عبدالکریم محمدی

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between resilience and academic self-concept with social desirability of secondary high school male students. The statistical population of this study consisted of 1750 male students in Gonbad Kavous city, among whom 390 were identified as the sample size using Klein method. Multistage cluster sampling was used to determine the sample. This research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of implementation was a descriptive correlational research in which the researcher investigated the relationship between variables. Data collection tools were Li yuvo wang Self-Concept Questionnaire (2005), Conor and Davidson Resilience Scale (2003) and Crown and Marlowe\'s Social Desirability Questionnaire (1996). To describe the data, descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, standard deviation and graphs) and regression test were used in the statistical inference section. The results showed that resilience and academic self-concept have a positive and significant relationship with social desirability.

According to Gabriel Marcel, humans have two kinds of relationship with the existence: “being” and “having”; that make fundamental differences in understanding the world. “Having” is used for referring to, e.g., “having an idea” and even ones’ own ideas, describing them in a concrete manner. In “having”, we are dealing with “primary thought” and an “I” and a “he” relation, which Marcel puts it against “I” and “thou” relation. In the latter, we are dealing with “being”. Meeting someone who is known as “he” means that we have relationship with him in such a way that he, as an object, is separate from us; the case is different when we meet someone as “thou”. In this relationship, we deal with “secondary thought” and it can be understood through participation and our living experience. Love, hope, fidelity and availability are categorized under “being” which is manifested in the existence of human. At the same time, these two kinds of existence are connected to each other: “being” and “having” are two levels of existence; "being" shows itself in different methods and “having” is the manifestation of “being”. In the modern age, the realm of “having” has been expanded and Marcel proposed two kinds of existence to return the expansion of the realm of “being”, i.e. human authentic experience. In this article the important question is: what is the relation between “having” and “being”? To answer this question, at first we should describe “having” and “being”.