فهرست مطالب علی اصغر پورشانظری

Different doses of morphine affect on cardiac myocytes by k and δ opioid receptors. This study is aimed to determine the effects of morphine addiction on lesion size of myocardial infarction and levels of creatine phosphokinase andlactate dehydrogenase in rats. This study was performed on 30 male wistar rats weighing 200-250gr. The rats were divided into 3 groups includingcontrol, test 1 (administration of chronic morphine + myocardial infarction + 40mg/kg morphine) and test 2 (administration of chronic morphine + myocardial infarction + 20mg/kg morphine). Myocardial infarction was induced by ligation method. After two days rats were killed and blood and heart sampleswere isolated for measurement of creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase and infarction size respectively. This study showed that administration of morphine decreases the infarction size,creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase, in study groups. According to the results of this study, prescribing morphine to addict patients, before myocardial infarction, in doses that they used before, may reduce withdrawal symptoms and myocardial infarction size

Background and Morphine addiction and morphine withdrawal syndrome are of main problems in human societies. In the present study، effect of nicotine on the strength of physical and psychological dependency، produced by single and repeated doses of morphine، was investigated. Male wistar rats were dependent to morphine with single and repeated dose protocols. In the single dose protocol، rats received only one dose of morphine and 24h later were given Naloxone. In the repeated dose protocol، rats received incremental doses of morphine for 7 days and 24h after the last dose (8th day) were given Naloxone. In the single dose protocol، rats were given one dose of nicotine 30 min before Naloxone. However in the repeated doses they received nicotine 15 min before morphine for 4 days from 4th day to 7th day. 5 min after Naloxone each rat′s behavior was captured for 30 min. then physical and psychological signs of withdrawal syndrome were recorded. Results showed that injection of repeated and even single dose of morphine can produce dependency. Nicotine consumption attenuated strength of withdrawal syndrome signs، specially increasing weight excrement and total withdrawal score in single dose protocol and weight excrement increasing، weight decreasing، place aversion، and total withdrawal score in repeated dose treatment. Based on our data، even a single dose of morphine can produce dependency in rats. Conversely، Nicotine consumption attenuates strength of withdrawal syndrome signs.

The happiness and felicity of every person to a large extent is related to his/her communication with others. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of transactional analysis training on the parent's function of high school boy students in Rafsanjan in 2009.

This experimental study was performed on 40 parents of high school boys who had acquired low scores from FAD1 questioner. The parents were randomly divided into two groups (control and an experimental group). The experimental group were trained under transactional training for 10 sessions, and hatf and 1/5 hours each session for one week. Then the FAD test was performed for both groups. Manova and Variance analysis were used to analyze the data.

The results of the study indicated that the mean of the functional scores of post test in the experimental group compared to the control group was statistically significant (134.7 ± 9/87, 96/4 ± 10/72) (p<0001). Also after the post test there was a statically significant difference between the parents function (role, express of affection, and problem solving) in the two groups (p<0001). The functional scores of the experimental group increased from 42.1, 39 and 15.9 to 57.9, 57.9 and 22.9 respectively. This indicates that transactional analysis training has improved the parents functions.

Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that transactional analysis training can be an effective method for an adult relationship and improve the weak relationships.

Evidences suggest that acid ascorbic (AA) has antioxidative effects and stroke patients with high levels of acide ascorbic (AA), show better behavioral outcomes. In this study, the neuroprotective effect of AA, was investigated 3 hours after embolic model of cerebral ischemia. In this experimental study, rats were assigned to vehicle, AA and sham-operation. Stroke was induced by embolizing a preformed clot into the right MCA. For measuring infarct volume, 48 h later, the brain was removed, sectioned and stained with triphenyltetrazolum chloride and analyzed by a commercial image processing software program. Behavioral tests including neurological deficits and sensory impairment were also applied at 24 and 48 hours after the embolization. The infarct volume in control and AA groups was 29.41± 2.6% and 9.52±1.57%, respectively. Compared to the control group, AA significantly decreased infarct volume (p<0.001). AA late therapy also improved neurological deficits (p<0.05) and sensory impairments (p<0.001) at 48 h after the stroke. Our data showed that AA may have beneficial effects on treatment and management of stroke. Further studies should be undertaken to clarify the neuroprotective effects of AA after stroke.

Introduction & Studies have shown that estrogen has important cardiovascular protective role. Nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) is the termination point for all afferent of baroreceptor fibers that is important in regulation of heart function and circulation. For recognizing the estrogen mechanisms the role of estrogen through autonomic system in NTS have been evaluated. Hypertension state, estrogen increases baroreflex sensivity in NTS through autonomic system in rats. Present study was an experimental-interventional study performed on 32 male rats. After introduction of anesthesia, ovariectomy and capsulation was happened. After two weeks their femoral artery and vein cannulated to recorded mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate(HR), also for infusion of phenylephrin (as a vasoconstrictor).Then NTS by drugs (Propranolol, Atropin, Saline) have injected and? HR and? MAP recorded before & after injection of phenylephrin. For evaluating of baroreceptors sensivity, BRS index (Δ HR/ Δ MAP) was employed. HR and MAP in estrogen received groups, without phenylephrine "rest state", had no significant statistical differences in comparison with control group. Estrogen in acute hypertension state "after injection of phenylephrine" enhanced reflex bradycardia and inhibited rising of MAP.? HR in estrogen received group was less than control group (p<0.05).? MAP in estrogen received group was significantly less than control group, (p<0.01). BRS in estrogen received group was significantly more than control group, (p<0.01). BRS in estrogen received group and control group decrease significantly after the micro-injection of Atropin compared with the microinjection of Saline or Propranolol in female rats. The results demonstrate that estrogen enhanced bradicardial baroreflex sensitivity and decreased mean of arterial pressure. Micro-injection of Atropin decreased significantly BRS compared with Propranolol. Probably parasampatetic system is more invole in control of cardiovascular regulation in NTS and the Muscarin receptor in cardiovascular regulation is more important than beta-adrenergic receptor. It is concluded that estrogen in acute hypertension state in NTS is more effective through parasympatetic system on BRS and this can be useful in HRT/ERT even in male animals.

Chemokines are low molecular weight proteins (8-17kDa) with the main role of immune cells recruitment to injured tissues. IP-10/Mob-1 is a CXC chemokine and different cell systems in response to external stimulation produce this chemokine. Various signaling pathways are used by cell and tissue systems to regulate production of proteins e.g. chemokines. Therefore we have investigated some of these pathways leading to production of IP-10/Mob-1 by primary cultured hepatocytes.

In the present study, hepatocyts were isolated from male Sprague Dawley rats and cultured on Waymouth medium in presence and absence of different inhibitors such as SB203580, MG132, KN62 and Staurosporine for indicated time points. Supernatant medium of culture was centrifuged and proteins were isolated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, then membranes were incubated with IP-10/Mob-1 antibody overnight and followed by incubation with secondary antibody and then IP-10/Mob-1 was detected by ECL.

We showed that the expression of IP-10/Mob-1 has been decreased in presence of Staurosporine (10 and 50μM), SB203580(50μM) MG132 (20μM) and KN62 (10 and 20μM) but did not change in absence or lower concentrations of these inhibitors.

Hence, these in vitro data may aid to a better understanding of the pathways in chronic liver injuries and identify clinical studies that may aid in treatment or prevention of these conditions. Furthermore, there may be further potential to prevent changes to hepatocyte phenotype and allow isolation of hepatocytes with a greater physiological phenotype. Therefore it could be concluded that all of these pathways are used by hepatocytes regarding expression of IP-10/Mob-1.

Poor educated people in some parts of Iran use burned mantles as a wound healing powder to prevent the bleeding and infections caused by injuries. Some lantern mantles contain low levels of radioactive thorium for maximizing the light output, while non-radioactive mantles contain yttrium. Although radioactive lantern mantles may cause a minimal radiation health hazard, it is generally believed that it would be dangerous when inhaled or ingested. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of burned radioactive lantern mantles on wound healing. Twenty rats were divided randomly into two groups of 10 animals each. After inducing general anesthesia, full thickness excision wound (314±31.4 mm2) was made on the dorsal neck in all animals. The 1st group received topical burned radioactive lantern mantle powder at 1st-3rd day after wound excision. The presence of radioactivity in the mantle was detected using a Monitor-4 survey meter. The 2nd group received non-radioactive lantern mantle powder at the same days. Accurate blind surface measurement of the wounds was performed by transparency tracing to assess the wound healing at 1st, 3rd, 7th, 10th and 15th days after excision. A progressive reduction in the wound area of both groups was observed. However, for thorium treated group, the rate of recovery was significantly enhanced compared to that of the control group. Although this value in the thorium group was not significantly different from that of the control group at the 3rd and 5th days after wounding, a statistically significant difference was observed between these two groups at the day7, day10 and day 15. The mean wound surface in thorium and control groups were 150.20±15.87 and 186.37±12.68 mm2 at day7 (p<0.001), 92.90±15.97 and 134.12±14.19 mm2 at day 10 (p<0.001), 1.40±0.41 and 8.56±2.04 mm2 at day15 after wounding, respectively (p<0.01). These findings suggest that low-level radioactive burned mantle accelerates wound healing in rats. However, as thorium oxide is a known human carcinogen, more research is needed to clarify if low levels of radioactive burned mantle can be utilized for enhancing wound healing.

Ovarian and steroid hormones have long and short-term effects on brain. Progesterone has functional and structural effect on Hippocampus neurons. In epilepsy probably the number of brain neurons can reduce due to cell mortality. Therefore, in this study effect of progesterone were evaluated on the number of CA3 Hippocampus neurons. In this experimental study, 45 Male wistar rats were divided into 5 groups. 5 rats selected as an intact group. Group1 (control) were received, 50-mg/kg- pentylenetetrazd (PTZ) i.p. for kindling. Group 2 received PTZ sesom oil (i.p) (vehicle), 30 min before, groups 3 and 4 received 25 and 50 mg/kg progesterone (i.p) 30 min before receiving PTZ. PTZ injected every 48 h and the rate of mortality, seizure stage and duration of V phase were calculated during in min after PTZ injection. If animal reach to phase 5, for three times they were considered as kindled rats and anesthetized by ether for histological study. Their brain were perfuse for fixation by formaldehyde (10%). and after passage and blocking, 10 micron slices prepared and stained with H & E and Cresyl violet methods. Then CA3 neurons were counted with morphometric lens per mm2. The results were shown that injection of 25 and 50mg/kg progesterone reduced duration of phase V from 175.2 S in sham to 123.1 S and 113.1 S respectively, (p<0.05 and p<0.01). PTZ reduced the number of CA3 neurons form 178.3±8 in intact animals to 123.2±14.2 in control (p<0.05). The mean number of neurons in 25 and 50 mg/kg progesterone were 137.3±10.5 and 145±8.5 respectively. The number of CA3 neuron in 50mg/kg progesterone group had significant difference compared to control group (p<0.05). The results of this study showed that, neuron mortality due to PTZ, reduced in progesterone receiving group compared to control. It seem that there is correlation between neuron mortality and phase 5 duration in progesterone receiving group.

Epidemiological studies suggested that incidence of cardiovascular diseases in menopause women is more than their nonmenopausal period. The cardioprotective role of estrogen may be responsible for some of these effects. In the present study we evaluated the role of female sex hormones on baroreflex sensitivity in acute hypertension state of rat. This was an experimental-interventional study that performed on 48 male and female rats. The male and female animals were separately divided into three groups included vehicle, estrogen and progesterone receiving groups (8 animals in each groups). Anesthetized female animals were ovariectomised, and then all animals were encapsulated with capsules containing sex hormones or solvent. 2 weeks after that, each femoral artery and vein cannulated under anesthetization to record mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and also infusion of phenylephrin. ∆HR and ∆MAP were recorded before and after injection of phenylephrin, to evaluate the baroreceptors function, baroreflex sensitivity [BRS (∆HR/∆MAP)] index was used. The data obtained from power lab instrument and processed by computer. HR and MAP in estrogen and progestrone received groups, before phenylephrin injection (rest state), have no statistical differences with control group. BRS in the male estrogen-receiving group (0.6±0.03) was higher (p<0.05) compared to sham (0.48±0.05), also estrogen increased BRS (p<0.05) in female estrogen receiving group (0.76±0.03) compared to sham (0.45±0.05). Mean artrial pressure and heart rate in both estrogen receiving groups were reduced compared to vehicle group. Therefore it can be concluded that estrogen increased baroreflex sensitivity to prevent variation in acute blood pressure.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of connective tissue that has affected 1% of human population. The role of calcium antagonists in acute inflammation has shown by previous studies. Therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of verapamil and nifedipine (two calcium antagonists) on experimental arthritis induced by complete Ferund’s adjuvant (CFA) in rat knee. This experimental study was carried out in 8 groups of adult male rats. In group 1 and 2 (CFA and control group), 0.2 ml of CFA or saline solution were injected respectively. Groups 3and 4 received 100 and 800µg/kg nifedipine and groups 5 and 6 received the same doses of verapamil orally 7 days after injection of CFA till the end of study. Group 7 (solvent group) received dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as same as groups 5 and 6 and group 8 received 15mg/kg ibuprofen daily from day 7th orally with gastro-intestinal tube. The changes caused by chronic inflammation were evaluated by measurement the knee diameter and Evans blue (E.B) content through 28 through days of CFA injection. The finding of this study showed that on day 7th after CFA injection the knee diameter (13.1±0.2mm) increased significantly compared to the day zero (9.99±0.08 mm). The increasing of diameter was significant till the end of study (day 28) (p<0.001). DMSO failed to reduce the increased diameter induced by CFA but the high dose of nifedipine on day 14, 21 and 28 and its low dose only on day 28 reduced the increased diameter significantly (p<0.01). The low dose of verapamil on days 14 and 28 and its high dose only on day 28 have had an inhibitory effect. Ibuprofen inhibited the increased diameter during all 28 days of study significantly (p<0.01). The E.B content before the injection of CFA was 2.97±0.14 µg/100mg tissue that increased significantly after injection of CFA. Whereas 7 days after CFA injection, E.B content was 12.37±0.7µg/100mg tissue (p<0.001). Either low or high dose of calcium channel blockers had significant inhibitory effect on E.B content on days 14, 21 and 28 p<0.001. The inhibitory effect of calcium channel blockers on E.B content was comparable to ibuprofen effect on the day 28. The findings of this study showed that nifedipine and verapamil can inhibit the experimental arthritis induced by CFA injection into the rat knee, by reducing the knee diameter and decrease the E.B content (albumin leakage).