فهرست مطالب علی اکبر جهاندیده

Adipocytokines play an important role in controlling energy homeostasis, and in various metabolic processes related to obesity.  Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of 8-week of combined exercise training on plasma leptin and adiponectin levels in obese boys.

A total of 40 obese boys (age: 12.7±0.46 years, weight 78.46±10.19 kg, height 161.72±8.16 cm, and body fat 33.04±4.30 %) were divided into two combined exercise training (CT) and control groups. Subjects in the CT group participated in a combined aerobic (30 min) and resistance (one set of 7 resistance exercises) training program 3 times/week for 8 weeks, whereas those in the control group had no regular exercise and continued their routine daily activities. Body mass, body fat, plasma leptin and adiponectin levels were measured before and after the training program.  The data were compared using Paired and ‌independent t-test.

The between-group comparison showed that body fat percentage (P=0.42), body weight (P=0.88) and plasm leptin level (P=0.065) did not change significantly after combined exercise training; however, plasma adiponectin level (P=0.001) and adiponectin/ body fat (%) ratio (P= 0.014) increased significantly in response to combined exercise training.

The results indicated that eight-week combined exercises training increased plasma adiponectin level in childhood obesity. Furthermore, regular physical activity without simultaneous changes in body composition level had no significant effect on leptin level.

One of the most important features of humans is the existence of excellent cortex functions. Psychologists and researchers in the field of neuroscience have long sought to investigate the cognitive functions of brain. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate changes in cognitive processes during and after one session of specific futsal intermittent endurance test based on transient hypofrontality thesis.

The current study was a field study following a semi experimental design. The statistical population consisted of young futsal players in Quchan city. A total of 12 male beginner futsal players (age: 17.16±.78 years old, height: 171±4.19 cm, and weight: 63.38±6.64 kg) participated in the study. Independent variables were intensity of exercise and time periods (intra-group factor) included before, during, and 1 and 15 minutes after stopping one session of intermittent endurance activity. The dependent variable included the mean of interference scores of word and color stimulus via the stroop test software. The results were analyzed using repeated measures of ANOVA and SPSS (version 20) software.

The results showed that there were significant differences in cognitive interference by stroop test between the time before the start of the test and cognitive function of the fatigue time due to the intermittent endurance test as well as the cognitive function of 1 and 15 minutes of rest after the end of the test and cognitive function due to fatigue (P = 0.05).

According to the results, it seems that transient hypofrontality during physical activity of the futsal intermittent endurance occurs at high intensities. Therefore, it is recommended that futsal coaches use specific decision-making and information processing training to increase their cognitive and psychological capacities in their exercises.

It seems that vitamin-mineral supplementation reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress. However، the adaptation occurred after vitamin-mineral supplementation، especially in pubertal، age is not clear yet. Therefore this study is aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin-mineral supplementation on anti-oxidant enzymes، Malone Dialdehyde (MDA)، and performance in young elite swimmers in pubertal age. Twenty-four female elite swimmers (12. 93 1. 22) volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly divide into two groups: vitamin-mineral supplemented (N=12) and control (N=12) groups. Both groups participated in a monthly swimming program (they trained three times a week for a total of four weeks). They swam almost 3. 5 to 4 km/day Blood sampling was done before and after training period to assess anti oxidant enzymes. 100 m crawl records were measured at the beginning and at the end of training period. Independent t test and paired sample t test were used to analyze the data. Antioxidant enzymes increased in vitamin-mineral supplemented group but this increase was only significant in superoxide dismutase (p<0. 04). In control groups، glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) significantly decreased (p<0. 01). In between-groups comparison، superoxide dismutase (p<0. 04) and GSH-Px (p<0. 002) had a significant change at the end of the period. No significant change was observed in MDA and swimming performance in both groups. ‍ Vitamin/mineral supplementation especially during heavy swimming training was found to improve some antioxidant enzymes performance during pubertal age that can be considered by coaches in high level.

Low back pain is a very common health care problem affecting 85% of population. Spine rehabilitation programs are very various in subjects with chronic low back pain but core stability training is often the chosen treatment. However, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of consecutive supervised core stability training on pain intensity and disability of nonspecific chronic low back pain.

Twenty-four non-athletic females with chronic low back pain were participated in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group (12 days consecutively under physical therapist supervision) and control group (no intervention). The subjects in both groups were not allowed to perform any sport activity during 12 days of study. Before and after the intervention, visual analogue scale and the ososetry disability index were used to assess pain intensity and disability, respectively.

The findings show that the disability and intensity pain variables were significantly decreased in the experimental group (P=0.0001 and P=0.003, respectively), while no significant changes were found with respect to those variables in the control group.

Consecutive supervised core stability training may decrease the pain intensity and disability of the patients with chronic low back pain.

Appetite control affects food intake and obesity.The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of moderate andheavy resistance exercise on appetite, food intake and energy expenditure inhealthy men. A cross-over research design was used and the studywas performed on a population of 13 male volunteers from employees ofSabzevar University in 3 group containing control, moderate resistance exercise(70-75% of one repetition maximum) and heavy resistance exercise (80-85% ofone repetition maximum) groups within 90 minutes and including 8 types ofmovement with 3 sets and 10 repetition. The food given to men before and onthe day of the exercises was similar. The appetite was recorded by appetitequestionnaire and norm (VAS) before, immediately after exercise, and 3 and 9hours after the exercise protocol. Food intake and energy expenditure wasrecorded by food intake and energy expenditure questionnaire before and on theday of the exercises. Data was analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA with asignificant level of p<0.05. Having the results collected, there were no significant changes inappetite and in the effects of moderate and heavy resistance exercise. Calorieintake showed an increase on protocol day rather than the previous day ofprotocol and immediately after protocol day returned to level of previous day ofprotocol. Energy expenditure showed an increase on protocol day rather than theprevious day of protocol and immediately after protocol day in resistanceexercise groups. The results of the study indicate that one session moderate andheavy resistance exercise had no significant effects on appetite due to imbalancein significant negative energy and due increase energy expenditure on protocolday rather than the previous day of protocol.