فهرست مطالب علی اکبر کوششگران

"Kapar" is a specific indigenous type of wooden architecture which is transformable due to its lightness and elements' design. Baluchistan is one of the regions in Iran where kapar has been common. Unfortunately they are being replaced by masonary buildings in the area. In addition to Baluch nomadic's domicile, kapars have been built in sedentary villages, with agricultural economics, as extension to masonary houses. The documentation of kapar architecture in this area can help protecting them and also achieving new design methods. The aim of this research is, reaching a better recognition of kapar architecture of the area. This aim can be approached differently. One of the important approaches is through kapar's Somatic Structure, through which different existential and functional causes of kapar architecture can be found. The research method is descriptive – analytical and comparative. At first necessary information has been gathered from different documentations. Then nomadic life of the area's inhabitants and different cases of kapar architecture has been observed and documented, during the researcher's expedition to different regions in the area. The collected date has been compared to each other afterward. As the result, four formal types of kapars has been identified based on their forms, in four different geographical and cultural areas, Saravan, Sarbaz, NikShahr and Chabahar. The stability system of kapars is based on their crescent shaped form and so is identical in 3 areas of Saravan, Sarbaz and Nikshahr. Their difference is because of their different plans, forms and coverages. The kapars in Chabahar area are different in structure, stability system and form from 3 the other areas.

This article is an attempt to examine the use of computer applications in process analysis and parametric patterns in creation of a second chamber in response to light at different times. This review is studied in two parts of parametric models and digital fabrication. In the first part, in order to a detailed review the method of simulation with parametric design using Grass Hopper plugin was considered. To build parametric faced, Based on the movement of the sun throughout the day in different months and based on optical needs of each space, the algorithm was written in the Grass Hopper and honeybee plugin .In fact, after making the totality of the faced in the Grass Hopper, In order to determine the exact amount the opening, the Haney bee plugin was used.The results showed that the use of latticed shell as the second faced, in two types of housing in North and South, Application in summer for the third to fifth floors and in winter for all floors. In landscape design can be designed the faced movable that is used for all the seasons.

Rural architecture is generally studied through a typological and climatic approach. Such an approach to rural architecture either as a single housing unit or texture، explains the interaction between rural skeletal feedbacks and climatic factors more than it studies and identifies rural architectural spatial qualities. So such an approach limits the understanding of design quality in rural architecture، especially for projects that aim to address the architecture of the rural buildings and textures. This paper aims to present or suggest a different approach in understanding of rural architecture to identify the truth of this architecture and its values and qualities with more worthiness. According to this approach، it is expected to achieve more comprehensive study، and consequently valuating and classifying dominant principles on the rural architecture. This theory is shaped through a close study of Ibn Khaldun’s thought، especially where he categorizes the architectural buildings of the traditional human societies that have abandoned their nomadic life and preferred to reside as Bedouins، Villagers، and City dwellers. Based on a critical application of Christian Norberg - Schulz’s architectural theories and building upon Ibn Khaldun’s thought، this study presents a new conceptual framework of rustic architecture، common architecture، and stylist architecture. In this paper it is considered to survey critically the Christian Norberg - Schulz''s opinions، because the formative nature and local properties of examples doesn''t necessarily adapt to features of Iranian villages. However، this matter doesn’t prevent studying and accepting Schulz''s thought. Nevertheless، Schulz’s regard and consequently this inquiry have public view to the order of rural architecture. However، we can rely on Schulz''s opinions to achieve an appropriate usage relevant to Iranian rural architecture. This criterion considerably includes rural features which can validate the credibility of the rural buildings. The other achievement of this approach is keeping and training the architectural tradition of each culture and civilization in villages. Thus paying attention to the rural architectural features and cognition of them is a necessity and protection of them is a basic principle. Based on what is explained in this article، traditional architectural buildings to meet the comfort of human needs، manifest three orders of architecture. So the rural architecture، rustic architecture، common architecture and the stylist architecture are the subjects which this article presents critically according to Norberg - Schulz’s architectural theories. The proposed criteria for each concept offer a more thorough understanding of the traditional architectural buildings in general and rural architecture in particular. For the first part of this paper، Ibn Khaldun’s theory for formation of oasis، village and city is mentioned. In continue of this paper the relationships between of Ibn Khaldun’s opinions and Christian Norberg - Schulz''s ideas are investigated. A nontrivial simulation of these two ideas is derived from this comparison Furthermore، Christian Norberg - Schulz''s opinion in valuation of rustic building is studied. This results in some criteria which are different from common ones.