8.59 percent of the range of completely suitable places and 36.08 percent of the total study area included a completely inappropriate range. The above findings can provide managers of Sardasht city with the limits of physical development of the city and executive approaches to rational encounter with them.

Considering the growing importance of the correct use of modern scientific and technical achievements in the process of diffusion of innovations and of promoting the rural question of promoting homes as the conflict between farmers and extension specialists to what extent they have been able to achieve these goals play an active role and effectiveness of? Population of this research of all the missionaries’ first Zabol city's village homes that 120 of them were by random sampling method selected to complete the questionnaire. The information required in this study through questionnaires and interviews to of promoting the home city of Zabol Data were analyzed with the software SPSS.Ver 19.0. The results of this study indicate little about 42/72 percent as strong promoters,22/33% in relatively strong and 24/27% on average And 10/68 in the poor rural farmers have activity. Scientific studies suggest that non-regular communication and lack of women's motivation to communicate is interactive and effective advocates.Statistical estimates in this study, according to most experts on malware trends towards working with the villagers, their collaborative activities in a rather positive and the positive evaluation.
IntroductionIn today's world, the process of change has taken rapid pace and more people in the recipient or target of the project, either as receptive and passive elements and active citizens, is frequently made. Development projects with the purpose to design and set up to help people to change their line. Meanwhile, one of the goals of this project are typically, but not always help local groups and rural communities to personally meet their needs and desires, projects and programs to change, they suggest. Both of these require planning and preparation and provision of various promotion programs. Agricultural extension in many parts of the world today. Approaches form and substance of a system are promoted through these types of messages to be prepared and delivered to the villagers. In this paper, try to understand their problems identifying the gaps and introduce a mechanism for planning activities in the promotion of rural houses will be presented. Promotion of rural homes are no exception and needs to extension methods in this system are studied.
MethodologyThis research is a descriptive - correlation research method used. Population of this research of all the missionary’s first Zabol city's rural homes that 120 of them were randomly selected to complete the questionnaire. To evaluate the validity of research, the opinions of a few members of the academic board was used to promote agricultural education and reliability of questionnaire, 120 questionnaires were distributed among the missionaries first 103 of them responded and alpha value (α=82), then the data were analyzed with SPSS software. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used.
Results and discussionThe results of the assessment are discussed, promoting activities in rural areas and identify resource requirements and needs significant positive correlation with a correlation coefficient is 0/267 in level 0/001. Strongly related to this type of activity is strong and reflects the activity of the promoters of the scheme functions. Active promoters studied rural development and exploitation of water resources through the proper use of surface and ground waters by (P=0/000 and r = 0/346) and distribution of agricultural inputs (seeds and fertilizers) with (p = 0 / 003 and r = 0/278) most of the factors mentioned in rural activities carried out and the relationship between "strong" and is positive in the above fields. Subsequent results of correlation activities in numerous meetings with the Association of Chartered farmers and veterinary services and animal husbandry in the traditional farms relationship "fairly strong" and a positive correlation coefficients and significance level (p = 0/001 and r = 0 / 213) there. The results of correlation coefficients activities such as public services, technical infrastructure, welfare, credit, education, research and extension with (p = 0/000 and r = 0/143), provide the information required in production, prices, supply consumption, storage crops (p = 0/022 and r = 0/154) and speech problems and villages (p = 0/017 and r = 0/167), a relationship between "medium" and there are positive. Housing advocates and promotes performance results in the development of rural population (p = 0/004 and r = 0/130), al-Sistani sheep and cattle breeding development program and to provide facilities, with correlation coefficients and significance level (P =0/038 and r=0/139), credit and technical assistance for the development and cultivation of irrigated land (p= 0/015 and r= 0/123) had the lowest activity on the ground, so the house activities promoted in the above equation as a "weak" is evaluated.
ConclusionSince the effectiveness of promotional activities significantly to performance, skills, and promoting participation is dependent on efficient use of manpower and skilled scientific and operational effectiveness of the promotional activities will be guaranteed. From the perspective of the Department of Agriculture Zabol senior executives, the most difficult part of the city to promote communication problem between the reinforcing structures - research - know that education is promoted by the conventional approach to agricultural extension and problems related to it-is approach. Of course, addition, extension of the credits problems, administrative problems and poor infrastructure and manpower capabilities of promotion to the ranks of the problems that were identified from the perspective of audience research. Thus, despite the small number of promotion of houses in the city of Zabol the authorities expected. Most housing in this area that by creating the necessary cooperation and the growth and prosperity of the rural poor and enjoy a little. Hence, the introduction of a comprehensive rural development approaches, activities promotion rural housing or promotion common approaches, assuming its responsibilities, including all of the factors influencing the lives of the rural population and employment. Can approach-such as the right to organize and promotion rural housing set and completed.

Attention to the development of rural settlements of central and essential needs of regional and national development in any country is; because between rural and urban development, there is a basic continuity without a special look to this association, regional and national development will not be successful. Development of rural settlements and ongoing dynamic process that in addition to economic aspects, the non-economic aspects of the experts and scholars have been strongly emphasized and recommended. Among the most important emphasis, knowing the capabilities of rural settlements with particular attention to how to deal with the natural environment full and serious consideration to the size and rural environment are expressed in studies and planning.
In this research that is done with descriptive-analytical and with field survey methods has attempted to measure biological limitations of rural settlements in the mountainous areas in the city of Sardasht. The statistical population of this research is villages with more than 50 families that their number are 856 families in which, 200 families were selected as sample.
Findings: Findings of the study suggest that factors such as the high slope of the ground, the mountainous region, non-biological facilities, long distances from the center of town and countryside has created so many problems for residents and villagers of that region have been forced to migrate.
Generally, there is a meaningful relationship between geographical factors such as the slope of the land, geology, access to educational levels and life pattern that has created special biological patterns for the villagers.

Different geographic environments, offer different potentials and problems in different fields especially in livelihood activities of their residents, attention to which gains a lot of importance in local and environmental programming. Thus identification and analysis of rural potentials and problems is an important step in the process of planning a sustainable rural development. Thus, in an explanatory and analytical approach. This study aims to assess the livelihood problems for villagers living in of Sardasht township based on its findings. This research was conducted based on documents and library as well as interpretations and field survey with a descriptive approach. The statistical population consists 5722 people from the top 50 households of 8 villages of Sardasht township 386 of which were selected the Morgan tables as a statistical sample by simple random sampling and its data was analyzed by SPSS software. Results show that, supply factors imposed the livelihoods in this villages were affected by environmental conditions including gardening and non-agricultural activities, being in a boundary region has also caused smuggling activities. Also results generally show that significant relationship exists between geographic factors such as land slope, access to educational level, distance from boundary area and different earning source of rural livelihoods all of which generated specific livelihood pattern for the villages in the region. Areas of the border also cause direct and indirect employment (freight transportation and passenger operations, loading, etc) that share a border of more than direct employment of indirect employment.

Agriculture is considered as one of the important sectors of economic. That in the production of food and industrial crops may play an important role in economic development. In this regard human resource is very important. So that quantitative and qualitative changes in the human resources can lead to major changes in agricultural production and it influences completely agricultural productivity. This research has done by descriptive analytical approach and according to documentary Studies and survey and field studies. The population of the research is 169 villages in central part of city Sardasht. That among them 32 villages as statistical sample was selected randomly and by spatial clustering method. And the data were analyzed by SPSS/forWin19.0 software. The results showed that migration is a major factor in population changes that has effects on changes in the structure of employment in agriculture. Also results showed that in the section under study the rate of employment in the agriculture section was reduced and in the other economic sections is increased in the under studying region.
Also the results of T-test showed that population changes in the region had create the most changes on job structures of agriculture .the review between the relationship between migration and agricultural inputs showed that capital increasing, labor force and literacy causes to reduce migration and elements such as increasing the area under cultivation and machines lead to migration increase.
Each country's economic status depends on the performance of economic sectors such as agriculture, industry and services. Appropriate performance is archived in light of the optimal combination of productive resources and increased productivity. One of the main causes of population change is migration. And it can create the rapid and short-term effects in the number and structure of population in addition long term changes and causes to balance and imbalance in community population structure.
Human resource development is closely related to population changes. In other words migration is like double-edged sword and can improve the micro and macro levels of society if moves in the proper way otherwise has adverse impacts to society. Population changes that is measured by indexes of population growth, pure rate of migration and mortality rates whilst itself plays an important role in sustainable development it effects on process of human capital accumulation and sustainable development of agriculture by factors such as change in family income and possibility of migration and education caused by surplus income or other factors. That among these factors migration plays an important role and is very tangible. According to above material the current study is looking for this answer: Changes in the rural population, especially immigrants, what effect it will have on the agricultural sector?
The kind of the current study is development studies that is using from descriptive analytic method. The review of field studies has been done through a survey research method in sample villages. The data population of the research consists of 169 villages in the villages of the central division. And in the sample volume of this research 32 villages were selected randomly and by cluster sampling method. The data collected were analyzed by SPSS software. Descriptive and inferential statistics and regression coefficient were used a data analyzing. The main variables in this study are demographic changes in immigration as independent variable and agricultural components as dependent variable were tested. In this research also has used of different models to migration and employment estimates.
According to the results the migration rate is as follows that this rate is changing from -5/68 amount for KhreAghalan village to 5/07 amount for Niskave village. According to results these villages had the most migrate sender and the most immigrant receiver respectively. So that KhreAghalan village during the study period constantly has enjoyed from reduction and descending process. The average total immigrants arrived in the village in the beginning of the period is 59/58 people that this amount has reached to 61/5 people in the years of ending period. Also coefficient of variability of the villages at the beginning of period is 0/87 percent and in the end of the period the number of entered immigrants is 0/98. The average total out-migrants in each village until the beginning of the study period is 37/37 people. That this amount has reached to 61/87 in the final years of the period. In the begging years of the period coefficient of variation is 0/87 percent and in the end of the period the number of migrants logged, is 0/98.also it can be concluded from data analyzing about agriculture that firstly increased employment in the agricultural sector in rural areas is low at the end of the period and due to expansion of services the agriculture section is lower. Second, the share of agricultural employment in the study area has been declining.
Migration as one of the variables of changes in agricultural structures has a meaningful relation with component of agricultural structure. The results indicate that migration has a significant positive effect on ownership change and 1% increase in migration can cause to 59% increase in ownership change. The relationship between mortality and employment in rural areas under studying has a significant and reverse relationship with -0/57.also according to the linear regression equation 1% increase in mortality can cause to 0/57 percent reduction in regional employment structure. Also T-test was used for both variable immigration and employment structure showed that regression coefficient is significant and its expected sign is negative As a result, there is a significant inverse relationship between these two variables. So that among the agriculture structures migration has the most effect on employment structure.
The regression coefficient was calculated for it -/78 that is showing that 1% increase in migration can cause to 0/78 reduction in employment of the region.
The review relationship between migration and agricultural employment showed that capital increase, manpower and literacy cause to reduce migration and increase cultivation and machines cause to increase migration. Therefore, it is suggested to prevent rural migration to urban areas, rural development process be accelerated.

Sustainable development and the subsequent neighborhood sustainable development is a concept that has been discussed in recent years in the scientific assemblies and has a close relationship with damages in social, environmental, economical and urban livelihoods, security, Participation, shape, texture and urban management. Today, most sustainable and most effective development programs are those which are based on the characteristics and needs of families and neighborhood communities. Therefore, the study, recognition and analysis of the abilitoies and capabilities of the urban neighborhoods is considered as a basic and important step in the process of developing, urban planning of urban sustainable development. Accordingly, this study is sought to evaluate the sustainability of Sardasht neighborhoods in terms of four dimensions of socio-cultural, economical, environmental and institutional physical alike. This research is a descriptive analytical one based on the documentary and library studies and field surveying. The population of this research is all Sardasht city neighborhoods, which among them 380 people were selected according to Morgan Table by simple random sampling as the statistical sample. And the data were analyzed using SPSS and GIS softwares. Results indicate that the the stability of Sardasht city neighborhoods from the view of inhabitants with the Average of (2.66), is lower than the median responses and is not desirable. The results show that between the different neighborhoods of the city, in respect of having developed indicators, there is inequality and tremendous difference. According to the research results, the biological indicator has the most stability in Sardasht city.The result of T-test shows that by comparing the mean of neighborhood's sustainability, the neighborhoods of Ashan, Sarchaveh, Farhangian and terminal have better conditions and the average of their stability is higher than the medium limit that the lowest amount of stability is in the neighborhoods of Serahe Marghan and Grda Sur.