فهرست مطالب علی دره کردی

As perception of language and particularly syntactic perception has a significant effect on language and learning development, the present study aimed at comparing syntactic perception and production between educable children with ID and TD children.

In the current causal-comparative study, 15 children with intellectual disabilities of chronological age 12-13 and mental age 7-9 were included. Intellectual disabilities of these children were confirmed earlier using Wechsler intelligence test, edition 4, and their IQ were measured to be between 55-70. The control group included 15 typically developing children of age 7-9 years and 15 typically developing children aged 12-13 years. Children with intellectual disabilities were selected from exceptional schools and typically developing children from normal schools of Jiroft city via available sampling method. All the three groups were homogenized in language ability using the verbal section of the Wechsler Intelligence Test, edition 4. The research data was gathered by adapting the study of Benítez-Burraco, Garayzábal, and Cuetos (2016). This test included six subtests that standardized by the Spearman-Brown. The data were then analyzed using multivariate analysis and SLD in SPSS.

There was a significant difference between the overall performances of the three groups in syntactic perception and production (basic phrase rules, auxiliary markers and basic structure of the inflectional phrase, verbal valency, syntactic subcategory constraints within the verbal phrase, production of noun complement clauses, production of relative (adjunct) clauses) (P<0/05).

The results of the present research showed that, in general, children with intellectual disabilities had a weaker performance in the perception and production of syntax in comparison to typically developing children with the same chronological and mental age. Gender was not found to have any significant effect on syntactic perception and production. Individuals who work in education of children with intellectual disabilities can make use of the results of this research.

Paying attention to marital relationships is the most important function of the family. Trying to identify the most effective factors in improving marital relationships can help improve psychological interventions. The purpose of the present study was to To find out the gender differences of early maladaptive schemas in predicting emotional divorce of couples. This is a descriptive correlation study. The statistical population was all couples of 25-40 years old in Rafsanjan. The sample size was 205 couples who were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected using Guttmann Emotional Divorce Questionnaire (2008) and Young's Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire (1988). Stepwise regression was used to analyze the data. The results showed that in the sample of females, the domains of shear, schema, and dysfunctional schema were the most predictive factors in emotional divorce, respectively. Based on the results, it can be said that in marital interventions, it is better to improve the incision schemes in couples; in women to emphasize other schemas of coping and dysfunction, and in men to emphasize earbob schemas and impaired restriction.

Early maladaptive schemas are factors that can affect the lives and relationships between couples. But the key question is, can the dimensions of mindfulness mediate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and attitudes toward extramarital relationships?

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and attitudes to extramarital relationships with regard to mediating the dimensions of mindfulness.

This was a descriptive correlational study. Statistical population was all couples 25-40 years old in Pomegranate. 205 couples were selected as sample by available sampling method. Research tools include Habibi's Metacognitive Relationship and Purulence Questionnaire (2012), Short Freiburg Mindfulness Questionnaire (2006), and Young's Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire (1988). Data analysis was performed using multiple path analysis and mediation analysis.

The final model fits well with the data, and early maladaptive schemas through mindfulness dimensions predict attitude toward meta-marital relationships (p<0/05). Also, the results of mediation analysis showed that mindfulness, description, non-judgment and non-reaction had the most important mediating role (p<0/05).

It can be predicted from early maladaptive schemas and mind dimensions of meta-cognitive relationships.

Self-efficacy refers to an individual’s belief in their capacity to execute a specific behavior. Believing that individuals themselves are responsible for their health can lead to the adoption of health behaviors. This study aimed to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis of a Cancer Behavior Inventory (CBI) for Iranian female breast cancer patients.

This was a descriptive-analytic study. First, we establishing the content and face validity of the instrument. Then, 345 breast cancer patients were selected from cancer treatment centers of Kerman city by convenience sampling to evaluate the psychometric properties of the instrument. The participants completed the CBI and the General Self-efficacy Scale. The instrument validity was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (structural validity) and correlational methods (concurrent validity), and the internal and external reliability were evaluated by calculating Cronbach’s alpha coefficients and using the test-retest method, respectively. Analyses were performed using SPSS 19 and AMOS software packages.

Confirmatory factor analysis of the 31-item questionnaire, consisting of 7 subscales, was conducted after removing items 3 and 5. A significant correlation between each subscale and the General Self-efficacy Scale and also between the overall scale and the General Self-efficacy Scale confirmed the concurrent validity of the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed based on a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient value of 0.75 (ranging from 0.69 to 0.74 for the seven factors). The 1-month test-retest reliability, assessed by readministering the test to 30 cancer patients, ranged between 0.67 and 0.74 (P < 0.01), which shows acceptable reliability of the CBI over time.

The CBI has acceptable validity and reliability. The seven factors extracted for the CBI matched those identified in the original version. The present study introduces a tool that can be useful in assessing and evaluating the self-efficacy of breast cancer patients during treatment.

Among the various classes of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, quinoxalines play an important role as a basic skeleton for the design of a number of antibiotics. In addition, quinoxaline ring is a part of several pharmacological active substances of natural or synthetic origin. In this study, an ecofriendly method for the synthesis of cyclobutaquinoxaline-1,2-diol derivatives through cycloaddition reaction of O-phenylenediamine derivatives and squaric acid in EtOH as a green solvent in the presence of a catalytic amount of acetic acid under reflux condition is reported. Different diamine compounds such as 4-methylbenzene-1,2-diamine, 4-chlorobenzene-1,2-diamine, 4-nitrobenzene-1,2-diamine and pyridine-2,3-diamine were used. The structures of products were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and elemental analysis.the reaction of 2,3-diaminopyridine with squaric acid give the corresponding cyclobuta[e]pyrido[3,2-b]pyrazine-6,7-diol. According to the spectroscopic data (FT-IR and H-NMR data) in this reaction there might be three isomers in the cyclobuta[e]pyrido[3,2-b]pyrazine-6,7-diol. These isomers are tautomers. In summary, we have developed a new facile and ecofriendly protocol for the synthesis cyclobutaquinoxaline-1,2-diol derivatives from reaction of O-phenylenediamine derivatives and squaric acid.

Traditionally, diagnosis of the agents of infectious diseases is based on conventional or phenotypic methods. Due to the lack of growth of some infectious agents, these methods are very difficult or impossible for diagnosis of some bacteria. The advent of molecular techniques has more or less influences on the detection of microbial infections. This article addresses the advantages and disadvantages of diagnostic molecular and conventional methods in detecting pathogenic microorganisms. Traditional diagnostic methods such as phenotypic, chemical and serologic characteristics are still used for detection of infectious diseases. In addition to diagnosing the bacterial agents, varient molecular methods may also detect virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes at a higher rate, sensitivity and accuracy. It seems that the advanced molecular methods can reduce diagnosis time, mortality rate and costs of laboratory diagnosis, and shorten the duration of hospitalization.

The present study was carried out to find the causal relationship between family function and destructive behaviors through the mediating of the cognitive emotion regulation and the theory of mind.The population included first class high school students in the city of Ahvaz. A random sample of 384 was selected by cluster samplingmethod. Nabavi et al destructive behaviors questionnaire (1390), Garnefsky et al. short form of cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (2001), Stillman et al. theory of mind questionnaire (1385), educational and emotional functioning scale of compatibility Family Schools (1392)were used In this study. Data analysis was done by fitting indicators to check the structural Equestion Modeling (SEM) and the test model to examine the role of mediating variables in Breaking Bootstrap Amos software. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were also confirmed at the desirable level. Indices showed the model is a good model fit. The results of the bootstrap showed the mediating role of theory of mind and cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between structure and function of the family in reducing destructive behaviors.

This research investigated the effectiveness of teaching life skills on changing the attitude of male high school students in Kerman toward drug abuse and addiction. A sample of 40 students of a high school was selected randomly. With the implementation of attitude questionnaire on addiction, 20 participants with higher scores (with a more positive attitude toward using drugs) were placed in experimental group and from among the rest of the students, 20 were selected randomly and placed in control group. Thereafter, life skills were taught to the experimental group for 8 sessions within a month but no variable was performed on control group. At the end, both groups were tested via form B which was the attitude scale on addiction. Data were analyzed by means of statistical methods including covariance analysis and t test. The results of statistical analysis revealed that teaching life skills was effective in changing the attitude of students toward drug abuse.

the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) training on the levels of anxiety during the pregnancy period and on newborns’ physiological parameters. This study was a semi experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. Thirty primiparous pregnant women who referred to the health clinics of Kermanwere selected using convenient sampling. The participants were randomly assigned into either experimental or control group. The data were collected using the Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ; Vandenberg, 1990) and the newborns’ physiological parameters (weight, height, head circumference and Apgar score). The experimental group received 12 sessions of CBSM training. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance indicated that the anxiety scores of CBSM group significantly decreased in the posttest stage in comparison with the pretest stage and the scores of control group. There was no significant difference in physiological parameters between the two groups. These findings suggested the effectiveness of CBSM training during pregnancy in reducing the levels of anxiety. Therefore, pregnant women can benefit from psychological interventions such as stress management based on cognitive-behavior therapy in the medical and health centers.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between maternal attachment styles، the compatibility of third-grade girls in public high schools of the city of Kerman، according to the education level of their parents in the school year 90-91. The present study is a descriptive study of correlation and regression analysis. For this purpose، 295 female students randomly (multi-stage) between the two public high schools in Kerman were selected. The present study included adjustment tool for High School Students (AISS) and Adults Attachment Scale (RAAS)، and demographic questions. To analyze the data، hierarchical regression was used. According to the results obtained from the hierarchical regression can be of different dimensions that fit through the available attachment styles and is forecast، so that by increasing the safe attachment، be more compatible. Parental education levels، as well as a significant role in the relationship between attachment styles and compatibility is especially educational and social. So that with increasing level of education، the more secure attachment and adjustment will increase.

Performance of resin composites depend on their polymerization rate. Minimum curing time to achieve desired polymerization rate is 40 seconds. P60 resin composite manufacturer has claimed reduced curing time as one of the advantages of this resin composite. Since increasing the lifetime of light curing unit and reducing the treatment period is important in pediatric dentistry، however the aim of this study was to compare the polymerization rate of P60 resin composite with 20 and 40 seconds intervals by Halogen and LED curing units. In this in vitro study، 40 disks from resin composite were provided with 5-mm diameter and 2-mm thickness. The samples were randomly divided into four groups each containing ten disks. The specimens of the first and second groups were cured for 20 and 40 seconds by Halogen units، respectively. Also، the third and fourth groups were cured by LED for 20 and 40 seconds، respectively. Polymerization rate was evaluated by spectroscopy device. Data were analyzed using two way ANOVA (α=0. 05). Two-way ANOVA test showed that regardless of the type of device، the polymerization rate was significantly higher at 40 seconds compared to 20 seconds. Also، the polymerization rate by Halogen units was meaningfully higher than the LED units. Nevertheless، in both units، the rate of polymerization was acceptable at 20 seconds duration. Considering the limitations of a laboratory study، it seems that regardless of the type of light curing unit، 20 seconds is enough to cure P60 resin composite.

The purpose of this study was examine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral stress management on increasing self efficiency and happiness of breast cancer patients.The current study was a semi experimental study with pre-test and post-test in two experimental and control groups. For this purpose, 30 female patients with breast cancer who had referred to the Cancer Support Association (YAS Kerman) were selected by convenience sampling method in the fall of 1389. Data gathering instrument was cancer behavior inventory and Oxford happiness inventory which were completed by patients at the beginning and end of group therapy. Results suggested an improvement and a significant difference of experimental group in all aspects of happiness and cancer behavior Subscales in comparison with the control group. These results were confirmed after two month follow up. Cognitive-behavior stress management group therapy gives rise to improvement of self efficiency and increasing of happiness of breast cancer patients. Hence, this method can be used in oncology centers as a complementary therapy alongside medical treatment.

ntroduction: The study on effects of various events of physical and Biological-Chemical abnormality on behavior and cognitive abilities in different areas has always been an important issue. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of minor beta-thalassemia patients with normal people، in the short forms of Wechsler test. In This cross-sectional study، a sample including 30 individuals with minor beta-thalassemia and 30 normal individuals Whithin age of 18 to 56 years old was selected. The groups were mathched based on demographic and individual characteristics. Wechsler test including calculation، words، alignment of images and designing by cubs was performed on both groups. The results were analysed by SPSS، using t-test and analysis of variance. The results showed that the average performance of normal individuals for the sub-tests of computation and words and for sub-test of alignment of images is higher than the performance of individuals with minor beta-thalassemia. Also in the overall verbal scale (including sub-tests of calculation and words) the average of performance and ability of the normal individuals was higher than the individuals with minor beta-thalassemia، while in the overall non-verbal/practical scale (including sub-tests of alignment of images and designing by cubes) no significant difference was found between the two groups. The results showed that the average of performance of men and women in normal individuals and individuals with minor beta-thalassemia in the sub-tests of calculations and words has a significant difference، while in sub-tests of alignment of images and designing by cubes for four groups no significant difference between performances was found. Overall results of this study showed that people with minor beta-thalassemia، can face lack of abilities such as: fluency in talking، ability of abstract thinking، verbal reasoning، verbal conceptualization، ability to chain sequences and understanding and prediction of social situations. Whether such a reduction of abilities is caused by neurological and neurophysiologic changes or through the psychological effects on individuals with minor beta-thalassemia، will require further investigation.

premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a psycho-somatic disorder that occurs in luteal phase of menstrual cycle and affects the social and individual behaviour of women. Different methods (medical and psychological) are used in the management of this disorder. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of Cognitive- Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) on the depression and irritability of women with PMS. This semi-experimental study was conducted as a post-test and pre-test whit control groups. Statistical population included women of Rafsanjan city who referred to Nik-Nafs clinic in May 2009. from the women who referred to this clinic, 50 women were selected as available sample and then 24 of them, who acquired the highest score from the questionnaire estimating PMS, were selected as final sample and randomly assigned into two equal groups. Data were gathered by GHQ-28 and questionnaires for estimating PMS Symptoms. The women in the interventional group took part in a 90-minutes training program for 8 weekly sessions. Then, the post–test scores of the two groups were gathered. Data were analyzed by co-variance test and independent t-test using SPSS software. The mean scores of depression and irritability were 24.7 ± 5/6 and 26/6 ± 7.9 respectively. After intervention the scores for depression and irritability were 19/9 ± 7.4 and 20/77 ± 7.3 respectively. These values statistically significant (p= 0.01, p= 0.03). The results of this study showed that CBSM can improve PMS symptoms.

The current investigation has been done for the purpose of the standardization of the social problem solving inventory (SPSI) amongst students of the faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences of Tabatabaey university in 1387-88. For this purpose, a sample of 200 students consisting 154 females and 46 males was selected based on categorical sampling, and the students were tested according to the social problem solving inventory (SPSI) and social adjustment micro-scale of the adjustment questionnaire. Results showed that considering the Alfa value (0.85)of the five factors measured, and the reliability value (R = 0.88), the SPSI enjoys an acceptable rate of reliability. What’s more, the study of the factorial structure signifies the presence of 5 factors including (APS), (RPS), (ICPS), (PPO) and (NPO). Moreover the exploratory study of the relationship between the variables of the investigation showed that social problem solving ability would explain significantly social adjustment (R=0.304). In general, the results found in regards to the managing structure of the SPSI and the relation between the variables of the investigation, proved consistent with the precedent studies.