صدیقه فابریکی

In this study, the molecular diversity among 95 accessions of Aegilops tauschii was investigated using a CAAT-box derived polymorphism (CBDP) marker system. Fifteen CBDP primers produced a total of 73 bands (4.87 bands per primer), of which 66 bands (91.9%) were polymorphic. The mean of polymorphic information content (PIC=0.26) and resolving power (Rp=5.62) indicated the capability of this marker system in evaluating genetic diversity in Ae. tauschii. In addition, the mean percentage of polymorphic loci, the number of observed alleles, effective alleles, the Shannon information index, and genetic diversity criterion were estimated to be 91.90%, 1.83, 1.47, 0.44, and 0.27, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that intra-population variation accounted for 96% of the total variance, while the remaining 4% was related to inter-population variation. Cluster analysis grouped the accessions into 7 main clusters. Also, according to principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), accessions were classified into six main groups, where the first two principal coordinates explained 24.19% of the total variation. The results of cluster analysis were relatively consistent with the results of PCoA. In this study, although the CBDP marker system did not completely separate Iranian accessions from other accessions however, accessions from Turkmenistan, Russia, Georgia, Turkey, Japan, and Kosovo were grouped in separate clades. Overall, the results showed that the CBDP marker system effectively identifies polymorphisms in the studied accessions. The results of this research suggest that the studied CBDP markers can be used in genetic fingerprinting and analysis of relationships between wheat and its related germplasm to evaluate various agronomic traits as well as tolerance to environmental stresses.

Using plants as bioreactors to produce recombinant proteins (Molecular Farming) has different premium benefits compared to other pharmaceutical production systems. Plant expression systems in comparison with other bioreactors have several advantages over the other technologies including their economic advantage, high production, scalability, edibility, possibility of expression of proteins in specific part of plant and organelles in plant cells and being free of protein and pathogen contamination. But, bio-safety concerns should also be addressed when using GM plants. Some of these concerns are: product safety, existing selectable markers resistant to antibiotics in products and, gene flow from GM plants to non transgenic plants, wild types and weeds. In spite of existing different physical and biological methods to limit gene flow, it is one of the most important subjects in the safety of GM products. The plastid DNA itself is lost during the process of pollen maturation and is not transmitted to the next generation and the lack of plastid DNA in pollen thereby minimizes the possibility of leaking transgenes to related weeds or crops. Therefore, this method is one of the best methods in biosafety of transgenic plants. In this article, we will study important aspects of gene flow from GM plants, chloroplast transformation and also we will consider successes in the production of some recombinant proteins in the Faculty of Agriculture at Tarbiat Modares University. A lot of the companies producing transgenic plants have understood the importance of this aspect and have included it into their research and marketing strategies so that it will reduce the anxiety. The selectable genes are the first and the most important candides that should be avoided in producing transgenic plants. In the near future, eliminating selectable marker genes will be one of the most important steps in the production of transgenic plants.