فهرست مطالب علی ادیبی نیا

is the issue of spiritual leadership. Some researchers have pointed out the importance of spiritual leadership in creating a stable work environment for employees and consider it to increase productivity in the organization, and others have discussed other aspects of the effect of spiritual leadership on the productivity of human resources. Therefore, the need to review and present scientific and research achievements in this field is felt more and more. In this study, the systematic review method was used as a research method, and in order to examine the research process, the framework of Arksi and O'Malley (2005) was used as a guide, and in this framework, the stages of analysis were described based on the most effective methods and the simplest instructions. The statistical population of the research, 654 articles from Scopus and Google Scholar databases, and Elsevier, Wiley, Francis and Taylor publications, after screening, 54 articles, which matched the purpose of the research, were selected as the sample size. In this research, a four-level framework is used to present an integrated concept, and research findings are presented in the form of individual, team, organizational, and extra-organizational levels. The result of the research shows that researchers and managers of organizations can increase the motivation of people and organizational productivity by considering spiritual leadership at four levels (individual, team, organizational, and extra-organizational).

One of the most important tasks of educational governance is the timely review of educational systems and processes, especially in the field of higher education. It seems that the opportunity and experiences gained during the Covid-19 pandemic have intensified this process. Based on this, designing and implementing educational activities in the most desirable ways is a serious tool for an effective and efficient educational system in the country. For this purpose, the purpose of this study is to examine the lived experience of Tehran University management students from virtual education during the corona virus epidemic and to provide solutions to improve the way of education. The method used in this qualitative research is phenomenological analysis. Using phenomenological analysis, it is possible to understand how the target society understands the world around them and what the specific experiences mean for them. The statistical population in this research includes those management students of Tehran University who had a history of participating in offline and virtual classes at the same time as the spread of the corona virus in the university. The researchers of this research have reached theoretical saturation by conducting 29 interviews. The findings of Haaz's research show that offline and virtual classes have both advantages and disadvantages, which are discussed separately. Finally, the results of this research, by analyzing the content of research data, provide a mixed model for virtual and face-to-face training.