فهرست مطالب شیوا جلال پور

Women's political participation has different levels.One ofthe most important of them is the participation of elite women in political affairs.In order to understand this participation,one should pay attention to various factors, and also consider its different types in order to provide a more accurate analysis.This participation goes beyond merely participating in elections and voting rights or participating in political activities.Presence in the political elite(in this study,the Islamic Council)is very important for measuring women's political participation.In this research,this type of participation, considering the patriarchal model of the revolution,which is aimed at analyzing the situation of women after the Islamic revolution,has been measured and by using the comparative method,the three important components of this theory,namely"patriarchy","inequality"and"housekeeping"will be adapted to the situation of women's political participation. The findings of the research show that despite the expansion of women's presence in society, especially at the elite level (due to the increase in the level of education and employment), the presence of women at the political elite level and their participation at this level has not expanded much. Therefore, the components of the mentioned theory do not correspond to reality in the general situation of women, but it applies to the level of women's political participation.

The Middle East region is the most important crisis region in the world. The existence of many crises and conflicts in this region began in 2003 after the attacks of the United States of America on Iraq, and after that it reached its peak with the beginning of protest movements in the Arab world, including the Syrian crisis. Meanwhile, one of the most important crises that this region is facing in the last two decades is the formation of terrorist groups. By carrying out terrorist attacks and creating instability, these groups have endangered the security of different countries in the world. The main question of this research is what are the most important effects of the spread of terrorist groups on global security? the results of the research show that the creation and expansion of terrorist groups such as Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS), Jabhat al-Nusra, etc., on the one hand, have led to the defense policy of the Middle East countries leading to an increase in arms purchases and the competition of power poles in It has increased the area. On the other hand, it led to the recruitment of new members from other regions such as Europe and Central Asia, and finally, due to the return of foreign members of these groups to their home countries, it led to an increase in terrorist attacks in other Middle Eastern countries and some European countries such as England and Germany. Is. This research has studied this issue with descriptive-analytical method and using library resources.

Water energy resources, besides being considered the most vital element for the continuation of human life, are also at the heart of the sustainable development process of various contemporary societies, including Iran. They are regarded as fundamental pillars of social, economic, and environmental development, serving as the most important and key element in human life necessities and playing a crucial role in political, economic, and cultural interactions, as well as in the sustainability of the development process. The research method of the present study is based on library-analytical studies and is applied in terms of its purpose. Management of urban and rural runoff includes the control of wasted and excessive water flow and the improvement of water supply and drainage networks; systems for collecting and controlling surface waters resulting from rainfall are important components of planning and development in urban and non-urban areas, and any negligence in their proper design can cause problems for urban communities. Lack of attention to this can lead to some significant challenges in the path of the country's sustainable development. The research results indicate that the control and management of surface runoff through the expansion of dam industries and downstream dam industries, as well as the creation of green spaces and forest and plant coverings, and the implementation of a set of measures in watershed management, such as the construction of barriers like levees, have a significant impact on enhancing the country's sustainable development.

The purpose of writing at present is to examine and critique the issue of the participation of the Supreme Leader in the election of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, emphasizing the critique of Ayatollah Montazeri's view, which is applied in the library method - documents are made to do so. According to jurisprudential arguments, the guardianship and rule over the Islamic society during the absence is comprehensive against the poor. On the one hand, the province is general and includes all aspects of government affairs. On the other hand, due to the breadth and diversity of the country's affairs, Vali-e-Faqih alone was able to budget in all pillars of Islamic society, which directly plays a role and personally manages all matters related to the government. For this reason, the constitution of the Islamic Republic stipulates that poverty must delegate some of its duties and responsibilities to children or other groups. One of the conditions of Velayat-e-Faqih, which is regulated in the constitution and later revised, is the condition of the velayat-e-Faqih. This condition was criticized by jurists, including Ayatollah Montazeri. Imam Khomeini is one of the jurists who has explicitly denied the condition of universality in the Supreme Leader. Imam has done: "If a person is knowledgeable in the mining sciences of the seminaries, but it is not possible to distinguish the expedient community or could not distinguish righteous and useful people from unrighteous people, in general in the social and political field and decision-making power would have existed. "This person does not have ijtihad in social and governmental issues and cannot take over the affairs of society."

Iran has always faced various threats and damages throughout its ancient and ups and downs history. After the victory of the Islamic revolution, the new system has faced more and more hard and soft threats. While threats are formed in both internal and external dimensions, in this article, the most important research goal is to identify external threats (hard and soft) against the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the last two decades. Therefore, the main question is: What are the external threats (hard and soft) against the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the last two decades? The main hypothesis shows; It seems at the level of external threats; Hostile propaganda, Iran-phobia and Western international sanctions in the soft and hard spheres; The US military presence in the region and the Zionist regime are considered to be one of the most important threats to Iran's security. The research method in this study is descriptive and analytical.

As the most important legal text, the constitution determines the behavioral and institutional framework in the Islamic Republic of Iran. On the other hand, one of the causes of the Islamic Revolution for the originators and the legislators is the issue of society and individuals’ independence and freedom in the face of the government. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the position of civil society and the rights of individuals from the political modernity point of view. To do so, the main research question is, “what is the position of the political modernity components in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran?”. It is a descriptive-analytical study. The data has been collected by the library and documentation methods. The Islamic Revolution discourse has tried to establish the political order under the political Islam discourse, which implements the Islamic and religious teachings in society and somehow directs the society towards spiritual and divine development. It brings about otherworldly prosperity for the concept of citizenship. On the other hand, according to Maurice Barbier, political modernity is based on the structural separation of the government, civil society, and the individual. In other words, modernity, in its political aspect, is based on respecting each mentioned component. The findings indicate that the components of civil society and the rights of individuals have been emphasized in the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The stable core of the thoughts of Max Weber and Shahid Motahari is rationality. Rationality in Weber's thoughts has built something based on Kantian subjectivism by passing Parsonsian reading. It means that man should not make the reality in accordance with the reality, but should falsify and validate it; Because there is no previous cultural phenomenon in the fields of thought and ethics; Also, rationality in the thoughts of Martyr Motahari includes broad aspects such as being a revelation and a follower of the Sharia, which uses various tools such as experience, revelation, narration, and reason, and from where it has been able to provide comprehensiveness to the various social dimensions of the revolution. It is the ideology of the Islamic revolution. In this article, the qualitative research method is used and the data analysis method is descriptive. The result obtained is that rationality in Weber's thoughts can be understood and analyzed based on credit perceptions and not real perceptions in the intellectual system of Shahid Motahari.

The current research was written with the aim of evaluating the place of the political-spiritual approach of social capital in the victors of the holy defense era. The main question in this article is, have the spiritual factors of social capital been influential in the process of victories during the holy defense period? In response to that, we can consider this hypothesis: In the process of sacred defense developments, the Islamic Republic of Iran has been able to play a role and make decisions in the field of regional and international diplomacy, in addition to resisting and forcing the aggressor to retreat. Based on this, the findings show: Iran's land has been invaded by enemies throughout its history, especially in the last two hundred years, and has lost parts of its strategic areas. But in the saga of eight years of holy defense, considering the charismatic leadership of Imam Khomeini (RA) and benefiting from religious teachings and revolutionary Shiism, martyrdom, the spirit of self-sacrifice and sacrifice for the cause of God, the culture of Mahdism and backsliding, etc., the masses of people went to the front. The forces of war attacked and the Iranian warriors forced the aggressor to retreat and defeat in an asymmetric war. One of the important indicators of this research, which makes it different from other researches, is the role of deep religious beliefs and spiritual power in the victories of Iranian warriors in the process of the changes of the Iraq-imposed war against Iran.

The United States has used sanctions to influence the development of the oil industry. The present dissertation, with a descriptive-analytical method and using library resources and the theoretical framework of Margaret Doxy sanctions, has sought to answer the question of what effect the imposition of sanctions has had on the development of Iran's oil industry and this sanction how much is set with Margaret Doxy sanctions theorical framwork? The findings of this study indicate that the sanctions imposed in the field of oil against Iran are consistent with the theory of sanctions of Margaret Doxy in general and sanctions on the Iranian oil industry in particular from a practical point of view and are of the type of modern sanctions and classification of sanctions. Presented by Doxy are appropriate and aimed at controlling Iran's behavior in the field of role-playing in the international community in various political, economic, psychological and ideological dimensions, and despite the expectations of sanctions on the impact of sanctions on economic indicators, reduced revenue. And the activities of international companies in the oil industry, sanctions because of the structural problems of the sanctioning countries, such as the deep political divide between the sanctioning countries, and the existence of veto power and the protection of some countries from compulsory sanctions as well as policies adopted by Sanctioning countries and changing foreign trade orientations have not benefited from the necessary international participation, and this has led to the ineffectiveness of sanctions in practical and executive terms. Also, results of the study have shown that the optimal development model of the oil industry in order to optimally deal with international sanctions is the integrated implementation of the development model based on the exploitation and productivity of fields and reservoirs and the development model based on technology.

New social networks are effective tools in expanding knowledge and political awareness. Therefore, in the new age when these networks have found an important role in communication and virtual space has become the arena of various personal and social exchanges, it is necessary to pay more attention to their role. Therefore, the current research, taking into account the importance of these networks in today's Iranian society, considers four modern social networks, including WhatsApp, Instagram, Telegram and Twitter, and deals with the issue of how the usage of these networks is related to It has the category of political awareness and social anomie. For this purpose, the views of the citizens of Ilam province were investigated with a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of this research is the residents of Ilam province aged 18 and above and the sample size is 440 people. Data analysis was done with tools used in social science research (SPSS 23). The results of the research showed that there is a significant relationship between the use of new social networks and political awareness with a coefficient of 0.197. Also, there is a significant relationship between the use of new social networks and social anomie with a coefficient of 0.264. In separating the impact of each of these networks, only the WhatsApp social network does not have a significant impact on political awareness and social anomie.

Political development is the expansion of participation and competition of social groups in political life. Political development is the process during which three events occur. Political development is a concern of many developing societies in the world today. Many analysts consider the role of political development in the continuation of inclusive development in the economic and social fields to be very important. The goal of political development is to expand the participation and competition of social groups in political life. The most important components of political development include: organization of groups and social forces, their freedom of participation and political competition, existence of institutionalized conflict resolution mechanisms within the political structure, non-violence of political life to strengthen political stability, legitimacy of institutional and legal frameworks For political competition and compromise and beyond. In the present article, using descriptive-analytical method and document collection method, this central issue has been discussed and why and how administrative discipline plays a role in political development? In a conclusion, it can be said that the variable of administrative and organizational discipline is one of the factors affecting economic development and also the basis of political development of the country.

Throughout history,the military power of countries has been decisive in international relations,but gradually soft power and especially cultural diplomacy has been added to one of the basic pillars in relations between countries in order to influence the destination countries through persuasion and attraction.Iran has always been considered due to its geopolitical conditions,and Western countries have sought cultural influence over the Iranian people and rulers.the purpose of this study is to examine the capacity and results of cultural diplomacy between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Germany ,france and Britain .in this research ,an attempt was made to deal with the pathology of diplomacy of Islamic Republic of Iran and three Eutopean countries with the help of library resources and analytically.The main question is what success has the cultural diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran achieved ?this article persues the hypothesis that the cultural diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran,despite its ups and downs,has not been able to achieve significant success .cultural diplomacy between Iran and three countries has always been overshadowed by political issues,human rights issues,nuclear issues,and accusations such as supporting terrorist groups .in addition,managerial and internal problems prevented cultural diplomacy from reflecting core Iranian-Islamic values.

Political development is a concern of many developing societies in the world today. Many analysts consider the role of political development in the continuation of inclusive development in the economic and social fields to be very important. The goal of political development is to expand the participation and competition of social groups in political life. The most important components of political development include: organization of groups and social forces, their freedom of participation and political competition, existence of institutionalized conflict resolution mechanisms within the political structure, non-violence of political life to strengthen political stability, legitimacy of institutional and legal frameworks For political competition and compromise, Stein's research was conducted to investigate the role of administrative discipline in political development (case study of Khuzestan governorate and special governorates). The research method was survey and the statistical sample consisted of 123 employees of Khuzestan and Ahvaz, Abadan, Khorramshahr and Dezful governorates who were selected using Cochran's formula. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. The results using Pearson tests and multiple regression showed that there is a direct relationship between administrative discipline and political development (case study of Khuzestan governorate and special governorates). Also, the studied variables (individual discipline, managerial discipline and team discipline together (0.502) explain the percentage of variance of the variable rate of political development of Khuzestan governorate and special governorates.

With the spread of the so-called "network society", individuals in society became more and more integrated into an interconnected structure. This connection caused their behaviors to be influenced by this society in various aspects. In the meantime, not all of their behaviors are "normal" and "anomic" behaviors have been affected by these networks. In this study, we examine the effect of new social media including WhatsApp, Instagram, Telegram and Twitter on anomic behaviors. Social media use is an independent variable and vandalism is a dependent variable, and political awareness is considered a moderating variable. For this purpose, the views of the citizens of Ilam province in the fall and winter of 1400 were collected by a questionnaire. The statistical population of this study is residents aged 18 and over in Ilam province and using Cochran's formula and considering the acceptable sampling error, the sample size was estimated at 440 people. Data analysis was performed using the tools used in social science research (SPSS 23). The main hypothesis of the research is that the new media, while creating a common feeling of anomaly and anomie, provides the grounds for the formation of vandalism in Ilam. Findings show that the use of social media affects vandalism and social anomie. Also, political awareness, as a moderating variable, has prevented the use of social media from leading to or reducing vandalism.

In the current world, due to the importance and effective function of public diplomacy, it has a valuable position among the decision makers of the Islamic Republic of Iran and they have paid serious attention to it. Given the threats and challenges that have arisen against Iran, it is necessary to pursue it, and the defense sector, relying on diplomatic activities, can play a fundamental and desirable role in building mutual trust and confidence between the countries of the region. The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps has also succeeded in recent yearsTo become one of the main actors in the field of diplomacy, especially public diplomacy. The Revolutionary Guards is one of the most important military and political arms of Iran in regional policy-making and can show itself in the field of public diplomacy and placing Iran in the hearts and minds of domestic and regional public opinion. In fact, this organization, while working in the field of defense and military in order to defend the territorial integrity of the country, considers it its duty to protect the values ​​of the Islamic Revolution in every field (economic, cultural, etc.). Therefore, he has a decisive presence in the field of public diplomacy and tries to be an effective actor in this field. thereforeThe question that has become a serious concern for the author is what was the purpose of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps in advancing public diplomacy in its policies in recent years?

In the era of globalization and the integration of countries in economic issues, the implementation of organizational arrangements to facilitate the free flow of goods and services designed and the introduction of foreign economic policies. The leaders of the BRICS countries meet annually on common financial, economic and political issues. BRICS is a platform that aims for both political (short-term) and economic (long-term) alliances in a multilateral system that aspires to greater authority in the international system. Since its inception, the BRICS has sought to contribute to the international system in economic and sometimes political management, and in a way has been critical of the overall management of its international structure, which is managed by the American-West. Meanwhile, countries such as China and Russia, which have been criticizing US policies for years and have sought to increase their international power in the international economy and bargaining since the Cold War, are members of the BRICS. And they are trying to convince this newly formed group to the international system, to what extent they can or have so far been able to make a change or reform in the structure of international relations is the subject of this article.

The decentralized and pluralistic nature of power in the United States has enabled a diverse range of ethnic lobbies to play a role and influence. Meanwhile, Arabs in the southern Persian Gulf have turned their attention to lobbying as a reliable tool in foreign policy and to influence decision-making and policy-making in the United States. The scope and dimensions of activism and influence of these lobbies have grown significantly in recent years. In this regard, the main question of the present study is "What are the strengths and weaknesses of the lobbies of the Arab countries in the Persian Gulf?" The findings of the article indicate that the Arab lobbies of the Persian Gulf adhere to pluralistic trends and mechanisms such as embassies, lobbies registered as foreign representatives, individual lobbyists, oil companies and advocacy. Mali has used American think tanks to achieve goals such as a two-state solution, economic goals and interests, to counter negative agendas in exchange for a positive image of themselves, and finally to confront Iran. The present study is of descriptive-analytical type and data collection has been done in a library method and referring to Internet sources.

The Paris Environmental Treaty was adopted in 2015 as a strategic document aimed at guiding the world's environmental policy. This agreement has been developed with the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and to achieve this goal, by choosing a bottom-up structure, it has provided the parties with the opportunity to determine the limits of their obligations to reduce emissions according to their capacity and power. . Under the treaty, each state is required to implement its national partnership program, which includes actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change, in accordance with the Framework Convention and other relevant instruments. Obviously, in this case, the accession of developing countries such as Iran, which have a small share in the production of these gases, will only impose requirements and restrictions on the country that will ultimately jeopardize the country's industrial and economic development; Disclosure of information about key industries in the country is another risk of joining this agreement. In order to accede to the Paris Agreement, it is necessary for Iran to take appropriate measures in order to achieve the goals and tasks set forth in the treaty and the National Partnership Program, in addition to benefiting from the international cooperation contained in the agreement.

Gramsci's theory opened a new perspective in the study of political sociology, regardless of the value view of the concept of intellectualism. In Gramsci's sense, the acquisition of hegemony by a social force depends on the success of the four levels of traditional intellectuals, the organ, the intellectual community, and the general intellectuals. The semantic system produced by traditional intellectuals as the top of the intellectual pyramid is developed by other levels of intellectuals in society.The traditional intellectuals of modernity in the Pahlavi era are the subject of the present study. The results show that in the Pahlavi era, intellectuals and their desired semantic system can be divided into three categories; The intellectuals of the first Pahlavi era, such as Foroughi, Taghizadeh, and Teymourtash, who had a maximalist view and focused on eliminating rival social forces, namely religion and the tribal system, by producing a semantic system based on "archaism and Iranianism." The second group of intellectuals 1332-1322 who sought to revive the "constitutional monarchy" and Mossadegh and Makki are representatives of this spectrum. The third group of failed intellectuals after the 28 Mordad coup d'état such as Jalal al-Ahmad, Bazargan and Shariati, who were forced to abandon the original semantic system and in a rotation of one hundred and eighty degrees after half a century, were absorbed in the semantic system of the Shiite religion. Concepts such as "return to self" contributed to the success of the 1979 Islamic Revolution discourse.

which was enriched by emphasizing principles such as anti-tyranny and martyrdom of the Islamic Republic of Iran, played an important role against the invading forces. The war was a great test for the spirit of national resistance and patience. Based on this, the present study was written with the aim of evaluating the place of the political-spiritual approach of social capital in the victories of the holy defense period. The findings show: Iran's land has been attacked by enemies throughout its history, especially in the last two hundred years, and has lost parts of its strategic areas. But in the saga of eight years of holy defense, considering the charismatic leadership of Imam Khomeini (RA) and benefiting from religious teachings and revolutionary Shiism, martyrdom, the spirit of self-sacrifice and sacrifice in the path of God, the war fronts. They brought and the Iranian soldiers forced the aggressor to retreat and defeat the aggressor in an asymmetric war. One of the important indicators of this research, which makes it different from other researches, is the role of deep religious beliefs and spiritual power in the victories of Iranian fighters in the course of the developments of the Iraq-imposed war against Iran.

The purpose of this study is a comparative study of the discourse of the Islamic Revolution and the "patriarchal model of the revolution" on the role of women in the Islamic Revolution. The main question of this research is "What are the similarities and differences between the role of women in the discourse of the Islamic Revolution and the patriarchal model of the Revolution?" In this study, the qualitative method of thematic analysis has been used. This study is part of developmental research in terms of type of research. The present research community consists of books and published articles on Imam Khomeini's statements and theories related to the patriarchal model of the revolution. Sampling was purposeful and based on the relationship with the keywords, and 250 speeches and sentences that addressed the role of women in the revolution were selected as a sample. "Observance of equal rights for women", "socio-political dignity", "women's liberation" and "humanization of women" are the main themes of the Islamic Revolution discourse and "patriarchy", "inequality" and "housekeeping" are the main themes of the patriarchal model of the Islamic Revolution. Differences in the interpretation of the patriarchal model of the revolution from the role of women in the Islamic Revolution with the reality of the role of women in the Islamic Revolution.

The purpose of this study is to change the nature and quality of political conflicts and its effect on political stability-instability during the presidency of Hassan Rouhani in Iran. Descriptive research method and data collection in the form of a library to organize research sources and findings. The present is a very broad and controversial topic, and examining all aspects of it is a difficult task and requires high political expertise and analytical power, in other words, the topic in question has some potential for discussion that other researchers can maneuver, in general. The results showed that Hassan Rouhani's period can be divided into two parts, the period before and after Borjam, in which Rouhani's government in favorable and unfavorable political conditions tried to implement scientific methods to prevent internal and external conflicts and They had the optimal management of the country and considering that many social, political and economic tensions and riots were designed and carried out by foreigners during Rouhani's term, but Rouhani and his government believed in an atmosphere of calm and dialogue and took advantage of the political and administrative situation. , By Hassan Rouhani It caused the country to enjoy more internal and external political stability and to move towards less conflict.country to enjoy more domestic and foreign political stability and to move towards less conflict.

According to Gramsci, the successful implementation of decisions, macro policies and strategies of any political system depends on the nature of government (civil society and political society). If the political community is not derived from civil society, decisions and policies will either not be implemented or, if implemented, will require high costs, resistance from members of the community, and ultimately the use of force. In the meantime, the formation of the state and its nature depend on the activity of intellectuals in Gramsci's intended sense. Therefore, the present study seeks to understand the role of intellectuals in political society and the factors influencing their failure to form a government in the Pahlavi period. The results show that in the late Qajar period, due to the lack of social status in civil society, intellectuals pursued the project of capturing political society by resorting to "enlightened tyranny". Since the intellectuals lacked power in the civic arena, they inevitably focused on eliminating their rivals by using Pahlavi and relying on coercion and force, in order to manipulate public culture by force of the sword and establish a foothold in the civil arena. Build and reproduce the semantic system of the modern state. The lack of precise vision of the intellectuals led them to create, in Hobbes' words, a "leviathan" with which to trade their freedom. But as Leviathan's power increased, so did his achievements, to the point that political society became the slaughterhouse of intellectuals.

Iran, as one of the oldest countries in the world, has long had a kind of national identity and "nation" and this can be seen in the continuation of the name "Iran". The three building blocks of Iranian national identity are "being Iranian", "religion" and in the new era "modernity". The two ancient layers of Iranian national identity have long been more or less compatible with each other, and have and still have many overlapping elements. With the acquaintance of Iranians with the new world, it caused new awareness in this field and this awareness caused a change in this identity. Therefore, the main question of this research is how this change in the components of national identity was formed in the Qajar (pre-constitutional) era? This descriptive-analytical study has concluded that "archeology", "rewriting", "redefining the homeland" and "redefining the nation" and "shaping the idea of nationalism (in its modern sense)" are the most important components of the "new Iranian identity system".