فهرست مطالب علی توسلی

Detection of resistance to an herbicide in a putatively resistant accession requires a series of experiments which are capable of illustrating the response of the accession to various herbicide doses. Whole plant bioassay in pots usually takes approx. 2 months to obtain the results, thus, rapid tests were developed to accelerate the process. Although determination of discriminating concentration as well as conduction of rapid test for some ACCase inhibitors has been performed by various researchers, no reports are available in this regard for in clodinafop propargyl herbicide in rigid ryegrass from wheat field of Golestan province. Thus, the following study was conducted with the objective of rapid detection of resistance to the mentioned herbicide in this weed using the rapid test.

The experiments were conducted using the seeds of 30 putatively resistant rigid ryegrass accessions and a susceptible biotype gathered from wheat field of Golestan province in 2019. Rapid test in petri dishes was conducted as a completely randomized design with three replications, with each petri dish as one replicate. To determine the discriminating concentration, various concentrations of clodinafop propargyl was applied on the susceptible accession and then, all putative accessions were screened using this concentrations. The biotypes of the studied weed were exposed to various doses of the herbicide in the petri dish bioassay to determine the resistance factor. Also, another experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted for screening of putative accessions in the greenhouse. Accessions which maintained their survival and dry weight respectively 50 and 80 percent compared to the unsprayed control were selected. A whole plant dose-response bioassay was also done separately for each biotype. Checking the distribution map of resistant biotypes indicated that these biotypes were not uniform in the wheat fields of Golestan province. During sampling, geographical coordinates of infected areas were recorded using GPS Map60 device and weed distribution map was prepared using ArcGIS software.

Discriminating concentration of clodinafop propargyl for rigid ryegrass was obtained 0.0196 mg ai. L-1. According to the results, 25 out of 30 accessions were detected as resistant and underwent the concentration- response assay in petri dishes. Resistant factors of the biotypes in the rapid test ranged from 38.75 to 1756.20. According to the results of the greenhouse, 25 accessions were detected as resistant with resistance factors of 11.58 to 24.05. There was a positive and significant correlation between the results obtained from the rapid test with the greenhouse assay (%93). Investigation of distribution map of resistant biotypes indicated non-even distribution of these biotypes across wheat fields of Golestan province, with resistant and susceptible biotypes often observed in the west and east of the province, respectively.

Putative rigid ryegrass accessions collected from the region may be screened using 0.0196 mg ai. L-1 concentration and resistant biotypes may be detected more rapidly compared to greenhouse assays. Also, the results of the rapid test are in accordance with those of the whole plant assay in pots. Due to the swift development phenomenon of herbicide resistance issue, rapid detection of resistance is essential. Thus, using methods such as rapid test may be very feasible.

Choosing a competent court is a common practice in international business practice. According to the Brussels Convention 2012, some industrialized countries, by joining the 2005 Hague Conference, and many countries by accepting regional treaties, grant jurisdiction to a particular national court and consequently disqualify the competent court, in civil and commercial contracts, with restrictions Accepted. Such an option has no legal basis in Iran, and the contract of Iranian businessmen, exclusively with businessmen of some countries, can be a condition for the selection of a competent court. In Iran, the agreement on the jurisdiction of the court is not a source of effect, except in the case of Article 1010 of the Civil Code, which is limited, as well as commercial agreements between citizens of a few Contracting States and citizens of Iran. Certain, if they are qualified, they will initiate the investigation and otherwise, they will refuse the trial. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the legal framework of the agreement on jurisdiction in private international law and the impact of membership in treaties between states, such as the Hague Conference and the Brussels European Charter, on the economic relations of merchants.

Modern registration is an evolved form of traditional registration and the product of the information technology revolution. Modern registration is the knowledge that registers documents and property with electronic devices such as electronic signatures, fingerprint scanners and intelligent registration systems to ensure property security and prevent From the occurrence of the crime, be against property. From the point of view of preventing crimes against property, applied preventive criminology also prevents the occurrence of crimes by studying scientific methods of prevention, because both the knowledge of electronic registration and preventive criminology use scientific tools and methods to control crime. And they have a common mission of crime prevention, so both knowledge are related in "method and purpose", so, it seems, the new record is a clear example of applied preventive criminology, which aims to prevent the situation of crime in the field Property is real estate and ownership.The purpose of this article is to explain the role of modern registration in crime prevention in both the legal systems of Iran and the UAE. The research findings, which have been done through a descriptive-analytical study of the laws and texts of the two countries' registration law, with a comparative view, prove that the new registration with digital measures and tools such as: biometrics, national smart card, electronic registries and cadastral system, reduces or In some cases, even the elimination of lawsuits and, finally, the prevention of crime in both the legal systems of Iran and the UAE.

 The world of myth and legend is a world filled with mysteries, symbols, and enigmas that since the 19th century onwards with the advent of different mythological approaches, attempt was made to throw light on the obscurities found in the wonderland of myths and to reveal their symbolic deep structure.  Using descriptive analytic method, this research is concerned with the study of the subject of horse, a perplexing theme quite distinct in the realm of myths, in epics both in prose and verse.  It became clear that horse, alongside cow and woman is the symbol of rain.  Owning a horse equates having rain at hand, and losing it equates drought.  Horses such as Rakhsh, and Shabrang-e-Behzad are often stolen by demons and one task of Gods or warriors is to return the horses to the Persian Land, as these horses were taken to Turan land at times.  According to numerous evidence it can be understood that horse stealing, like stealing cow and woman in myths and beliefs, are the symbol of stealing rain, and their return is the symbol of rainfall.

Organizational entrepreneurship is considered as the basis of improving organizational performance, productivity, and efficiency. However, factors affecting the development of this feature within each organization need to be identified and strengthened in order to pave the way for such a development. To this end, at the provincial Department of Education in Khorasan Razavi, 12 experts in entrepreneurship were interviewed to the point of saturation in order to identify factors affecting OE. To further explore the importance of these factors, a questionnaire of 41 items constructed based on the identified factors was distributed among 180 of 8 divisions within the department. The validity of the constructed instrument was confirmed by the experts. Factor analysis of the data lead to a three dimensional model for the development of organizational entrepreneurship within the Department. These three dimensions are organizational structure, organizational behavior, and organizational atmosphere.

Entrepreneurship subject Root to the length of human history and as the world's most economic potential, expanding rapidly. Entrepreneurship is one of the main pillars of growth and development in any country, which it considers the driving force of economic growth and development of the country. Since a large part of society is women and in recent years, there has been a significant increase in the level of education and employment of women in Iranian society, so paying attention to the entrepreneurial activities of this group of people can contribute to economic development. Researchers believe that women's entrepreneurship activities have a prominent role in the economy of nations, and not only generate economic benefits, but also create social and cultural benefits. Promotion of entrepreneurial activities in the women’s sector can be an effective stimulus to the country's economic development and growth. In addition, many governments have managed to overcome the crises of their societies in the economic crisis, by taking measures and policies and using the workforce of women to succeed in the path of development.
In this article, it has tried to describe the necessity and importance of entrepreneurship in the development and growth of the country while providing a definition of women’s entrepreneurship. The library method has used to collect information in this research.

Horse is one of the most important themes in epic literature that has always been with the hero from the oldest era and even is sometimes unified with the heroes, and during the time it has taken many functions. In this essay, analyzing verse and prose epics and folklore based on the content analysis method, it became clear that sometimes the horse has a direct bond with water and fertility. In some texts, the horse is considered the symbol of wind, as it is evidently mentioned in Eskandarnameh. On the other hand, horse is sometimes a symbol of death, as the black horse of Aphosh, Shabrang Behzad, and the black horse of Esfandiar are linked to death. Sometimes the horse is unified with demon and fairy, as it is mentioned in the Hamzanameh, Firooz Shahnameh and Darabnameh Tarsosi. The horse of Tahmooreth in Shahnameh is also considered as the devil. Horse in some texts has such an important position for the hero that the selection of the horse is also one of the important stages of hero’s improvement, and sometimes even a horse and the horseman will unify as the hero cannot accomplish his mission without the horse, as Rakhsh and Sheborg Behzad in Shahnameh, and Ashghar, the horse of Boran-Dakht in Hamzanameh and Darabnameh Tarsosi are cases in point.

The discussion about the validity of the traditions of the Book Bihar al'anvar is one of the controversial issues among the scholars. Sheikh Haydar Hubbullah has written the book named "Al'mutabar from Bihar al'anvar" in order to introduce the traditions authentic in terms of document, and has attributed to the viewpoint of Ayatullah Muhammad Asif Mohseni mentioned in the book Mashraat BIhar al’anvar. But the explicit statements of the writer of Mashraat Bihar al’anvar indicates that, besides validation, he has accepted other methods of validating traditions; He has remarked in many cases in his book that although some traditions are not valid in terms of document, but their credibility can be proved by means of other validation procedures other than document. The present research tries to prove the validity of many traditions that the author of the book Al'mutabar believed to be inadvertent in regard to Ayatollah Mohseni's opinion. This process has been implemented by quoting the views and examples of non-documental validation from the viewpoint of the author of Mashraat Bihar al'anvar.

This paper considers optimal control of skid steer wheeled mobile robots. Due to high energy consumption of skid steer wheeled mobile robots, which results from side slip of wheels in rotational maneuvers, additional studies on energy-efficient optimal control of skid steer robots seems mandatory. So, in this research, kinematic and dynamic modeling of skid steer mobile robot is presented in first. After that, electrical modeling of robot motors is expressed and an objective function, which is the robot energy consumption, introduces based on the system model. Then, to define and solve the optimal control problem, system’s Hamiltonian is formed and with the help of Hamilton’s principle, the optimal velocity profile of robot’s motion is calculated analytically to reduce energy consumption. Simulation results show the superiority of the proposed approach in this study and significant saving in energy consumption of robots in comparison to an optimal PD controller. Simulation results show the superiority of the proposed approach in this study and significant saving in energy consumption of robots in comparison to an optimal PD controller.

Recently, the concept of living lab is considered as one of the important issues related to the subject of open innovation. Since the innovation, there’s a growing interest among the users about taking part in open innovation development processes. The utilization of living lab is one of the ways to structure and manage these partnerships in the research and development processes. Since the living lab in various areas such as information and communication technology development, health services and rural development is relatively a new phenomenon, so it is a difficult concept to describe. Currently, the topic of the living lab in the area of open innovation is facing with the lack of a common understanding. This paper presents a systematic review of the concept of living lab in order to provide a thorough understanding of this topic and its capacities for innovation and development. The results indicate that possessing precise knowledge about living lab and utilization of it can improve production and the linkages between academic, industrial and public sectors which will ultimately lead to the improvement of the country’s overall economy.