فهرست مطالب علی اکبر موسوی موحدی

Universities have indeed been key institutions in the development of education and research over the past century. However, the landscape of higher education is evolving rapidly in this century to meet the demands of a knowledge-based economy and a changing society. The modern university now must focus on teaching and research accompanying on promoting the popularization of science, preserving scientific culture, and providing services to the society in the direction of sustainable development. In some countries, universities are evolving into transnational corporations, bringing with them a shift towards an economic-focused discourse driven by the global market. This change was exacerbated by the coronavirus pandemic and the development of cyberspace, which in many cases seems to have diverted higher education from the path of science and learning. A number of colleges and universities around the world have been forced to downsize or close their doors entirely. Some other countries seem to have adapted relatively quickly and made emergency investments in online technology, and it looks like a new renaissance in higher education is dawning.The main task of higher education is to cultivate knowledgeable, capable and ethical human resources who can effectively lead society and uncover the mysteries of the natural world, human psychology, and the cosmos, utilizing these discoveries for the advancement of humanity and all living beings. When universities prioritize financial gain over their educational and research mission, scientific progress is hindered, and the exploration of hidden phenomena is limited.Universities must not merely exploit existing knowledge, which has been obtained through education and research in the past, for economic ends but must also strive to acquire future knowledge through ongoing education and research to avoid regression. While artificial intelligence institutions are expanding, it is crucial to educate individuals who possess wisdom, reason, steering society towards a more ethical and transcendental path.It is imperative to remain vigilant to prevent universities from becoming profit-driven enterprises and to actively support the advancement of science and the education of capable individuals. Governments and society must address the financial needs of universities to prevent them from being sidelined by economic pressures and to ensure they continue to lead the way in scientific discoveries and innovations.

The causative virus of Covid-19 is from the family of corona viruses, which causes acute respiratory distress syndrome. The virus that causes Covid-19 is structurally similar to the viruses that cause SARS and MERS diseases, and for this reason, this virus has been called SARS-CoV in scientific circles. This virus uses a special receptor that other corona viruses use for pathogenicity and infection.

In this research, the structure and functional characteristics of virus proteins were investigated using a systematic review method and selection of authentic and up-to-date articles from literature.

Four types of proteins play an important role in this virus: Spike protein, which plays an important role in the overall structure of the virus, and its presence on the surface of the virus creates a crown-like appearance in the virus; Envelope protein that causes pathogenicity and causes infection. Nucleocapsid protein and the Membrane protein, which in addition to playing a role in the structure of the virus, have an effect on increasing infection and also altering the cell cycle. Mutations of this virus have been reported in different parts of the world based on the phylogenetic network and geographic locations of the virus. These mutations sometimes give rise to new strains around the world, which include different types of mutations such as deletions and substitutions. In addition to the mentioned cases, the body's reaction to this virus is very important when it causes an infection, because in some cases, the association of stress with viral infection causes severe inflammatory responses and even autoimmune responses.

The different structures and functions of viral proteins in different variants of SARS-CoV-2 virus play an important role in the severity of symptoms of patients with Covid-19. Therefore, acknowledging these genetic variations is very important in designing and making vaccines and treating patients with Covid-19.

Mirza Taqi Khan Amir Kabir uses an instructive statement: "If you aim on a one-year activity, grow wheat; if your aim for on a ten-year activity, plant a tree; and if you aim for a hundred-year plan of activity, train human". Human being in all age periods starting from period of childhood up to old age, need training and use of educational centers whose pillars are based on noble family life structure, science-oriented schools, science-ethic based universities, wise academies and finally cultural and moral oriented society. Social and respectful position of educators, teachers and professors constitute as the main pillars of human education. Therefore, as a first step, it is necessary to recognize and train and educate capable teachers for building capacity of above-mentioned educations.In the cultural society, it is necessary that the seeds of reproduction of culture be based on knowledge and moral ethic. It takes decades to have a knowledgeable and experienced teacher for educating and training of our children. One of the most important and priority programs of the country should be preserving outstanding teachers in schools and universities and gain their general satisfaction. The infrastructure needed for country's progress resides on the realm of scientific education and ethical culture and satisfaction of teachers, pupils as well as students. Changes in migration trend of brilliant talents and reversing the migration of scientists should be principal policy of the country's short-term planning and where speed of decision-making process and well thought practical plans can play an important role in economic transformation and curbing inflation. It can be noted that industrial production that is aimed for export purpose goes through the cycle of science and requires coordination and centralization of scientific human resources. Toward this goal, collaboration among scientific centers, universities aiming at high level goals and industry and government sectors combined with investment of private sector and finally people may provide the main solution to adjust and reverse the migration of brilliant talents.   Ali A. Moosavi-Movahedi     Editor-in-Chief

ChatGPT is a conversational AI tool developed by OpenAI and introduced in November 2022. This tool generates human-like text responses. Its applications are in various fields, including education, medicine and health, legal issues, coding and program troubleshooting, and scientific research. In these areas, ChatGPT can generate and refine content, simplify and summarize content, help recognize patterns, process and analyze data, and promote collaboration and communication between researchers and the public. In using ChatGPT, several ethical considerations are raised, including data privacy and security, intellectual property and authorship, illegal misuse, transparency and explain ability, false information, biases, human-machine interactions, and responsibility and accountability. Its uncontrolled use can cause problems, and researchers are working to improve its accuracy and reliability. The opinion of international publishers about ChatGPT is that this tool cannot be used as an author in scientific articles and can only be used to improve writing and summarizing and can never take the place of the original researcher. The use of ChatGPT for scientific research has brought great progress that despite several debates and ethical concerns, ChatGPT has attracted the attention of academics in a very short period of time.

Previous studies have demonstrated a significant correlation between happiness and physical and spiritual health. Not only does happiness expedite patient recovery, but it also bolsters the health of non-ill individuals. This suggests a novel strategy for promoting public health by enhancing people's happiness. Depressive disorders, which are characterized by a lack of life satisfaction and happiness, are among the leading causes of disability worldwide. Evidence indicates that modern industrial lifestyles may contribute to a higher likelihood of depression, underscoring the importance of identifying factors that influence happiness and depression. The factors underlying happiness can be divided into two primary categories: internal and external. Happiness, as an emotion, arises from the interplay of these factors. Genetics and genes contributing significantly influence individual happiness levels. Internal factors impacting happiness include the interaction of happiness-related neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and endorphin with the emotional regulation centers in the brain. The functions of certain hormones like cortisol, adrenaline, and oxytocin, the activity of the immune system, inflammation, and the level of oxidative stress also play a role. Researchers posit that the biological pathways associated with happiness are modulated by environmental and social factors. In other words, the biochemical pathways leading to happiness can be managed through lifestyle and environmental adjustments. Elements such as a balanced diet, adequate sleep, regular exercise, prayer and meditation, calm music, exposure to nature and sunlight, positive attitude to social relationships are good lifestyle factors that can enhance happiness and life satisfaction.

The cellular circadian clock is a fundamental and intricate intrinsic mechanism present in all living organisms, governing a diverse set of physiological and behavioral processes with notable precision. At the molecular level, the cellular circadian clock revolves around complex interactions between core clock genes and their protein products, forming transcription-translation feedback loops that generate approximately 24-hour rhythms. This article delves into the coordination of cellular clocks with environmental cues, including light, and explores how these external signals synchronize internal rhythms with the daily circadian rhythm. Special emphasis is placed on the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in mammalian brains, acting as the central pacemaker to synchronize environmental clocks throughout the body. Furthermore, the profound impact of circadian disruptions on human health is examined, with its involvement demonstrated in various disorders, ranging from metabolic diseases to mood disorders. This article highlights current research endeavors aimed at unraveling the underlying mechanisms of the cellular circadian clock. Understanding the intricate functioning of this internal timekeeper holds considerable potential for the development of chrono-therapeutic approaches and the optimization of therapeutic strategies for diverse disorders. Finally, we propose potential solutions for precise and optimal regulation of the body's cellular circadian clock and daily rhythm.

The recent Covid-19 pandemic has developed the critical importance of digital technologies in healthcare. Now more than ever, traditional models of healthcare are being replaced by increasingly digital technologies, with many people relying on the Internet and digital devices to access medical services and treatments. The advancement of digital tools is revolutionizing health services and many emerging devices promise special care for patients.Biosensors are used for full-time patient monitoring, which enables rapid diagnosis and interventions. Robots are also active for care, rehabilitation and precise surgeries even remotely or targeted delivery of medicine. Also, artificial intelligence and machine learning are widely used to build automated clinical decision-making systems in medicine. Digital devices have the ability to accurately diagnose even early stages of disease, treat disease, and enhance health care for personalized medicine, offering numerous opportunities to facilitate prevention, early detection of life-threatening diseases, and management of chronic conditions outside of traditional health care settings.Digital health is the flow of data from patients (data generated simultaneously by the patient), transfer to devices or specialists or health machines that analyze the data and provide meaning and model creation, then provide information and treatments and managed the needs of the patient.For the progress and optimal use of medicine, the issue of digital health literacy is an urgent need for the support of basic and fundamental sciences converging with engineering sciences so that in-depth work and genuine diagnosis of diseases, especially complex and incurable diseases, can be achieved in the early stages.

Nobel Prize 2022 in Chemistry was jointly awarded to three scientists, Barry Sharpless, Morten Meldahl, and Carolyn Bertozzi. This award was given due to the efforts of these three scientists in the field of "click chemistry". Simply known as the simplification of difficult reactions, click chemistry was introduced to the world of science in 2001 by Sharpless. Click chemistry means small molecules can be put together in a simple way, and the word click is indicative of this issue. Sharpless and Meldal independently designed the alkyne-cycloalkyne coupling reaction with azide. This reaction takes place in the presence of a high-efficiency copper catalyst and selectively produces one hundred percent of a product. Bertozzi connected click reactions to the world of biological sciences and used these reactions for bio-orthogonal reactions. Click reactions can be used in biological reactions involving living cells without damaging them. According to the achievements of click chemistry, we can imagine a clear perspective in cancer recognition and treatment. In this article, an attempt has been made to provide a simple and efficient explanation about click chemistry and the winners of the Nobel Prize 2022 in Chemistry.

In fact, digital health is the application of information theory and communication technology based on artificial intelligence (AI) to exchange medical information. Digital health involves connecting health-related data, including data generated by patients themselves, and harnessing the power of common technological tools, such as smart phones, health bands, apps, platforms, social media, and sensor devices that exist in the living environment. Digital health as the flow of data from patients (patient-generated data) remotely, not just in hospitals, to devices or health professionals (who analyze and interpret the data), then back to required devices, which describes the data, it means that finally the information and treatments needed by the patient are recommended and managed. The good news is that using AI to create intelligent processes and workflows can make healthcare simpler, cheaper, more effective, more personalized and fairer. Machine learning, a popular subfield of artificial intelligence, uses large data sets and identifies patterns of interaction between variables. These techniques can uncover previously unknown diseases, generate new hypotheses, and lead researchers and clinicians to automatically understand disease and make medical decisions and answer questions. Today, digitalization has reached all aspects of life. The convergence of innovative technologies and biomedical science is advancing rapidly and transforming medical and health services. Current health care models are in transition and are gradually becoming digital health care, moving beyond traditional hierarchies and providing valuable services to patients. In order to achieve the strategic goals of digital health, relevant officials should try to link medical science with artificial intelligence and digital systems. It is worth mentioning that this position requires digital literacy in health that both the medical system and the patient must be taught. The important thing is that digital literacy is not only its applications, but it needs interdisciplinary connection and scientific convergence, the driving engine of which is formed in the first-hand research of basic sciences and engineering. Therefore, the future of medical services will reach personalized medicine and the infrastructure of digital systems depends on its advanced literacy. The principle of literacy is formed in transcendental education and research-based knowledge and scientific authority, which is based on basic sciences and its design and construction goes back to engineering sciences. Therefore, medicine and health services need knowledgeable human resources in the field of digital health that are educated and cultivated in other fields. This foresight teaches us that medical science and its services need education, scientific and research integration that deserves attention now. 

Magnificent is that Almighty who is the light of the heavens and the earth and whose light covers all places. He is before all things and superior to all things and the revealer of all things. Light means brightness, which is actually the appearance of itself; therefore, it makes everything bright and visible. For the human mind, light is understood in comparison to darkness, just as a lamp of light breaks the darkness, and the color and shape become visible. Looking at it from any angle, the sun provides not only the light of the planet earth but also its light and heat are the source of life.The light of truth is from the nature of the Lord of existence, and it flows and shines according to His will; it passes through many veils, it becomes denser and with less light, until in this world it is in the form of sensual light that our minds perceive it to be manifest. Therefore, light has levels, and each class or realm is from which the lower layer flows. For example, we can describe the moonlight passing through a window and hitting a mirror; the mirror reflects it to the ground. The light that fell on earth can be regarded as the world, which anyone who observes it directly realizes its origin, which is the moon, but not forgetting that the moon''''s light is also sourced from the sun. There is no conceptual or mental way to imagine heavenly lights, but one must meditate on their meaning to catch fire. Our eyes can''''t even stare at the sunlight, let alone the sky''''s lights! It is therefore necessary to have another eye, which has been called by various names in the texts, depending on each individual''''s experience, such as the heart eye, the soul eye, the wisdom eye, etc., with each level considered for each of them. The light of truth that Lord will shine on our souls is the light of knowledge, which reveals everything in our status and position, both in our souls and horizons. Let''''s find out the layers of the heavens from the nature of light and the status of each human being with the value of light and know the capacities so that we can understand the concept of justice, which itself is from the nature of light. But is there a light of truth in this world? Is there a way we can follow to polish our lamp of existence into a glass reflecting the true light? Piety guides human existence towards the sublime lights that show the truths of the heavens and the earth and what is between them. By focusing on the light of truth, mystics choose obedience and only look at the world if they see divine light before, between, and after everything and take advice from every scene. Almighty shines the light of guidance, and every person or object benefits according to their capacity and ability. In this world, there is nothing except manifestations of that world of light; therefore, man must meditate on the manifested light in order to understand that corridor of truth light.

Curcumin is an active ingredient in the powdered root of turmeric plants (Curcuma longa) from the ginger family and its yellow color and miraculous preventive and therapeutic characteristics have been used for many years. Identification of the structure of curcumin has always been interested by the scientists due to its low solubility, bioavailability and viability for its further uptake by the target cells. In 2011, the corresponding author of this study and his colleagues used camel milk beta-casein micelles to increase the solubility of curcumin in aqueous solvents by 2,500 times. Nowadays, the article has been cited more than 300 times internationally. These citations are linked to various carriers such as milk proteins and fats, bovine serum albumin, polyphenols, polyesters and polysaccharides, hydrogels, nanogels, nanoparticle self-assembled peptides and various protein transporters to enhance solubility and bioavailability of curcumin. In this study, these citations were reviewed and classified and their achievements were addressed.

The relationship between science and beliefs is inevitable, and understanding the various aspects of this relationship will lead to multifaceted development of interdisciplinary sciences. Biomimetic of natural phenomena requires a comprehensive outlook and perspective on the researcher's question and rational of scientific research on the realm of natural and biological phenomena. The Advances made in understanding biological phenomena will provide a fertile ground for spiritual innovation.

This study is based on the research records of the Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory at Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran. Library methods were used to conduct the study and  keywords were searched in valid scientific databases.

Stress can lead to an imbalance in biological systems, and thereby result in various diseases. From a molecular point of view, stress implies presence of unbalanced free radicals. There are different types of stress, such as the effects of medicine with side effect and over-the-counter medications, industrial foods with preservatives, cigarette smoke, synthetic fragrances and psychological stress, all of which are thought to create unbalanced free radicals. Oral and non-edible antioxidants are scavengers and repellents of unbalanced free radicals.

These studies are a suitable platform for improving human insight and comprehensive application of science in life. Many biological phenomena are related to human beliefs, and understanding these connections will pave the way for many new discoveries. In turn, these discoveries can expand human knowledge about their surroundings and pave the way for a more fulfilling, more healthy life

A thermodynamic principle referred to Le Chatelier's principle was stated in 1884, which dealt with chemical equilibrium. This principle states that if a change (such as pressure, temperature, or the concentration of a reactant) is applied to a system at equilibrium, this will shift the reaction in the opposite direction. Some scientists consider this thermodynamics principle to be applied in humanities, social and economic sciences. This scientific principle teaches us that by applying a small change in a given process at its equilibrium state, the direction of that reaction process can be reversed. While such a small change may not be of high cost, the key point is to find it and implement it.We must build Iran with Iranians, the main pillar of the sustainable development of the country is to develop and maintain knowledgeable human resources. Knowledge is considered to be the root source of ability and national resources. We note also that an important principle of life for longevity and sustained life, is to maintain sense of satisfaction and happiness. During times of difficult conditions, there is a need to flourish the inner body, as outside is the gate to the human inward. The great power for humans is to balance inner-nature with outer real-world nature.One of the important aspects of biological life, is to maintain a lifestyle that can be characterized with having generous molecules that can be adapted to life conditions. Life satisfaction in its biological context, is highly dependent to neurochemical composition of the brain. Oxytocin-serotonin-dopamine are known to be the hormones of satisfaction and happiness where their increase in individual and social relationship cause a person to receive a wave of positive attitude towards life conditions. Oxytocin is a hormone that is secreted in the hypothalamus of the brain. This multipurpose hormone provides the basis for generosity, trust and altruistic behaviors by reducing the level of stress and anxiety and creating physiological stability. The multifaceted relationship between biological systems, spiritual beliefs and life satisfaction is highly interesting topic that requires a scientific approach to identify different aspects of such relationship. Identifying the neuro-chemical molecular bases of individual-social behaviors of different people at different ages, can pave the way to achieve clear understanding as to how it may be possible to create satisfaction with life and its relationship with well-being.Every thinker and scientist should think about what is that small change that causes a reverse reaction and apply it with a positive attitude or suggest it to centers of influence in the country.  

 

Life satisfaction expresses a positive attitude towards the world in which one lives and depends on various variables, one of which is related to the community and the other to the individual. Various aspects of creating life satisfaction through various sciences have been studied and each of them has identified basic and distinct bases in this direction. The study of biological systems indicates the existence of biochemical factors affecting the occurrence of behaviors that are effective in achieving life satisfaction and a sense of worth. Tracing the mechanisms of occurrence of certain features in people of different ages can be the basis for accurate identification of factors affecting the occurrence of these features. Life satisfaction is related to brain neurochemicals. Oxytocin-Serotonin-Dopamine are known as happiness hormones, whose increase in social relationships makes a person receive a wave of positive emotions. Oxytocin (OT) is a nonapeptide hormone that has a central role in the regulation of parturition and lactation. Oxytocin receptor activation triggers a number of downstream signaling pathway and increase of intracellular calcium in uterine myofibrils which will ultimately lead to strengthening and increasing the frequency of contractions. Also, this hormone as a multifunctional neuropeptide by reducing the level of stress and anxiety and crating physiological stability provides the basis for generosity, trust and altruistic behaviors that the product of these behaviors in old age is to induce life satisfaction and feelings of worth in people. The multifaceted relationship of biological systems-spiritual beliefs and life satisfaction is a very interesting issue that requires a complete approach to identify its various aspects. Identifying the neurochemical basis of social behaviors of people at different ages can pave the way for achieving clear results in how to create life satisfaction and its relationship with well-being.

In today's world, many problems, such as the deadly pandemics that science seeks to solve, are borderless in nature, and overcoming such challenges goes through the international scientific cooperation between scientists and policymakers working across geopolitical boundaries. Over the past few decades, in parallel with traditional diplomacy, a new type of diplomacy has emerged in the field of international relations called science diplomacy (SD), which has important features such as diversity, pervasive multilateralism, involving citizens and civil society, and high impact. In fact, scientific diplomacy is used to describe many types of exchanges in the fields of science, technology and innovation (STI), and participation of countries in the higher educational (HE) programs. Despite the high diversity of the field, it is divided into three main categories, including science in diplomacy, diplomacy for science, and science for diplomacy. Over the past few decades, countries that have been at the forefront of key science and technology have also benefited greatly from the potential of science diplomacy. Past experiences also show that the development of strategic scientific relations and scientific cooperation between countries or even rival blocs can prevent diplomatic failures and reduce the possibility of destructive conflicts and tensions in the global arena. On the other hand, at the present time, the world faces many and varied challenges, in some cases, solving them is beyond the scientific and technical capacities of a country alone. This article discusses the importance, examples, achievements, opportunities/challenges and experiences of some countries and a number of international institutions in the field of science diplomacy and scientific authority.

Nowadays, coronavirus or the so-called Covid19 has spread all over the globe endangering humans' lives. On the other hand, it has also been a lesson of life for all human beings to take, which has exerted some beneficial impacts on their lives; hence, this immensely little invisible creature has to be treated wisely enough. Thus, one has to refer to old sayings and pieces of advice given by late wise man and philosophers so as to come to a good realization of the situation. In this regard, the late great Iranian bard called Saadi Shirazi, the poet of all ages and eras, is a world-known poet and philosopher whose clear guidelines can be an effective solution to humans' problems these days. Saadi wrote the following triple rhyming couplets about 800 years before universal declaration of human rights. These couplets are still being caroled in different languages as melodies, Anthems and global music. It is, of course, worth mentioning that Achaemenid Cyrus Charter of Human Rights Cylinder was the very first and the oldest human rights charter referring back to 600 BC.

In the present article, while referring to different types of medicinal leeches and their importance, the history of world leech therapy with its inconsistency are discussed. The application of medicinal leeches reached its peak in the nineteenth century, and consequently led to the extinction of their populations in many Western countries, and then there was a drop of leech therapy. By isolating Hirudin from salivary glands, leech saliva complex compounds were again significantly welcomed in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, organ transplantation and plastic surgery. In Iran, medicinal leeches have been used for treatment of different diseases by well-known Ancient Scientists such as Avicina, Razi, Jorjani and Aghili Alavi Shirazi. Medicinal leeches were approved as a traditional product by the Food and Drug Administration of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran, and the instructions for its use were approved in 2019 in the National Committee of Medicinal Leeches. Some activities carried out at the University of Tehran about the medicinal leeches include: organizing two International Conference and startup weekend on Medicinal Leeches, offering 15 national and international training workshops on reproduction and breeding of medicinal leeches, the first training workshop for technical officers, establishing a protected area for medicinal leeches, pursuing the establishment of a National Committee and constituted the first automated center for reproduction and breeding of medicinal leeches. Currently, leech industry is facing many issues, including the illegal import of leeches from abroad, lack of control on leech overfishing from the natural habitats, which led to the extinction of medicinal leeches, as well as the supplying the medical and health centers with infected leeches, feeding reared leeches with contaminated blood, no- insurance coverages of leech treatment, and medicinal leech farms. The above problems should be solved with special attention and advanced management.

Vitamin D is known for its roles in calcium metabolism and bone health. With the spread of COVID-19 epidemic, roles of this vitamin in strengthening host immune system has received more attention. Nearly 900 genes have been identified, whose expression is controlled by vitamin D. Most of these genes are involved in innate and adaptive immune systems. Vitamin D prohibits the penetration of viruses deep into tissues by maintaining intercellular connections. This characteristic of vitamin D prevents rapid spread of the coronavirus in the lungs. Stimulating immune cell differentiation, increasing killing capacity of macrophages and increasing production of antimicrobial peptides such as cathelicidin and β-defensin by vitamin D increase the immune system ability to fight coronavirus. Moreover, vitamin D decreases over secretion of inflammatory cytokines; thus, prohibiting cytokine storm and uncontrolled inflammation in the lungs. Modulating activity of the renin-angiotensin system and preventing over accumulation of angiotensin 2 are other functions of vitamin D in protecting tissues, especially lungs, against the coronavirus.

Studying the biographies of great scientists helps a lot in understanding the intellectual path of researchers that can influence their scientific life and research methods. This article studies the biographies of Jaber bin Hayyan (Jaber) and Abu Rihan Biruni, as Iranian scientists and Marie Curie and Nikola Tesla as Western scientists. It is attempted to monitor the moral highlights and their lives as well.Jaber is the name of a Muslim and Iranian chemist. According to him, Alchemy was considered the king of all sciences. He believed the human history is comparable to a huge Alchemy that aims to reach perfection for human.Abu Rihan Biruni was worldwide Iranian knowledge man and multidimensional figures in science. He was an expert in various sciences such as mathematics, astronomy, calendars, anthropology, historiography, chronology, medicine, and natural sciences.Marie Curie was the first female scientist to win the Nobel Prize in Radioactivity. She was also the first lady to receive the Nobel Prize in physics and chemistry.Nikola Tesla had a special genius and talent that made him a mysterious figure in physics and electricity. Tesla's experiments show that he was ahead of the time he lived.

The scope of literacy influencing the quality of social life in a given society is to be defined where it is necessary that infrastructure required for its development be also outlined. Literacy in its broad context can be classified into three main categories: 1) General literacy and skills consisting of those that deal with reading, writing and numerical calculation, knowledge of computers and Internet usage. It also includes familiarity with the language and symbolism used in Internet facilities. General literacy in its broad spectrum includes also being current on the use of social communication channels such as newspapers and other similar tools that are an integral part of social life for maintaining quality of social life, high standard of social welfare and social living in the society. 2) Scientific literacy, including knowledge of concepts and theories used in the chosen field of the study. It includes, applying concepts and theories in outlining hypothesis aimed towards a solution for use in dealing significant problems in the chosen field of study. As an integral part of scientific knowledge, familiarity with methods and tools for use in generating scientific data along with optimal usage and in-depth analysis of such data and scientific information to be used for developing innovative solutions are considered to be an integral part of scientific literacy. 3) Rational and judgmental literacy and wisdom in which understanding of the underlying truth behind things in our world and realizing the true meaning of our life where by giving thanks to the Creator, a level of knowledge and literacy is reached that can be categorized as pure and universal literacy in line with divine knowledge. It is the knowledge necessary to give meaning to life in this world and the hereafter. To train and educate people in each categories of literacy as stated above in a given society, requires developing underlying structures that include: a) unified and cultured family, b) Schools that are equipped with necessary facilities and administered by teachers and educators of high knowledge. c) Universities and scientific centers that are run by educators having high knowledge in their field of study and finally by distinguished professors. As an integral part of literate society, it is necessary to have talented students, up-to-date educational and research facilities including laboratories, support facilities to carry out the required research works enabling development of high valued databases of scientific information for their analysis at the national, international and extraterrestrial scientific communication facilities. d) Academies of science and cultural centers where by the presence of eminent, experienced and high knowledge professors, it is possible to outline macro-scientific policies and guidelines for the advancement of knowledge, science and literature at the national and international level. e) Establishing official and private centers in the communities and in the society as a whole that are destined to support and promote knowledge and creativity in the society. Today, our students at universities and high schools are not being educated in line with guidelines and educational structures mentioned above. While most of them receive degree and a document certifying their education, they are still not satisfied. Considering facilities that are used currently, it is worthwhile to have proper management for a synergistic utilization of the existing resources for a meaningful and well-planned educational training of our children who are the main resource of future development of our society. Of course, this requires concerted efforts of both government and public sectors to achieve this goal.

In recent years, technological developments and successive innovations in manufacturing processes have created profound changes in the world's industrial landscape. In the meantime, we have witnessed the emergence of the concept of the fourth industrial revolution or industry 4.0 and researchers have also shown increasing attention to this issue. This new industrial paradigm, created by combining technologies based on physical cyber systems and digital transformation, transformational implications for industry and the economy. Today we are at the beginning of a revolution that is fundamentally changing our way of life, work and relationships. This phenomenon is not comparable to any of the past human experiences in terms of scale, coverage and complexity; and we are still a long way from fully understanding the speed and scope of this new revolution. What is clear is that effective action must be taken as soon as possible to take advantage of the positive effects and consequences and to counter the possible threats of this industrial revolution. The present article deals with the fundamental components of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and emerging changes in the fields of industry, products and services, business and market models, work environment and skills development.

Background and Purpose:

Science and medicine can be developed through convergence of useful theories, experiences, new data and methods. It seems unreasonable to ignore the vast treasure trove of medical knowledge that has evolved over the centuries in different cultures and civilizations.
 

This is a review and science policy study. Initially, keywords in Persian and English languages were searched in national scientific databases such as SID, MagIran, and Irandoc and international scientific search databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed. The time period to include the articles in the study comprised years 1995 to 2020. Only original and review research documents could participate in the present study. Finally, the results were summarized based on modern biological science output.
 

The World Health Organization (WHO) has called on governments to pay attention to the use of traditional medicine since 1977, and launched a program in 2002 to integrate traditional medicine with modern medicine, which eventually led to the development of integrative medicine. China has been at the forefront, taking great strides in integrating its traditional medicine with the views of modern medicine. Iran has a brilliant history in medicine with wise scholars such as Avicenna who is a world-renowned polymath. Therefore, it is expected that Iranian medicine will include all the knowledge of medicine from the old to the new and to be a leader in integrative medicine at national and international levels. One of the most important ways to converge old medicine with modern medicine is to explore molecular and biomolecular integrative research on prescriptions of traditional medicine. The present article has been prepared as a message for medical, health and hygiene authorities to draw their attention to the need for basic research in the field of traditional medicine in order to update it based on scientific evidence. Recent approaches by scientists in these studies include systems biology, proteomics, metabolomics and other network analysis.
 

The human being is a much unknown being; so human health should be considered in accordance with his nature. It is therefore appropriate to follow natural models, a healthy lifestyle, and the wisdom and knowledge based on man’s nature and also modern medicine to prevent and treat disease.