فهرست مطالب عابدی

Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) is one of the best methods in the treatment of optic nerve sheath meningioma (ONSM) with tumor growth control and visual stabilization. In this study, various IMRT techniques were evaluated from the point of view of dose fall-off beyond the target boundaries to achieve the optimal technique.

The optimization of 3 IMRT techniques was performed using 3, 5, and 7 fields with 6 MV photons in 15 patients with ONSM using Prowess Panther treatment planning system. To evaluate treatment plans, in addition to data extracted from dose-volume histogram (DVH) and evaluation of target coverage indices, differential and cumulative dose gradient indices (DGIs) were calculated and compared between the three techniques.

The maximum and the mean dose received by the tumor increased with increasing number of IMRT fields. The uniformity (UI) and homogeneity (HI) indices were significantly different between the 3-field and 7-field techniques; and the conformity index (CI) was close to ideal value (0.99) in 7-field technique. Difference of differential dose gradient index (dDGI) was negligible between the three techniques, and only at the 45% isodose level, there was a significant difference between the 5- and 7-field techniques. Cumulative dose gradient index (cDGI) showed smaller values in 7-field technique than the other two techniques.

The three IMRT techniques have no considerable statistical difference in dose fall-off rate beyond tumor boundaries; and their choice in the treatment of ONSM depends on the physician's discretion based on the whole patient's conditions.

Dyslexia has many effects on students' psychological status in addition to academic problems. Regarding this issue, the present study aimed to develop a Reading Improvement Comprehensive Program (RICP) and its effectiveness on the academic success and resilience of students with dyslexia. Methods and Materials: This study was a semi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with unequal control group. For sample selection, 30 students were selected from among dyslexic students in Isfahan who had inclusion criteria and were randomly divided into two groups. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), the Dyslexia Comprehensive Diagnostic Test (DCDT), the Academic Success Scale (ASS) and the Academic Resilience Scale (ARS) were used. The RICP for 16 weeks was provided only to students in the experimental group. Statistical calculations were performed using SPSS software. The results indicated that the RICP had a significant effect on students' academic success and academic resilience (p= 0.001). It can be stated that the RICP improves the academic success and resilience of students through consideration of new conceptualizations in the field of dyslexia as well as the expressed emotion by primary

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is a gradual and chronic one always interacting with Cook’s interpersonal relationships and academic performance. Parenting is one of the effective methods for ODD, in which parents learn how to treat their children. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the Kazdin method for parenting on parent-child relationships among the students with ODD. Methods and Materials: The study employed a quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest as well as 90-day follow-up and control group design. Of the students with ODD, based on the score above the cut-off point in the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and clinical interview by school’s consultant 30 students were selected and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (each group contained 15 participants). The experimental group received the Kazdin method for parenting for twelve 90-minute sessions. The participants answered to Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS) in three stages: pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. The Kazdin method for parenting training significantly increased the parent-child relationships in the subscales of proximity, the general positive relationship, the reduction of conflict, and dependence in children with ODD (p<0.001). The Kazdin method for parenting training has increased the parent-child relationships in children with ODD. According to the results of this study, the Kazdin method for parenting can be an effective way to improve parent-child relationships among students with ODD

As one of the most common learning disabilities, dyslexia is associated with a delayed reading ability and characterized by a considerable failure in the development of vocabulary recognition skills and reading comprehension.The purpose of the study was to compare the efficiency of neuropsychological and Davis method interventions on reading performance of dyslexic students of first and second grade elementary in Esfahan city.The research was experimental with pre-test, post-test, follow up and control group design. Methods and Materials: The study population included all the dyslexic students of first and second grade elementary in the school year 2015-2016 in Esfahan city. The sample included 45 dyslexic students who were selected by cluster random sampling and were divided into three groups so that 15 of them were treated with neuropsychological methods, 15 of them with Davis method and there was no intervention on the rest of them. The research tools included reading disorder diagnosis test based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), teacher-made reading performance test, Raven's intelligence test for children and Test Of Language Development (TOLD). After the interventions, the reading test and reading performance test were conducted and the data were analyzed by SPSS software and multivariate covariance analysis. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the post-test average scores of experimental groups and the control group in the reading test (p≤0.001). The results of paired comparison also showed that the post-test average scores of neuropsychological group are greater than Davis group’s scores in the Language Coordinate (p≤0.001). That as language has many neuropsychological bases, it can play an important role in one's reception and expressionSome neuropsychological skills such as attention, memory and executive functions, etc are the preconditions of the receptive language and, hence, neuropsychological skills are the essential steps in the acquisition of language.

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorder that causes educational, social and family problems. The main aim of present study was to compare the efficacy of neurofeedback and neurofeedback along with Barkly parental training on visual attention dimensions and comprehension of children with ADHD. Methods and Materials: This study was an experimental study with two experiment and one sham control groups in three stages of pre- post and ten weeks follow up tests. The population included all elementary ADHD boys in Isfahan city in academic year 2017-2018. Among those who attended in education and training clinic, forty-two were selected along with their mothers by purposive sampling. There were assigned in two experiment and one control groups randomly. All the participants were assessed in three stages by continues visual and auditory performance test (IVA). Data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA analysis. The results showed that there were no significant difference between two experiment groups in visual vigilance (p≤0.96), focus (p≤0.76), speed (p≤0.87) and visual comprehension (p≤0.42) in post-test and follow up stages; but in compare to control group visual attention dimensions and comprehension increased significantly in both experiment groups. Neurofeedback training and neurofeedback along with Barkly parental training equally increase visual attention dimension and comprehension in ADHD children.

Forests play a significant role for human’s well-being. Economists’ attention is mostly drawn on the market value of forest products. The trend, however, is changing as non-market values of forests are increasingly appreciated and measured. Recently, the ecosystem value of forest has been studied by natural resource economists and its role on human welfare is ensured. This paper indicates that the annual use value of the ecosystem services such as water conservation, soil protection, carbon fixation, nutrient cycling, water purification, air pollution absorption and recreation provided by forests is not only worth millions of dollars, but also in per hectare terms much more than hitherto known. This value for the Mazandaran forest reserve (MFR) ranged US$ 14.2–14.8 million or about US$ 6676.9–6785.6 per ha. If these are accounted for, then governments and societies faced with the development versus conservation dilemma can create more understanding decisions and policies that will assist conserve forests and the ecosystem services they provide, and thereby promulgate human well-being and sustainable development. Realization about these significant intangible benefits will assist in more informed decisions and policies that will help conserve forest ecosystems and the services they provide as well as promote human well-being and sustainable development.

Road construction in forest area is interfering in natural environment of forest and itis caused to derange it. So, studying of soil mechanic and its characteristics is a need. Itis useful to choose the suitable road construction technique. This research was carriedout because of landslide problem in forest road. Investigation of some mechaniccharacteristics of soil and its effect on mass movement was studied. For this researchtwo zones of road side were selected in two parcels (No. 105 and 107) were located onChafroud district in Guilan Province. Then surveying, Length measuring, Min. andMax. Width, height and slope of soil movement in two zones were measured. Fourboreholes were dug (two in moved area and two in stable area) and the soil sampleswere sent to soil mechanic laboratory. Some mechanical testes like soil texture, liquidand plastic limits (Aterberg Limits) were done and so the results show that in movedsoil the texture was SC and for stable area were CL and CH. The process of moisturechanging in soil was investigated. Absorption of moisture with fine soil, undesirabledrainage and stimulation of road construction cause landslide in study area.

Although a considerable number of Persian literary texts have been scientifically and critically edited by professors and researchers, there are many of these texts of which no authentic copy is at hand. One among all is Kamâlodin Mahmoud ebn-e Ali’s (known as Khâjooye Kermâni) poetic collection (Divān) which apart from possessing literary and cultural values, acts as a chain to connect the sonnets of Sadi and Hâfiz, and an academically edited version of it is thus of great value. This paper is an attempt to show that the corrections done on Khâjoo’s Divân (sonnets) suffer from a lot of drawbacks and errors which can be the result of non-methodical correction and probable shortcomings of the manuscripts. Furthermore, the frequency of misspellings and misprints has reduced the editors’ precision and credibility