فهرست مطالب صغری علوی

Fructans as the main wheat stem reserves are accumulated during salt stress and their remobilization into grains can be significant to reduce severe yield loss. To study the effect of salinity on wheat fructan metabolism at molecular level, expression of the key genes including sucrose-sucrose fructosyl transferase (1-SST) and sucrose- fructan fructosyl transfarease (6-SFT) involved in fructan biosynthesis, fructosyl exohydrolase (1-FEH) and vacuolar invertase (IVR) involved in fructan and sucrose degradation, respectively, and sucrose transporter (SUT1) was analyzed in Bam as a salt-tolerant and Ghods as a salt-sensitive wheat cultivars. Control and salt treatments were applied by irrigation water with EC of 0.5 and 12 dSm-1, respectively from seedling stage in the greenhouse with three replicates using completely randomized design. Gene expression analysis was carried out at anthesis on leaf and stem by real Time PCR and stem fructan measurement was done at five points with 7-day intervals during seed filling period. The results showed the up-regulation of stem 1-SST and 6-SFT and the increase of fructan content in Bam and down-regulation of these genes and decrease of fructan content in Ghods under salinity. In leaf tissues of both cultivars, 1-SST, 1-FEH and SUT1 up-regulated under salt stress. Based on the obtained results, the most remarkable difference of fructan metabolism involved gene expression under salt stress between Bam and Ghods at anthesis was related to stem 6-SFT gene. The results showed that the up-regulation of 6-SFT, the higher fructan production and having greater capacity of stem reserves in Bam correlates with its higher grain yield under salt stress.

In order to evaluate different application methods and rates effect of salicylic acid (SA) on yield and yield components of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), this study was done as a split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replication in Research Field of Agricultural collage, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University in 2011. Two application methods of salicylic acid (Spraying and mixed with irrigation water) were as main plot and three concentration of SA (0, 0.1, 0.7 and 1.5 Mm) were as sub plot. Measured traits comprised number of seed per umbel, number of umbel per plant, number of seed per plant, seed yield and weight of thousands seed. Result showed that spraying method of SA has better effect than other one. Some traits such as number of seed per umbel and number of seed per plant (P> 0/05) and seed yield and thousands seeds weight (P> 0/01) had significant effect in sprayed plant with SA. But number of umbel per plant has no different effect on application methods of SA. Also some traits such as number of seed per umbel and number of seed per plant in sprayed plant with SA increased (P> 0/05) in 0.7 Mm concentration. Wherever maximum seed yield was achieved in sprayed plant with 0.7 Mm concentration in amount of 1480.63 kg/ha and minimum seed yield was achieved in irrigated plant with 0.7 Mm concentration in amount of 1100.16 kg/ha.

Nowadays, bottled waters are used by people due to the belief in their quality, easy transportation as well as accessibility with a low cost in most places and stores. Therefore, this public tendency was surveyed at the present study in Ilam City. This was a descriptive-analytic study. First, the brands were determined and, then, the sampling was achieved accidentally. 6 brands were surveyed in general. Of each brand, 7 samples with different production dates from several parts of the city were collected. These samples were tested by total coliforms, fecal coliforms, nitrite and nitrate, hardness, pH and EC. Obtained results were analyzed by one way ANOVA test. None of the samples proved to carry microbial problems and other parameters (PH, EC, hardness, nitrite and nitrate) were on the standard ranges. Discussion & According to the results, it can be concluded that the water quality of the measured samples, is healthful enough to be used for drinking.

Nanotechnology promises to advance the human life quality, but it has also aggravated concerns about potential side effects on workers and consumer’s health and the environmental poluution. Risk assessment and management of nanotechnology will be effective when the followings are taken into consideration: 1) Understanding how synthetic nanoparticles (NPs) can gain entry into the human body (routes of exposure); 2) knowing about ways that synthetic NPs can move from the entrance point to other organs in the body (translocation); 3) determining what unfavorable biological effects may occur in presence of synthetic NPs (toxicity); 4) knowing which dose of NPs is safe (exposure and dose metrics); and 5) deciding what is the best way to monitor exposed peoples for health surveillance. This article evaluates currently known potential health risks associated with the use of NPs to workers who are in direct contact to synthetic NPs and highlights the best methods to control those risks, to ensure that their use in the laboratory and industry match with principles of occupational health and biosafety.

By the end of the year 2010, more than 148 million ha were under the cultivation of transgenic plants and it is expected that in future, genetic engineering will revolutionize transgenic plants industry. Parallel with the introduction of any new technologies, concerns are raised about the safe use and deployment of that new technology. Concerns have also been about the safety of that new technology are raised. In addition, concerns have been increased about the potential negative impact of commercialization of genetically modified (GM) plants. These concerns have several different causes that are not being addressed in this article. Response to these concerns however is the main objective of this paper. Risk assessment is a process that aplies the current knowledge to estimate future harms or benefits arising from direct or indirect contact with a GM plant or its genes. This article considers GM plants in the context of risk assessment principles, research results, and current regulatory frameworks. Risk assessments have usually emphasized on the human health, environment and agriculture. This article may be useful for biotechnologists, biosafety specialists, and regulatory authorities.