فهرست مطالب عسکری ابراهیمی جویباری

Colloquial language in Shams' articles The words, terms, interpretations, allusions, proverbs and phrases that are popular among the people of the street and market are called colloquial language .Colloquial language has a wide reflection in Persian literary texts. This issue has a high frequency in mystical texts, especially in the words of Shams Tabrizi, because he, like other mystics, thought about the effect of his speech on the soul and psyche of the audience. Therefore, it is one of the most suitable tools. It means that colloquial language is used for fluency, simplicity and catchiness of speech. On the other hand, the peak of inner turmoil, in a maniacal mystic like Shams, breaks the structure of official language and any other framework; therefore market terms, folk tales, common beliefs, allusions, proverbs, and folk pronunciations, even evil and obscene nicknames and so on. It is abundantly seen in the words of Shams Tabrizi. .

Words, terms, phrases, verses, proverbs and phrases commonly used by people in the street are referred to as «colloquial». Although the language of conversation is widespread in the texts of Persian literature, it is more frequent in mystical texts. Indeed, the mystic audience was more than illiterate and illiterate people, and on the other hand, the mystics were more influenced by their words in the spirit and The mindset of the audience was thought to be closer to the people in the street, and Shams-e Tabrizi, who was a mystic and renowned fanatic, had his words as simple and unassuming as his life. In this descriptive-analytic study, the author tries to answer the question of how commonly speaking the language is in articles and, more importantly, what topics of conversational language have reflected in his poetry

Many authors have explained and analyzed Nowruz, the great ceremony of Aryans. For this courtesy, several foundations are considered as the religious, mythical, historical, scientific, and political ones. The glory of the above mentioned festival has been lasted by the pass of time, and various folks meet it through special rituals and have convoyed it via glorified rites in order to worship God for his abundant blessings and the supernatural forces to get their own special weal.This article attempted to investigate the relevant rites of New Year as well as Nowruz in Kurdish areas, particularly among the Ilam’s people, through the analytical-descriptive method. some are as followed: the constitution quality of Chaharshanbeh Souri festival, the last Thursday of the year, The national Shili, Haji Firouz, Zeraatali, Ghashigh Da-kay-Dan, Khajang, Sizdahbedar, Panjeh, and the other courtesies and games with the perfect details. In addition, it is struggled to introduce the historical and mythical bases of these rituals and their conservations. All the decencies of Nowruz are founded on expanding this idea that sadness is the evil commodity and happiness is the propitious gift.

The most crucial mission of human-saving schools is the felicity of human beings. The teachings of the ahl al-bayt (AS) and Nahj al-Balaghah schools have been the path to prosperity during different periods and created a god connection among poets, writers, and their works. In this regard, Gulistan Saadi has a mysterious connection with Nahj al-Balaghah. The style of expression and eloquence of Saadi's words in Gulistan is based on Nahj al-Balaghah. Besides structural similarity in the rhymes, the moral components of this book have been adapted from Nahj al-Balaghah in three ways. Sometimes interpretations and sentences directly from Nahj al-Balaghah guarantee Saadi's words in Gulistan, sometimes the common themes and moral message of these two works from similar linguistic, expressive and visual approaches persuade the reader about the Saadi's usage of Nahj al-Balaghah. In addition to these cases, the moral phrases of Gulistan are sometimes similar to Nahj al-Balaghah, which highlighted the verbal and spiritual arrangement of Gulistan. This article has analyzed the moral examples of Gulistan -which has verbal, semantic, and stylistic similarities with Nahj al-Balaghah -in a descriptive-analytical method and has indicated Saadi's benefit from this eternal source.

One of the aspects of the Persian literary index is the attention of the literary people to the Qur'anic issues and prophetic stories. A part of these stories and narrations are derived from the Holy Qur'an, which has no problems and in fact, it is ornamentation for literary texts. But a significant part of it is shaped by Israelites (Isra'iliyyat). Due to the coordination of the Holy Quran with some of the topics of the Torah and the Gospel, as well as the tendency of a group of scholars from People of the Book/Scripture, such as Ka'b Ul-Āhbar, Wahab ibn Monabbah, Abu Horayreh and others to Islam, has caused interpreters and historians to pay attention to the sources of People of the Book/Scripture and their statements. And from here, their strange and fictional stories have penetrated into the field of interpretive, historical and literary texts. Poets and writers of Persian literature who were familiar in historical and commentary texts were influenced by these myths and fabricated hadiths and unwittingly, as commentators and historians, played a key role in promoting Israelites (Isra'iliyyat). Unfortunately, the main part of these myths is related to the life of the prophets and the Prophet (PBUH) is no exception, but in the hadiths, he is exposed to the Israelites more than other prophets. This research attempts to answer the question in an analytical descriptive way: What aspects of the life of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) are affected by Israelites (Isra'iliyyat)? And what have been the role of commentators, historians and, most importantly, the role of poets and writers of Persian literature in the propagation of such fake?

The person in his surroundings deals with the names of people, places, animals, plants, objects, etc. The reason for naming many of these names is on him. One of the issues that engages the curious minds of men is to find The true connection between the name and the word from which it is interpreted as a sign The signification of literary texts reflects a great deal and can be examined in various aspects, including allegory. Undoubtedly, allegory, as a powerful and influential tool, has always led to the creation of fantasy and riches in the literary and especially mystical texts, and the works of art that are worthwhile and exquisite.In this article, the author is expanding the arts and creativity of poets and writers of Persian literature using the instrument of signification in developing parables and symbols.
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According to the famous speech of saghlein, respecting and following the way and manner of imams is very important. in addition, the children whom were created from their generation have been regarded and respected by people. Since the words: alavi, sharif, mir, seyed and sadat have been used as a term for the children of apostle of God (mohammad p. H) and for the children of Guidant imams during the Islamic and different ages and times show that the poets and writers on Persian literature also were firm in honouring and hoding dear the persons whom were possessed of specified quality [Ahle Beit] and the children of the aposteleof God and ali (ع). The great application of the term seyed and its equivalents and synonyms in prose and poem texts confirms the above mentioned statement in this paper, in addition of studying the term: seyed and its synonyms and stating the great place of sadat in Persian literature, the interaction of literary persons versus a group of sadat who ignore and fail in performing their religion tasks were described. It was stated that the moral and spiritual relation with mohammad (ع) and those whom were possessed of specified quality (Ahle Beit) is more worthful than consanguinity or relative relation.

Miracle as an effective tool in literary and especially mystical texts, has created a valuable and original work. Sometimes a historical and rare fact like attachment of the king Mahmud to the face and hair of his servant Ayyaz caused creation of the most beautiful artistic and intellectual masterpiece. What adds to the richness of these stories is the creativity and art of the most famous mystical poets such as Attar and Molavi who, in the description of their long mystical thoughts by expressing the allegorical and fascinating legends, bestowed this formal love, the divine and divine and heavenly aspect. Mahmud is considered as the allegory of God and Ayyaz as a symbol of a attracted slave.Ayyaz never forgets God even for a second and his envy ad prejudice to beloved is wonderful.Meanwhile intelligence and intuition of Ayyaz caused that due to lessons from the past, he took away the pride and with the help of God who Mahmud is allegory of this, be honored. Sometimes Mahmoud is analogy of perfect man and Ayyaz is example of devotee, so king’s overwhelming attention to him caused jealous of people around him, which reminds close relationship between Maulana and Shams.

"Esrailiat" is a term that Islamic scholars attribute to believes and superstitious stories from the side of scholars since the fist Hejira century, that developed among muslems. These ersatz legends influenced some of interpreters and chroniclers like, Tabari, Yaqubi, Ebn Asir and so on. while poets and writers of persian literature accustomed to Historical and interpretive texts and influenced by these legends and forged narratives and unwantedly played basic roles in propagating Israelite as interpreters and historians unfortunately, the main part of this legends to prophets life. One of the most effective famous person in developing "Esrailiat" is vahab ben Monabah that most of his stories and legends are about prophets which enemata from Jewish and Christian sources, have much reflect on Persian prose and verseincluding Erfanic texts. The writer is looking for to figure out do back such an insults by expressing the root and the main origin of this legends from holy threshold of prophets.

The main purpose of this paper is to explain and inteprete the teachings of saädi in respecting the rights of foreign nationals. it should be said that the relations amony nations was inevitable long ago. these relations consist some backgrounds and conditions that thinkers and the great men of nation explain them to politicians. saädi was thoughtful man who began teaching and education in youth. He has more than thirty trips around the different parts of the world in his works. He created a code on how authorieties behave with foreigners wich was drawn from Iranian religious teachings and pure-promoted culture. saädi accepts policy when it is accompanied with ethics. He knows acting moderately to other religions and nations as the key of success and development. in short, shekh Shiraz devided foreign nationals in to four classes as: business man, traveler, embassador and stranger. He didnt allow to violate the neibors land and emphasized on providing the peasants and nationals with security who live in two sides of frontiers.in saädi's opinons, embassadors must be in security before and after declaiving the message. It is the old coustom of iranians and the heaven religions confirmed it. On the whole, the frequency of being good fame of a country. and respecting the rights of freign nationals and evoiding defaming has an important role in international relations. This idea and approach of saädi to foreign nationals shows this ambitious thought.

Human in his environment deal with the name of persons, places, animals, plants, things, etc which for the most of them the reason for designating (or word derivation) such names is not disclosed to him. One of the problems, occupied the curios mind of the mankind, is finding the actual relationship between sign and signified. In fact, folk mythologies, historical, religious and epical texts, are among the main sources for word derivation which were reflected with an eloquent and sweet locution in mystical works in accordance with the thoughts of wayfarers. Another kind of word derivation is the result of creativities and artistry of mystics, which was created as a powerful tool for expressing esoteric mystical themes. Amongst the authors and poets, Attar must be regarded as the central figure of this realm. His Manteq at-Tayr which has found a worldwide publicity today is the result of his excellent use and choice word derivation that he provides for Simurgh.

In his surroundings, man deals with the names of people, places, animals, plants, things, … for most of which, he has no idea as to the origin of their nomination. One of the questions, occupying the curious mind of man, is to find the actual relationship between the signifier and the signified.Nomenclature is widely used in literature especially in Gnostic texts. Due to their individual viewpoints, poets and Gnostics look around themselves differently which leads to a unique sense of creativity in the process of mystical nomination. Recognizing different ways of nomination helps understand Gnostic texts. For this reason, this study focuses on two questions: the sources of nomination for Gnostic texts, and how the Gnostics benefitted from nomination devices in expressing the ideal Gnostic meanings.

In accordance with a great deal of documents in poems and prose, wefind that the language of people, in Market and every where, has been alignwith and coordinated to formal language from the beginning of Persianlanguage to present age. it caused Some gramamatical sbjects such af :sout noun, Takhfif, Gholb, Ebtal and etc. it is still evolving in formal andofficial language and after Centuries it is Considered as Speaking language. On the other hand, speaking language is being used in formal languagein the parts incloding adding sign, Mambers, setoric words, Monada,counting unit, and etc. it added new points to grammatical Subjects andCaused some changes which are in this paper, it was tried to show someeffects of Speaking language on Persian language grammar and Point thegreat Contemporary poets Contribution to linking the poetical and formallanguage to the common language to some documents from differentperiods specially present period.

Taking into account the plentiful of evidence in prose and rhymed works of Persian literature, it can be said that all of the authors of literary works have reverberated some beautiful and durable features of Quran and its sublime wisdom and devoted all their lives to service in the school of Quran and didnt neylet any effort to pursue this path. The emphasis of the holy Prophet regarding the virtue of praiseworthy voice and hadiths quoted from His Majesty, caused the Persian authors and poets, especially mystics and sufis, to turn their attention towards this matter. On the whole, two general views are widely stated in Persian literature about recitation of holy Quran: in the first view, good recitation has been appreciated in prose and rhymed works, and many stories and anecdotes have quoted in its support. In the other view, some of the authors and poets such as Sanai, Saadi, and Jami, in addition to support and emphasis on the former view by some authors such as blamed the blameworthy recitators and idle qaris mostly with a critical and amendatory intention and sometimes with the tools of satire and jesting reminded some valuable points to train and advice. In this dissertation it was tried to analyze and criticize both of these two views.

Words, idioms, expressions, proverbs, ironies and the phrases that are commonly used among the public samples of colloquial language from the begining of Persian titeratune, since poem be longed to the court and faced with critiques of laureates and because some emirs and ministers were also poets who looked at poems eritically, for this reason , poets made great effort to edit their poems and tried their best to use eloquen in their works. Naturally, the use of slang colloquial expressions in poem required specid delicacy and exactness. A poet who lives a mong the public and spends his life time with such people is a reper toire of popular idioms and proverbs and is able to use such devices abun dantly in his works. One of the great poets in whose poetical works, we cam abun dantly find colloquial language is khghani sharvani. He employed popular works, compounds and expressions so skifully that most readers are not able to distinguish them at the first glance.

The Israeiluians is a term used by the Islamic schools referring to superstitious beliefs and tales developed among the Book followers scholars in the first century of Hijra.These false tales, while penetrating into the Qur’an exegesis,influenced the historians as well as great scholars such as Tabari,Ya’qoobi,and Masoodi,etc.Owing to the coordination of the Glorious Qur’an with certain Gospel and Bible vefrses along with the Book scholars such as Wahab.b.Munabbeh,who were converted into Islam,provoked the commentators and historians to concentrate on the sources of the Book followers.As a result their false stories and legends penetrated into the commentary texts.From among the prophets, the Holy Adam was mostly accused and attributed to these false fictions than any other prophet.This paper deals with presenting the principle and sourse of these superstitious stories concerning the sacred status of messengers, particularly, the Holy Adam(a.s.),so that they are acquitted and absolved from these false imperfect attributes.

Israel is the name which was once used in the Koran to refer to Prophet Jacob (A. S.) (Ale-e-Emran/93). Israelites (اسرائيليات) is a term used by Islamic scholars to refer to the superstitious ideas and stories propagated among Muslims in the first century via Jewish and Christian scholars. These false legends infiltrated commentaries of the Koran and history books and influenced mystic and religious poets and writers, some of whom were reciters of the Koran and studied commentaries of the Koran. They used such stories in their poems without studying and criticizing them. Although such Israelites have inflicted plenty of damage on Persian literature, the art and skill of mystic poets and writers, such as Attar and Mowlana, caused Israeli stories to result into some new symbols and concepts in mystic literature, the most important of which will be studied in the present article.