فهرست مطالب عادل شریفی

Chemicals are one of the most important sources of contaminants that over time cause severe problems for employees exposed to various chemicals in the refining process units . The purpose of this study was to determine the highest level of exposure to BTEX compounds and to assess the health risk caused by exposure to refinery personnel in a petrochemical company in Mahshahr City, Iran.

The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted in a petrochemical company in Mahshahr City during 2016-2017.  In this study, we identified the causes of workplace harm by occupational groups. Air sampling and BTEX analysis were performed according to NIOSH method number 1501. To analyze the results, SPSS software was used. Finally, the risk assessment was done in accordance with the method number 84101042 of Oil Ministry.

The results of this study showed that benzene with a mean density of 0.58, 0.43, and 0.38 ppm in the work areas of site men, shift workers, and a supervisor had the highest density compared with ethyl benzene and toluene. Based on the results, 66.7%, 8.3%, and 12.5% of risk levels were low, high, and moderate/very high. respectively.

According to the results, benzene has the highest health risk among the petrochemicals produced in petrochemicals. Due to the high level of exposure to benzene, it is recommended to take corrective and preventive measures to eliminate or reduce its exposure.

Idjmā‘(Consensus) is among the most challenging Jurisprudential proofs in the eyes of Shiite scholars and each of the great jurists has adopted a specific approach to it. A well-known Shiite jurist famous for frequent use of Idjmā‘in his jurisprudential citations is Mohaghegh Ardabili (1572 A.D). The study of his jurisprudence reveals that in the area of jurisprudential citations, he has considered that Idjmā‘ madraki (consensus whose sources are known) has authority. However, there are arguments which indicate the difference between his jurisprudential citations and his theoretical bases concerning  Idjmā‘. In other words, in the field of jurisprudential citations, he has considered that all instances of Idjmā‘manghul madraki (quoted consensus whose sources are known) are of authority but according to his theoretical bases, reaching Idjmā‘ is possible only in the age of appearance and the times near it.

It is necessary to explain the holy defense operations in order to acquire and gather experiences of commanders, experts and warriors of the eight years of holy defense and making use of these experiences in different aspects. In this research, in order to create a presentation management system for big operations of the holy defense it has been attempted to provide a database in the geographical location of the holy defense of these operations, which can make use of military information that corresponds to that period as a whole for interpretation, simulation of real operations and as a comprehensive reference for users and researchers. In this research, 19 big operational region of the holy defense include Operation Samen-al- Aemeh, Tariq-al-Qods, Fath-al-Mobin, Beit al-Moqaddas, Ramezan, Valfajr Moghadamati, valfajr-1, valfajr-4, Kheibar, Badr, valfajr-8, Karbala-1, Karbala-4, Karbala-5, Karbala-10, Beit-al-Moqaddas 2, valfajr-10, Beit-al-Moqaddas 7 have been studied. For this purpose, the geographical information base is constructed as a general background for each of the operation regions and its required layers of proportional to the operation range is extracted digitally. Finally, the geographical information system of big operations of holy defense was prepared and operational of geographical region of each operation were extractable. This system can be used in military organizations; research centers; scientific and academic centers.

Neighborhoods are not only a physical structure facts, but also they have various social and cultural aspects that if one of them are not taken into account in urban conservation and renovation projects, they will face with some basic problems. Urban quality of life is a notion that has been discussed recently in various studies as a response to many problems facing the neighborhoods all over the world. Urban spaces and neighborhoods show the participation of citizens in city life. There is a mutual influence between degrade the quality of urban spaces and degrade the quality of urban life which shows the scale of this problem in the old areas. In order to enhance environmental quality of neighborhoods in old and traditional structures, suggestions have been presented in the most of the cities of Iran. The subject of these plans were improvement and renovation. But most of these methods and approaches could not work properly. Therefore recognition and using the most effective criteria and indexes are necessary for improving the environmental quality in residential neighborhoods. This article aims to examine to what extend urban renovation projects have affected on environmental quality of traditional neighborhoods by evaluating Julan case study in Hamedan. This study seeks to answer the following questions: How much was the improvement process successful in Julan neighborhood? Which factors are effective to improve environmental quality in the Julan neighborhood Hamedan in the process of modernization? Julan is an old quarter and like other old neighborhoods faces with problems. Some of these problems are lack of facilities, inaccessibility and etc..So modernization plan was proposed but it did not work. One of the reasons is the planners’ more attentions to the physical dimensions and fewer attentions to centers and activity walk axes. Another reason is lack of integration of housing complexes. The neighborhood is divided into two parts by the street. Modernization plan has more attentions to the northern half of the district. In this article environmental quality of north and south of Julan were compared and also the effects of modernization on environmental quality have been investigated. This paper seeks to measure the environmental quality after the implementation of reconstruction projects. This article reviews the theoretical foundations that include: The old district and the recognition criteria, approaches and interventions in distressed areas, and environmental quality and its indexes. Some specification of old neighborhoods mentioned in this article are: functional, skeletal, communication network, environmental, economic, social, infrastructure, legal and management. Different types of interventions in distressed areas are improvement, renovation and reconstruction. Environmental quality contains wide dimensions which the dimensions in each country, city and the neighborhood is different and even environmental quality can be different from the perspective of a person. Components for environmental quality should be chosen that old areas dealing with them and as an indicator of old areas have been identified. Environmental quality has objective criteria and subjective factors. Objective criteria contains safety, facilities, accessibility and built spaces. Subjective factors contains vitality, social links and security. This research used surveying method and questionnaire forms. This article was done by research-applicable method and data is gathered by questionnaires. Sample volume is 393 respondents that have chosen randomly. 204 were related to the part that has not improvement and renovation and 189 were related to the part that has improvement and renovation. It should be noted that the population of this area has been associated with increased population density in hectare. Moreover, data was analyzed by Amos software. Therefore, Identifying and applying effective indicators for improvement environmental quality in residential neighborhoods appeared to be necessary. Data analysis argued that although objective environmental quality of Julan has enhanced along conservation process, but the rate is very low. There is not any significant change in some subjective indicators of Julan such as vitality and security, while a dramatic declining has occurred in social bonds indicators. In fact, Julan conservation and renovation project has not achieved any success in recognition expectations and image. So, studying causes of weakness in conservation and renovation projects can solve such problems in preparing future plans in traditional contexts. At the end suggestions are provided to improve the quality of residential environment, such as: functional diversity to promote and provide vitality in neighborhoods, providing services and facilities to the residents, reducing the neighborhood traffic, improving the quantity of public spaces such as library, parks and gardens, increasing social security and create a local social bonds.

The Applications of Multi Quadric equations in investigating geometric correction and geo Referencing of satellite images is studied in this paper which is not used yet .the conventional low order mathematic model based on the Ehlers theory is replaced by a mathematical model to evaluate the improvement of the residual of multi quadric equations .different 2d and 3d mathematic functions are investigated in geometric correction ,then multi quadric equations are used to reduce the geometric correction errors as a post processing technique .the result show that in the cases where control and check points have regular or semi-regular distributions .the usage of rational function with 11 parameters together with Appling the corrections 82 cm sub pixel resolution may be obtained which shows the significant improvement over the case where multi quadric equations was not used and the sub-pixel resolution was 92 cm.

According to the corrections applied to the measurements of sea surface height from satellite altimetry there is still a non-tidal effects on these data. We can use the height difference observations of the two adjacent points sequentially in one pass of satellite altimetry (below one second intervals ground footprint which is 6 km long) to eliminate these effects. In this study, a differential approach is provided to develop the harmonic tidal analysis during the pass of satellite altimetry data from the Jason-1 and Topex for Persian Gulf region.
Tidal analysis of the adjacent point is used to compare their height differences observed for refined harmonic tidal analysis along the pass of satellite altimetry for computing the harmonic constants which show the algorithm can be reduced non tidal effects in altimetry observations and increase the accuracy of tidal component.

By extinction of Qajar dynasty and Reza khan reign، pseudo modern thoughts were formed in Iran. The layout of streets design implemented as the first aspects of modern urbanization on old (ancient) contextures، and this not only had negative influence (effect) on sectional system and Bazaar as most general civil spaces، but also damaged the spatial structure and civil associated hierarchy (status quo). In pre courses، Bazaar played a role as civil back bone، while after this period the streets became powerful borders by implementation of the layout of and Bazaar’s powerful edge was replaced by street edges. As mentioned، layout of streets design implemented as the first aspect of modern urbanization، in some cities including Hamadan. Design preparation for Hamadan، was assigned to a German named Carl Frish whose plan was approved in October، 1931 and began in 1932 and finally completed simultaneously with the beginning of improvement and reconstruction design implementation of Joolan sector. During 1990s (Gregorian calendar) the plan was identical with a star which formed one square and six avenues branching from its center with angles of 60 degree. This paper uses descriptive – analytic method in research and utilizes space syntax and Depth map software to evaluate the effect of Carl Frish’s process on Hamadan status. At first city map of Hamadan is studied at 3 courses، 1918-1932 (before layout Streets)، 1932-1960 (implementation of one square and six avenues) and 1960-2014 (implementation of cingulated streets and completion of prepared project) followed by providing an axial map and city in foresaid software. According to the software results، the mean of total city association before layout of streets (at 1918) is equal with 0. 311 and the most associated part of city in this era is the series of Bazaar (that consists of caravansaries and commercial building and shops) to maximum amount of associating 0. 449. Meanwhile the amount of standard deviation which introduces solidarity of city is equal with 0. 054 in this era. However، after the implementation of street design layouts according to Carl Frish (implementation of one square and six streets) the amount of total association has changed to 1. 48 and increased the amount of standard deviation to 0. 199. By completion of the design that is by formation of cingulated streets in 1990s (Gregorian Calendar)، the average association reaches to 0. 775 with the most association in Carl Frish’s street and maximum amount of 1. 46 with standard deviation of 0. 209. As it is clear in relevant software، during the implementation of Carl Frish’s design the amount of city associating has increased. It is also citable that the mentioned plan (Carl Frish’s plan) at the first course (1932 to 1953) towards the second course (1960) has contained more amount of associating، which is signified that by formation of cingulated streets the amount of total city associating has reduced inside sectors. On the other hand in previous course of layout of streets associated part of city (Bazaar and its shops) are illustrated by color (red) which receded from hot color to cold colors (blue). While in next course (after formation of street) the amount of accessibility is possible. From this era to next (layout of street formation) the red color axis (street) is the most associating part of city and commercial spaces in these streets can be concessive of it. Although the amount of associating is increased، disregard of hierarchy of communication spaces is drastic. Associating reduction in Bazaar which once was the highest is not positive. In reviewing the urban structure it can be said that، although after implementation of street layouts، the amount of associating has increased. But regarding addition in the amount of standard deviation after layout of street، have been met at the reduction of structuralism and city coordination and balance collision and urban solidarity. In fact by formation of the six streets، Hamadan is tattered and missed its own coordination and civic solidarity. As it said maximum value of association is equal with 0. 44 which belongs to main series (shops) of Bazaar in Hamadan، at pre course street layouts. While the maximum association at next course (1932-1953) is equal to 1. 486 which belongs to formation of avenues in Carl Frish’s project. As a result، in generation of these streets، Bazaar which had the most associated space lost its strength and the street as the most associated civil spaces were formed. After formation of cingulated streets، the maximum value of association is equal with 1. 46 in next course (1960to decade 90)، which belongs to Carl Frish’s streets design. Streets of Carl Frish’s resulted most association of civil space and it is manifested at its maximum value of association after formation after formation of cingulated streets which has diminished the important of pre course streets access. Eventually it seems that cingulated streets have undertaken the quantitative of access rate of the streets. • Generally we can summarize the influence of Carl Frish’s project on status of Hamadan as follows: • To waste spatial hierarchy or hierarchy of connection ways. • To reduce association or Bazaar access which has been the most general civil space in Qajar era. • To present avenue as city backbone • To collide the spatial balance or civil structural system.

The sanction (Tasvib) and the denigration (Takhtia) problem is one of the differences of opinions between the Moslems'' Usolist. For the answer to this question that which religion and belief follows the sanction or the denigration، there is no clear expression. Whatever we see in the principle Imamye''s writings، they relate the basis of the denigration to Imamye and the basis of the sanction to the Sunnites. After referring to the valid principle references of the Sunnites، it is revealed that this relating is not true generally. The Sunnites scientists mostly believe in the denigration basis and among them، only a small group of them follow the sanction.

Producing a complete large scale environment model which enables access to geometric as well as visual information is required by most organizations. In this regard، the use of stereo panoramas is an image based solution which has attracted the developers and users of city maps. This is due to the fact that stereo panoramas offering visual and complete view of surrounding simply. There exist a number of techniques which are used to develop stereo panoramas and each structure has its own advantages and disadvantages. This paper investigates the possibility of using off-the-shelf stereo cameras in production of stereo panoramic models from environment. In this regard، the possibility of using stereo cameras in developing a stereo panorama system is studied and different issues to produce an appropriate 3D model are investigated. Finally، the accuracy of using these types of cameras in geometric measurement through generated stereo panorama model is evaluated.