علی زکی یی

Managing stress and building resilience are crucial in maintaining optimal performance and adhering to COVID-19 prevention guidelines. This study aimed to explore the correlation between stress and resilience while adhering to the guidelines for preventing COVID-19 in Kermanshah province.

A cross-sectional study was carried out in Kermanshah province from December 18th, 2020, to June 6th, 2021, using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of five sections: Demographic information, Health records, Procedures for COVID-19 prevention, Perceived stress, and Resilience. The data was collected through this questionnaire and analyzed using Pearson correlation and linear regression statistical methods.

Out of 188 participants, 121 (equivalent to 64.36%) were female. The perceived stress, resilience, and adherence to COVID-19 preventive guidelines were measured with mean scores (SD) of 23.53 (8.85), 62.16 (20.53), and 41.72 (7.22), respectively. The correlation analysis between the three variables revealed a significant positive correlation between resilience and adherence to COVID-19 preventive guidelines. Further analysis with multiple linear regression, taking into account other variables, showed that resilience, moderate, and high-stress levels significantly increased adherence to COVID-19 preventive guidelines by 17.27 (95% CI: 10.47, 24.07), 13.61 (95% CI: 6.53, 20.07), and 14.24 (95% CI: 6.57, 21.91), respectively. Additionally, there was a significant negative interaction between resilience and stress levels regarding adherence to COVID-19 preventive guidelines.

The stress level is almost moderate, and resilience is high; conversely, compliance with the guidelines for preventing COVID-19 is also high. Considering the inverse relationship between the interaction of stress and resilience with following the guidelines for the prevention of COVID-19, the necessity of gaining people's trust through their support in facing the adverse conditions of the pandemic, such as psycho-social and economic support by Health policymakers, is emphasized.

There is paucity of information on the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on emotional dysregulation and sleep quality. So, the present study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on emotional dysregulation and sleep quality in patients with chronic insomnia.

A quasi- experimental research with one-group pretest-posttest design was performed in 15 individuals with chronic insomnia attending Sleep Disorders Research Center affiliated to Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 2018. Insomnia had been confirmed by polysomnography and diagnostic interview. Then, acceptance and commitment therapy was delivered in eight weekly individual sessions. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale were administered. Data were analyzed applying Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).

Linear trends in changes in sleep quality and emotional dysregulation were found to be significant at pretest, post-test, and follow-up (P<0.001). The results also indicated that acceptance and commitment treatment had a significant effect on the subscales of emotional dysregulation (P <0.05) which could even persist through time.

According to current study, acceptance and commitment therapy can improve sleep quality in patients with chronic insomnia and also reduce emotional dysregulation in these patients.
 

Social anxiety is one of the major psychological challenges in adolescents' social relationships that could lead to many problems.  This study aimed at predicting social anxiety based on mindfulness, experiential avoidance, and meta-cognitive beliefs among adolescents in Kermanshah, Iran.

A descriptive-correlational study was performed and the statistical population included all students (male and female) in public high schools in Kermanshah, during 2017-2018 academic year. A sample of 480 people was selected and finally 406 subjects were studied. Social Phobia Inventory, Mindfulness Questionnaire (MQ), metacognitive beliefs (MCQ-30), and Experiential Avoidance Scale were used to collect the data. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were applied to analyze the data.

Pearson correlation test showed significant correlations between mindfulness and social anxiety, metacognitive beliefs, and experiential avoidance (P <0.001). Regression analysis showed that these factors could predict 40% of changes in social anxiety (P< 0.001).

Considering the role of metacognitive beliefs, experiential avoidance and mindfulness in predicting social anxiety, counselors and therapists are recommended to use acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and teaching metacognitive beliefs to adolescents in order to reduce social anxiety levels in this population.

Background and Psychological issues are of great importance in people with diabetes, so, this study was conducted to determine the association between mental health and sexual function and sexual satisfaction.
In this cross-sectional study, the research population included all males with diabetes type 2 in Kermanshah, Iran 2016. A sample of 330 patients was selected. Data was collected using the Larson Sexual Satisfaction questionnaire, Male Sexual Function Index, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), and a demographic questionnaire.
The mean age of patients was 55.42±9.28. The mean scores for sexual satisfaction and sexual function were 61.67±10.17 and 35.65±19.21, respectively. Sexual satisfaction was at a poor level. The results showed a negative relationship between sexual satisfaction and sexual function and depression, anxiety, and stress (P According to current results, sexual function and sexual satisfaction are associated with psychological factors.

Today, overweight is a damaging agent that threats general health and mental states. So, the current research was done with the aim of specifying the relationship between personality attributes (neuroticism, psychoticism), self-efficacy in weight control with people’s weight.
This was a descriptive - correlational study. The sample concluded of all of students in Razi university of Kermanshah in year 2015-2016; of them 459 people were selected with stochastic random sampling method. The research tools were self-efficacy of lifestyle that effects on weight and Eisenck personality questionnaires.
The results showed that there is a negative significant relationship between weight with neuroticism and psychotics (p Due to the results, psycho personality and self-efficacy have roles in weight control of people.

Background and Physiological, cognitive, and behavioral factors are considered as the underlying causes of insomnia. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the roles of some cognitive and emotional factors in predicting insomnia disorder.
To conduct this cross-sectional study, two groups were randomly selected. The first group comprised of 100 patients suffering from insomnia attending Sleep Disorders Center in Kermanshah Farabi Hospital, Iran 2015. The second group consisted of 100 office workers in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences who were normal sleepers. For data collection six questionnaires were utilized, including sleep quality scale, difficulties in emotion regulation scale, meta-cognitive beliefs, repetitive negative thinking, experiential avoidance questionnaire, and dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep scale.
This study showed significant differences between the two groups in all predictor variables (sleep quality, difficulties in emotion regulation, meta-cognitive beliefs, repetitive negative thinking, experiential avoidance, and dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep) (P The present study confirmed the roles of cognitive and emotional variables in the occurrence of insomnia so, they should be considered in treating insomnia.

Background and Monitoring of health and its determinants in general population is essential for development of societies, promoting health and disease prevention programs. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of social support and self-efficacy with mental health and life satisfaction in individuals living in suburbs of Kermanshah, Iran.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in summer of 2015 on 438 residents of Kermanshah suburbs who were selected using multistage cluster sampling. Data was collected using demographic characteristic form, Perceived Social Support Scale, General Self-efficacy Scale (GSE), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and general health Questionnaire (GHQ). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and Structural Equation Modeling in SPSS version 18 and Amos software, respectively.
The mean age of the participants was 29.87±11.43 years and 45% were male. The mean age of the participants was no significant difference between the males and females regarding the main variables of the study (P>0.05). The mean scores for perceived social support, self-efficacy, life satisfaction, and GHQ were 38.95, 27.22, 13.41, and 15.58, respectively. According to the results, self-efficacy had a mediating role in the relationship of social support and life satisfaction with mental health.
The mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship of social support with life satisfaction and general health, suggests that social support can enhance life satisfaction and reduce mental disorders when self-efficacy is high.

Given the significance of emotions in mental health, the present study aimed to compare the emotional dysregulation and affective styles among smokers and nonsmokers.
This descriptive and comparative study was conducted on the guilds of Kermanshah. The simple random sampling was used as the basic sampling technique whereby 152 smokers and 152 nonsmokers were selected. To collect the required data, the difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS) and the affective style questionnaire (ASQ) were exploited. As for data analysis, the multivariate analysis of variance was utilized. Additionally, the SPSS 21 was employed for data analysis.
The results of the present study revealed that there was a significant difference between the smokers and nonsmokers in terms of the emotional dysregulation and affective styles. Besides, the results demonstrated that the emotional dysregulation was significantly higher among the smokers (p Given the results of the present study, it was concluded that the emotional dysregulation and affective styles played roles in smoking. Accordingly, it was concluded that two possible reasons for one’s tendency towards smoking were one’s inability to use positive strategies for regulating emotions and numerous shortcomings in affection.

Nowadays addiction to drug abuse and dependency is one of the most psychosocial and public health challenge in the world that increasing every day and lead to disablement and a lot of mortality. It is additionally imposition abundant financial burden on person and families so have more financial burden and moral influence in community. According to this, the current investigation with aimed to survey register death in Kermanshah forensic pathology due to drug abuse from 2012 to 2013 was performed.
Research design was descriptive analytic study. Community and sampling of study involved total of register death due to drug abuse in Kermanshah forensic pathology by years2012-2013. Method of collection data was based on fulfillment questionnaire from available information in archived files and using reports from body autopsy and tests was enclosed in folders. Ultimately, analysis of gathered data was done with statistical software SPSS ver. 19 and extraction descriptive statistic index such as frequency , mean , standard deviation and chi square was done based on statistical test.
Findings: The findings demonstrated number of deceased in drug abuse induced deaths that totally was 201 . Aged 30-44 years had higher rate in other age group (90 person) 44/8%, a lot of them unmarried (126 person) 62/7% and had elementary education level (74 person) 36/8%, most of deceased were out of works (92 person) 45/8%.the most common method of injecting of drug was 92(45.8%) and most of the opium and opium and sap has been 93(46.3%) and 60(29.9%) were heroin and crack. Result of laboratory and autopsy finding demonstrate high score in MI ( 32 person) 15/9% , pulmonary TB ( 29 person) 14/4% and unknown ( 86 person)42/8%. Based on result significant difference exist between 2012 years by 2013 (p It is recommended to also check the statistics in other cities in order to reach a total pluralization of mortality in the country for and regarding to in determinate autopsy of much body’s. It is recommended to consider this point in future researches.

Given the importance of test anxiety among gifted students, the present research was conducted to study the relationship between perception of parent’s affection and attachment styles with test anxiety.
By means of simple random sampling, 300 subjects were selected out of all the gifted students in Khorramabad. Test Anxiety, perception of parents affection, and attachment styles questionnaires were used for collection data.
To analyze the data, Pearson correlation and regression were applied. The results showed that anxiety and avoidant attachment style and perception of father love predict test anxiety among both boys and girls in gifted student's school. However, there was not a meaningful relationship between attachment style and perception of mother love with test anxiety. Moreover, totally the results indicated that 9 percent of changes in test anxiety were predicted by attachment styles and perception of parent’s affection. And anxiety attachment style and perception of father love predict test anxiety.
According to the results if an individual has an avoidant attachment style he will experience the higher level of test anxiety.

Alexithymia is a personality trait associated with difficulties in emotion recognition، regulation and emotional processing. However، in the field of health and care، emotions and affects play an important role in the relationship between specialists and patients، and in general، life satisfaction. This study aimed at determining the relationship between balanced emotional empathy and life satisfaction and Alexithymia in Nurses، midwives and operating room technicians. This cross-sectional study was undertaken on 300 Nurses، midwives and operating room technicians selected via stratified random sampling in Kermanshah and Hamadan provinces، 2012. the instruments were Emotional Empathy Scale of Mehrabian & Epstein، Life Satisfaction Scale of Diener et al and Toronto alexithymia scale. Using SPSS-18، the data was analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA)، Pearson correlation and simple linear regression. The results indicated that the mean score of alexithymia in midwives (62. 19±11. 66)، life satisfaction in nurses (50. 4±85. 13) and emotional empathy in nurses (40. 12 ± 95. 100) was higher. The results showed that both life satisfaction (r=-0. 13، P<0. 05) and balanced emotional empathy (r=-0. 16) had negative significant correlation with alexithymia (p<0. 05). Based on regression analysis، life satisfaction (β =-0. 18) and balanced emotional empathy (β =-0. 15) were the negative significant predictors of alexithymia. Given the results، we recommend considering the role of empathy in healthcare settings and the enhancement of life satisfaction among hospital staff.

One factor that challenges family's health is marital infidelity associated with instability in couple's relationship and higher rate of divorce. Therefore this study was performed to investigate the role of psychological and sociological factors in predicting attitude to marital infidelity among married women in Kermanshah. To do this descriptive study, 600 married women were selected in Kermanshah through multistage cluster sampling. The data was collected through Symptom Checklist questionnaires of 90(SCL-90), social confidence, citizen culture, values and beliefs, and demographic information questionnaire. Pearson correlation, regression and Structural Equation Modeling were applied. Results showed that there is a positive relationship between interpersonal sensitivity, depression, aggression, phobia anxiety and attitude toward self- marital infidelity. But attitude toward spouse - marital infidelity had just two features with significantly important relationships: anxiety and psychosis. Among other psychological characteristics and attitudes toward marital infidelity, there was no relationship. The results also showed that there is a relationship between partnerships, Accountability, Legalism, and citizen culture with marital infidelity. Results of regression showed that depression and anxiety have more predicting effect on self-marital infidelity. According to conclusion anxiety and depression have critical roles on marital infidelity therefore it is suggested to therapists and counselors to keep this in mind.

Given the importance of mental health among students, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between alexithymia and perceived stress with mental health. This study was a descriptive correlation, and Statistical population included all students in Medical Sciences University of Kermanshah at the academic year 2013-2014. Using Stratified sampling 591 students were selected and were asked to complete Toronto alexithymia scale (Bagbi, Parker & Taylor, 1994), Cohen’s perceived stress (Cohen, and et al, 1983), and Mental Health GHQ-28 (Goldberg, 1972). Pearson correlation, regression and focal correlation were performed. The results showed that mental health and perceived stress is explained by alexithymia. Results showed that there is significant positive relationship between alexithymia and perceived stress with depression, anxiety, physical complaints, social function, and the total score of mental health. The results Indicated that mental health is explained by alexithymia and perceived stress, and the total score of mental health could be predicted by the subscales difficulty in identifying feelings and perceived stress. The results also indicated that perceived stress is the best inverse predictor of mental health, so this fact should be considered for treatment of Mental Disorders.

Family is defined as a system in which the behavior of each member influences the others. This study aimed to determine the relationship between differentiation of self in mothers and family cohesion with behavioral disorders in 3 to 6 years old children. This descriptive correlational study included all 3 to 6 year old children in Kermanshah kindergartens. A total of 300 children were selected through cluster sampling. The data were gathered through questionnaires of differentiation of self, family cohesion and children’s behavioral disorders. Pearson correlation and multivariate regression were performed. T here was a negative and significant relationship between family cohesion with hyperactivity and social maladjustment. Also, there was a negative and significant relationship between differentiation of self in mothers with anxiety, depression, and ADHD disorder in their children. The study highlights the important relationship between family and the role of mothers in preventing behavioral disorders in children.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship of personality traits and psychological empowerment with job burnout. The participants were 450 employees of Kermanshah Gas Company who were selected by census sampling method. Data were collected by five factor model of personality, psychological empowerment and job burnout questionnaires. Correlation coefficients, regression analysis and path analysis were used for data analysis. Results indicated that neuroticism had a positive relationship with job burnout, extraversion, agreeableness and accountability negatively related with job burnout, and psychological empowerment had negative relationship with job burnout. The relationship between openness and job burnout was not significant. Findings also showed that the effects of neuroticism and extraversion on job burnout through psychological empowerment are not significant. Moreover, agreeableness had an significant effect on job burnout through psychological empowerment.

Background and Social context that encompass individuals, are from the most important predictors of their health and well-being. This study was done with aim of surveying the relationship between social trust and psychological disorders in general population of Kermanshah, Iran. This cross-sectional study was done in 476 people of Kermanshah city, winter 2013 and multistage sampling method was applied. Study tools were demographic scale, the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and social trust questionnaires. Data analyzed by SPSS-18 using Pearson and canonical correlation tests.Times New Roman (font size: 10). Mean age of respondents was 30.33±9.72 and 57.6% of them were female. Results of Pearson correlation test showed that "trust to people" variable have had the most negative correlation with "paranoid ideation" and then "depression"subscales.Canonical correlation results showed that from predictor variables, the weight of "trust to government" subscale was equal 0.91 and have had the most relationship with first combined (latent) variable of dependent variables (psychological disorders subscales). The Willkslambda was 0.871 that means about 13% of dependent variables variance was predicted by trust variables. The social trust variable, comprised from trust to government and trust to people variables, can explain mental healthsignificantly and is related withdecrease of psychological disorders. Therapists can consider trust issue in the treatment of psychologicaldisorders examined in this study.

University students, as the future manpower resources, are of high importance for communities. One of the aspects to focus on is their mental health. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between alexithymia, irrational beliefs, positive and negative emotions with mental disorders in students. There were 400 students, selected randomly through stratified sampling from different disciplines at Razi University (Kermanshah, Iran). The design of the study was descriptive-correlational. The questionnaires used for collecting data were: Mental Disorders Symptoms (SCL_90), Alexithymia (FTAS-20), Jones Irrational Beliefs tests, and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANAS-X). Collected data were analyzed using statistical indices including correlation, regression and fundamental correlation. Data analysis indicated that there was a significant relationship between alexithymia, irrational beliefs and negative emotions with mental disorders. There was a negative significant relationship between positive emotions and mental disorders. Alexithymia, irrational beliefs and negative emotions were capable of predicting mental disorders while positive emotions did not have this capacity. Although about 73% of mental disorders were predicted by irrational beliefs, alexithymia, negative and positive emotions, but negative emotions and alexithymia contributed more than other variables. Alexithymia and irrational beliefs play major roles in mental disorders. These variables explain a high variability rate of mental disorders. They are the predisposing factors for mental disorders. They need more attention in clinical studies.

The present study conducted to explain self-differentiation according to attachment styles and alexithymia. This is a descriptive–correlational study in which 325 students were selected through stratified random sampling. To gather required data self-differentiation questionnaire (DSIR- R), Hazan and Shower attachment questionnaire plus alexithymia inventory (FTAS-20) were used. Data analysis was also conducted by statistical methods of correlation and regression. Findings showed that there was positive and significant relationship between safe attachment style and self-differentiation. There was a negative relationship between aversive attachment style and self-differentiation either. Results were also suggestive of a negative relationship between alexithymia and self-differentiation. All things considered, aversive attachment style, alexithymia and safe attachment style can predict self-differentiation. According to the results, safe attachment style as well as emotional expression are the main factors contributing to high level of self-differentiation.

Whit regard to that searching for meaning is the entity of existence, this research performed with the aim of studying the meaning on Psychological health from psychology and Religion viewpoints. The method of research was descriptive- analytic approach that, at first historical respect to meaning in different philosophical approaches has been offered. Then, Religion and the viewpoints of holly Islam psychology viewpoints have been discussed. The result of various studies showed that lack of meaning in life can create neurosis, hopelessness and mental disorders. In holly versus of Quran-e- Karim and discourses this matter has also certified. It can be said that human being in his/her life needs to meaning and it can be searched and discovered but he/she cannot create meaning by himself/herself and make it in his thought but that needs to training and if it to be obtained he/she will feel healthy and relaxed. As it has been said in holly Quran that reminding of god is relaxing of hearts.

The emotion regulation has a special role in human health. Studies have shown that emotion regulation problems may lead to physical and psychological problems. The aim of this study was to compare the amount of alexithymia and its aspects among patients with kidney diseases، nurses and students. This cross-sectional study was performed in Kermanshah، 2012. The study population included three samples of 110 patients with kidney diseases in Kermanshah، 110 students of Razi University and 110 nursing staff of Kermanshah hospitals that were selected by convenience sampling method. The measurement tool was alexithymia questionnaire (FTAS-20). Data were analyzed using multi-way Analysis of Variance (multi-way ANOVA) test and Scheffe test. There were significant differences among the three groups. The mean scores of alexitymia were significantly higher in patients with kidney diseases (M=59. 41) than nurses (M=58. 95) and students (M=51. 94)، and the mean scores of alexitymia were significantly higher in nurses than students. With regard to the results، it is suggested that the role of emotion regulation as well as treatment should be considered in patients with kidney diseases. The role of emotion regulation should also be considered in nursing staff seriously.

The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between the Eysenck Personality characteristics and resiliency with a look at the issue of suicide among girl students in Kermanshah. For performing the research, a sample size of 250 individuals was selected of all secondary school students in Kermanshah by a cluster sampling. Descriptive study was of a correlative type, and to analyze the data, Pearson correlation and regression analysis was used by the help of SPSS19 software. To gather data, the Eysenck Personality characteristics questionnaires, Connor and Davidson resiliency approach and attitude to committing suicide were used. Results showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between personality traits psychotic mental attitudes, and attitude to committing suicide, but there is a negative correlation between extroversion and attitude to committing suicide. In addition, results indicate that there is a negative correlation between resiliency and attitude to committing suicide. According to the results, it could be concluded that the character of a structure is associated with suicide.

According to dimensions of mental disorders and researches focusing on mental disorders in the general population، the relationship between alexithymia، positive affect and negative affect with mental disorders has been investigated in this paper. for this study، 300 students were randomly selected from Razi University. In order to gather the data، questionnaires of sq_90، alexithymia (FTAS-20) and scale of positive and negative effects (PANAS-X) were employed. For data analysis، statistical indices such as correlation and regression were used. The results obtained from the data analysis showed that there is a significant and positive correlation between Alexithymia and negative affect with mental disorders. It was found that there is a significant and negative correlation between negative affect and mental disorders. The results indicated that Alexithymia and negative affect can predict mental disorders; however، positive affect is not able to predict the mental disorders. Based on the results of this study، the Alexithymia and negative affect have a negative role in mental health.

According to patterns of obsessive-compulsive disorder and relying on the researches emphasizing on obsessive- compulsive symptoms in general population، this study was aimed to investigate the relation of alexitymia، positive affect and negative affect with obsessive - compulsive disorder syndrome. This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 300 students that were selected by stratified sampling from Razi University. In order to collect the data، questionnaire SCL-90، alexitymia questionnaire (FTAS-20)، and the scale of positive and negative affects (PANAS-X) were used. For data analysis، statistical indices such as correlation and regression were used. The analysis of the data showed that there was a significant positive relationship between negative affect and alexitymia and their subscales with the obsessive-compulsive disorder syndrome. A significant negative correlation was found between positive affect and obsessive-compulsive disorder syndrome. Regression analysis showed that alexitymia، positive and negative affect can predict obsessive-compulsive disorder syndrome. B ased on the results، it can be concluded that the emotions have an important role in predicting and appearing the obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Backgrounds and

Given the importance of family in shaping the characters، current study was conducted to examine the role of gender، differentiation and attachment styles inon predicting the incidence of Alexeithmia.

This descriptive correlative study was conducted. For to predicting alexithymia، and obtaining a predicting equation. The discriminant analysis method was used based on spss19 software. In this study، 325 students from Kermanshah Razi University were selected using stratified random sampling method. Data collection instruments was (DSI-R) questionnaire and adult attachment styles questionnaire، and for alexithymia we used FTAS-20 Questionnaire.

The results showed that secure attachment and avoidant attachment style and differentiation total score are able to predict the alexithymia. Therefore، if a person have the highest differentiation and secure attachment style and has the least avoidant attachment style، they are less likely subject to alexithymia characteristics. But the results showed that gender cannot predict the alexithymia

The results are with the family''s role in the occurrence of alexithymia.