عبادالله سالک مقدم

Background and Holy Quran has mentioned sleep in several verses and has attributed the possibility of human sleep at night and during the day to divine signs and has known it as the reason of feeling comfortable. In the study of Islamic narrative resources the word “sleep” has been observed 6031 times and some words such as “to sleep”, which is among its synonyms, have been observed 2639 times. According to av Sina the first priority in “six essential principles” is exercise(sport) , the next priorities are eating and drinking, and sleeping is afterwards . To evaluate the importance of sleep, it’s sufficient to mention that deprivation of sleep in several days in a row will lead to death. So both traditional and modern medicine have paid particular attention to it.
The adequate and required sleep for adults during the day is 6 to 8 hours, although sleep timing and its structure vary according to the age and so forth. Currently 30 to 45 percent of people suffer from one of the sleep disorders. Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder which might be temporary, short-term, long-term, and chronic and the root causes need to be assessed closely. Chronic, recurrent insomnia forms a fairly rampant group of sleep disorders. In the incipient insomnia, at least for one month, the main complaint is the difficulty at the beginning and the continuity of sleeping as well as the deficiency of comfort and alacrity after sleep.
Methods and Materials: The methodology of this study has been gathered comprehensively from libraries and has used traditional and modern medicine resources and scientific articles. Subjects related to the reasons of insomnia and symptoms and complications stemming from insomnia have been introduced in both isms and with comparative study of these two, it has been ultimately concluded that the discussed reasons and complications for insomnia.
The widespread medicine, traditional medicine and Islamic resources have offered comprehensive issues related to sleep, sleep disorders, reasons and its solutions. Insufficient sleep and insomnia have been argued with the devised term “ sahr ” in traditional medicine resources and the term “insomnia” in modern medicine resources. The reasons for insomnia in traditional medicine are pain, sorrow, happiness, fury and so forth and in modern medicine insomnia stems from internal diseases or mental diseases along with innumerable complications.

Background Deferral for travel to malaria-endemic areas has excluded many blood donors in the Iran. To determine the effect of these deferrals on blood availability and safety we designed this study. Materials and Methods In cross sectional and retrospective study deferred donors due to malaria related risk factors from 2005-2010 in Tehran Blood Transfusion Center were sampled to enroll for analysis. Data were extracted from MAK data base by two different grouped keywords. 2827129 record of blood donor volunteers were surveyed for the study. Results 23462 out of all volunteers were deferred due to malaria`s risks from 2005-2010 in Tehran Blood Transfusion Center. The most frequent deferral causes related to malaria was shown travel to malaria endemic areas. The trend of deferral volunteers due to malaria''s risks was shown descending pattern after relaxing application of the present guideline for travel to very low-risk areas such as Karbala. Conclusions We estimated that the wastage of more than 7000 units of blood were prevented annually by accepting volunteers who travelled to very low malaria''s risk areas، but according to other similar studies it seem wiser to defer them for a short period (e. g. 3 months)، instead without deferral period. If cost permits، The introduction of a malarial screening test in the assessment of malaria''s risk blood donor eligibility would be an ideal strategy.

The most important factor for blood donor loyalty is the staff attitude and blood center approach. Blood donor return rate is associated with donor satisfaction and complaint follow up rates. In a retrospective study from 2005 to 2010, we evaluated all complaints in Tehran Blood Transfusion Center. SPSS version 19.5 was applied for statistical analysis. A total number of 468 complaints were evaluated; 43(9%) and 425 (91%) cases pertained to female and male blood donors, respectively. The most frequent complaint was about blood donor rejection. Blood donation department was the target of the highest percentage of complaints. In 91.5% of cases, complaints were followed. The highest level of follow up was seen for blood donation complications (98%). Since the highest percentage of complaints was addressed to blood donation department and pertained to the donor rejection, awareness raising attempts about eligibility criteria would remove most complaints.