فهرست مطالب علی اندیده

One of the issues that has always occupied the human mind is the meaning of life. This issue is more important in today's world because today, despite the vast advances in science and technology, the dust of despair and sense of meaninglessness is sitting on the mirror of people's thoughts, and anxiety and worry mixed with a painful sense of fear, doubt, and absurdity have spread their shadow everywhere. For this reason, different viewpoints have sought an answer for the meaningfulness of life, one of which is the religious viewpoint. In the religious texts, there is a wave of purposefulness of creation, a believer has a spiritual life, and his life is growing and getting closer to God. Therefore, the spirituality arising from religion in general and the religion of Islam in particular, has foundations, components, and a structure that has a significant effect on giving meaning to human life. Hence, the current research, by examining the role of religious spirituality, has sought to answer this question: what role does religious spirituality play in giving meaning to human life? The research followed the descriptive analytical approach and data collection was done using library resources. After examining the foundations and characteristics of religious spirituality, its capabilities and success rate in giving meaning to life were examined. The findings of the research indicated that religious spirituality, with its foundations such as the originality of the soul, the originality of nature, the originality of the unseen world, and the originality of the Sharia, draws meaning from life for humans, which, while having a variety of individual and social functions, has features such as simplicity and clarity, adaptability and responsiveness to inner tendencies, and creating vitality and real lasting hope.

Salafis view those Muslims believing in such religious subjects as shafa`at, istighathah, tabarruk and visiting holy shrines to be polytheist. This research uses a descriptive-analytical method and a librarian study to criticise their method of quoting and using the Quranic verses and narrations. The findings of the research show that contrary to the perception of Ibn Taymiyyah and his Salafi followers, the appearance of the verses of the Qur'an shows that the worship of the pagans was not just to get closer to God, and they worshiped their idols as lords. The Salafis' confrontation with the hadiths is also biased. They belong to Ibn Taymiyyah in all aspects, and their effort is to elaborate and emphasize Ibn Taymiyyah's views.

In the qur’ānic parenting, father and mother are deemed as responsible for the cultivation of the children. This style of the noble Qur’ān is expressed in the form of various factors including sets of behaviors, instructions, and methods that individually or collaboratively influence the spiritual and emotional development of the children in various aspects of their lives. This phenomenon can be examined in two directions, namely parents’ agency and parenting factors. With regard to the parents’ agency, the father and the mother consider their children as God’s grace, feel special responsibility for them, and pursue guiding and directing them in various grounds in order to help them attain psychological healthfulness, stability, and balance. This study set out to extract the factors effective on parenting from the verses of the noble Qur’ān through library research, description, and content analysis. In the next stage, each of these factors was explained from the viewpoint of psychology. The findings of the study showed that according to the verses of the noble Qur’ān, parents should observe the two principles of assigning tasks based on children’s potentials and positive interaction with them, respond to their needs, and respect their personality. Making correct use of reward and punishment, providing sexual education, and paying attention to the factors that can increase self-efficacy of the children and enhance their self-confidence are among other factors of responsible parenting style that are pointed out in the qur’ānic verses.

This research, by analyzing the nature and type of divine caliphate, describes the necessity of Khalifah of Allah and Imam Mahdi (PBUH) being Khalifa of Allah based on the views of Ayatollah Beladi Bushehri. In his view, the philosophy of the work of the divine prophets and the philosophy of the installation and appointment of Imam is related to the position of Imam Mahdi's Caliph of Allah. This position, the Imam Mahdi (PBUH) Caliphate, is the manifestation of the divine mercy and the offering of grace and of the traditions of God, for the creation of the caliph of Allah. The persistence of the goals of the Prophets, including the thinking and intellectual authority, the preservation and continuation of the Sharia, the continuity of guidance, the protection of religion from its distortion and their proper implementation are the essential components of the need for the Khalifah of Allah in the field of theology. From the point of view of Allama Beladi, the difference between the caliph of Allah, the Khalifa al-Rasul and the Imam, Imam Mahdi (AS) is not inherent in all attributes, authorities and actions, except for prophecy like prophets.