فهرست مطالب علی شاکر دولق

Stomach cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the world and the second cause of cancer death. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and compare the effectiveness of Islamic therapeutic spirituality with SIT on emotional dysfunction and pain self-efficacy in gastric cancer patients of Ardabi, Iran.

The present study was semi-experimental using the pre-test-post-test method with a control group, which was conducted in 2022. The statistical population included patients with stomach cancer in Ardabil city, Imam Khomeini Hospital and Shafa Parto Chemotherapy Center in Ardabil city in chemotherapy stage. 60 people were selected as available and were randomly divided into three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). The measurement tool in this research was the Toronto Emotional Dysfunction Scale, the Bandura Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. which was examined in three groups before the group intervention and at the end of the 10th session. The first test group was exposed to Islamic spiritual therapy, and the second test group was exposed to cognitive-behavioral therapy based on immunization training. received SIT and the control group did not receive any psychological treatment. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests of covariance and its assumptions (Kalmogorov Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilks test and Levin test), post hoc Bonferroni test.

The results of multivariate covariance analysis indicated that the spirituality of Islamic therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy based on stress immunity training (SIT), both on emotional dysfunction and pain self-efficacy have a significant effectiveness compared to the control group, but the spiritual method of Islamic therapy compared to the cognitive-behavioral therapy group Re is based on immunization training in emotional failure (F=11.058) and pain self-efficacy (F=32.050), the effect of trust (P≤0.01).

 Considering the available findings, it seemed that SIT, despite emphasizing irrational thoughts, replacing them with efficient cognitions, and equipping the patient with a complete treasure of skills was less effective than Islamic therapeutic spirituality in reducing negative thoughts in stomach cancer patients. Therefore, these psychological interventions can be important and have clinical applications as an independent or complementary approach along with drug treatments in gastric cancer patients. Therefore, it is possible to take practical action by teaching Islamic spiritual therapy to improve their emotional inadequacy and self-efficacy.

Pregnancy is one of the most important events in a woman's life and is often considered as a period of excitement, expectation and change. The Aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between sleep problems and childhood trauma with the mediation of resilience in pregnant women in Tehran.

An analytical-correlational study was conducted on 288 pregnant women who referred to medical centers in Tehran in the first half of 2023. Pregnant women were selected by targeted non-random sampling method.. Three questionnaires of sleep problems, resilience of Connor and Davidson (CD-RISC) and childhood trauma (CTQ) were completed by pregnant women. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS-27 and LISREL-8/8 software and Pearson correlation tests and structural equations.

The average age of pregnant women was (32.58±9.6) and the majority of them (41.5%) had a bachelor's degree.The findings confirmed the existence of a relationship between childhood trauma (r=0.25) and resilience (r=-0.21) with the dependent variable of sleep problems (p<0.01), which shows that the increase in resilience reduces sleep problems. will follow Also, childhood trauma had a significant relationship with resilience variable (p<0.01, r=-0.20) and it was shown with a coefficient of determination of 37% of the variance. The fit of the model was higher than average and a good value.

Based on the obtained results, it is suggested to focus more on childhood problems and injuries and the resilience of pregnant women so that they can experience less sleep problems during pregnancy.

The present paper aims to investigate the efficiency of metacognitive therapy in improving physiological (systolic and diastolic blood pressure) and psychological (depression, stress, anxiety) performance in patients with primary hypertension. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. However, the statistical population of the study included all men with primary hypertension who had visited the Shams Clinic, located in Bonab city, in the first half of 2020. The research sample consisted of 40 individuals who were selected voluntarily and then randomly assigned to 2 groups of 20 people (experimental group and control group). Furthermore, for the experimental group, metacognition therapy was held in nine sessions of 90 minutes and one session per week. Depression, anxiety, stress scale, and blood pressure measuring device were used to collect the data. multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was applied to analyze the data. The findings showed that, however, metacognitive therapy led to significant differences between groups in anxiety, stress, systolic pressure, and diastolic pressure (P<0.01). In other words, metacognitive therapy led to the reduction of anxiety and stress and the improvement of physiological function (systolic and diastolic blood pressure) in the subjects of the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.01); although the difference between the mean scores of the two groups in the depression component was not significant (P>0.05). Therefore, as the results, it is suggested to apply this treatment method to improve psychological conditions and consequently reduce the physical problems of individuals with primary blood pressure

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of narrative therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on pain efficacy and coping styles in metastatic breast cancer patients resistant to treatment. The statistical population included all female patients with refractory metastatic breast cancer referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia. 45 patients were selected using a targeted non-random sampling method and were completely randomly replaced in two experimental groups (narrative therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy) and a control group (15 people in each group). Data collection tools included Pain Self-Efficacy Scale (PSEQ), Lazarus Coping Strategies Scale. The experimental group underwent narrative therapy intervention (8 sessions of 2 hours) and cognitive-behavioral intervention (9 sessions of 60-90 minutes). The data was analyzed using SPSS-26 software and using analysis of variance and LSD.The findings showed that the effectiveness of narrative treatment on pain self-efficacy (F = 2.684, P < 0.001, F = (43,2) 60.734) and coping styles (0.567 = 2ᶯ, 0.001) >P, 286/35=(43, F) is significant. Also, CBT-based intervention on pain self-efficacy (F = 2.689, P < 0.001, F = 2.43) and coping styles (P < 0.001, 370 = 0.754) /231=(43.2) F) has a significant effect. According to the results of LSD, compared to the cognitive-behavioral therapy group, the narrative therapy group increased in the post-test of pain self-efficacy and problem-oriented coping style and decreased in the emotion-oriented coping style at a significant level (p<0.05). Is.

Nurses are more often exposed to cyberchondria owing to their frequent contact with patients. Thus, the present study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of metacognitive and compassion therapies on the level of cyberchondria symptoms in nurses. The research utilized an experimental method involving a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design. As for the sample size, 60 nurses from hospitals in Tabriz participated in the research in 2022. Through random selection, the nurses were assigned to three groups, i.e. metacognitive therapy, compassion therapy and control group. McLurry and Shevlin’s Cyberchondria Scale (CSS) was employed for data collection. Next, the researchers carried out data analysis with the use of the mixed analysis of variance model, Tukey's and Benferroni's post hoc tests, using SPSS statistical software (version 22). A significant P value of less than 0.05 was observed. The time factor proved to have a significant impact on the amount of cyberchondria dimensions. In other words, the level of cyberchondria dimensions decreased from pre-test to follow-up. Moreover, the interaction effect of time and group also revealed that there were significant variations among the three groups (i.e. metacognitive therapy group, compassion therapy group and control group) in terms of compulsion, distress, excessiveness and reassurance. In other words, the level of cyberchondria dimensions in the intervention groups was lower than that of the control group in the post-test and the follow-up phases. Given the effectiveness of metacognitive and compassion therapies on cyberchondria symptoms, it seems that the application of metacognitive therapy and compassion therapy interventions will alleviate and treat cyberchondria symptoms in nurses.

High blood pressure is one of the most common chronic diseases and the world's third leading cause of death. More than one in five adults worldwide have high blood pressure. Primary hypertension is thought to be caused by psychological and physiological factors. Psychophysiological factors include rumination, emotion regulation, and psychosomatic symptoms. Metacognitive therapy is an emerging therapy that emphasizes reducing ineffective cognitive processes and facilitating metacognitive processing instead of focusing on the content of thinking. The main goal of metacognitive therapy is to enable patients to interact with their thoughts differently, develop flexible metacognitive control and awareness, and prevent processing through worry, rumination, and threatening feminism. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on mental rumination, emotion regulation, and psychological symptoms of female patients with high blood pressure in the health care clinic of the northwestern oil industry.

The research method was quasi–experimental with a pretest–posttest with a 3–month follow–up design with a control group. The statistical population was all female patients with hypertension referred to the northwestern oil industry health clinic in 2020. From the above population, 30 people were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The inclusion criteria include satisfaction with participating in group meetings, no substance abuse, and minimum diploma education. The age range was 40–55 years, and the exclusion criteria were the absence of more than two sessions in the experimental group and non–participation and cooperation during the sessions. The experimental group underwent metacognitive therapy for 10 sessions, and the control group received no intervention. Measuring instruments were Ruminative Response Scale (Nolen–Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991), Psychosomatic Complaints Scale (Takata & Sakata, 2004), and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004). Data analysis using descriptive statistics indicators, including mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics, including the Chi–square test, independent t test, and analysis of variance with repeated measurements, was done in SPSS software version 22. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05.

The results showed that in the experimental group compared to the control group, the mean scores of the variables of non–acceptance of emotions, lack of emotional awareness, limited access to emotional strategies, psychosomatic symptoms, and mental rumination in the posttest and follow–up stages were significantly lower than the pretest (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the mean scores of the follow–up and posttest stages in the mentioned variables, indicating the intervention's continued effectiveness in the follow–up stage (p>0.05).

According to the findings, metacognitive therapy through strategies such as practicing disconnected mindfulness, delaying mental rumination, examining positive beliefs, continuing to challenge positive beliefs, and identifying negative beliefs reduces the difficulty in regulating emotion and rumination and psychosomatic symptoms.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of adolescence issues, dissatisfaction with body image and attachment to parents and peers in predicting social anxiety among teenage girls.

The present study was a correlational study. 106 female high school students in Urmia who were studying in the second half of 2016-2017 were selected by convenience sampling method and Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), The Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI), The Adolescent Concerns Evaluation (ACE) and they completed the Jorabak Social Anxiety Scale. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression.

Findings showed that adolescence issues (r = 0.65-74), attachment to parents and peers (r = -0.35-0.52) and body image dissatisfaction (0.45- 75.75) R = 0) had a positive and significant correlation with social anxiety Teenage girls (p <0.01) Regression findings also showed that school issues have the highest (Beta = 0.621) prediction..

Social anxiety in Teenage girls is directly and significantly affected by adolescence issues, attachment to parents and peers and dissatisfaction with body image.

The emergence of ethical behavior is affected by the correct formulation of moral values ​​and it will have its proper function when the factors affecting it and the relationships between them are carefully identified. Therefore, this research has investigated these relationships with the aim of formulating a model of ethical behavior of employees based on spiritual experiences and the mediation of perceived justice variable. The research is quantitative in terms of approach, in terms of applied purpose, in terms of descriptive-correlational nature, and in terms of data collection, it is survey type. The statistical population is all the employees of Payam Noor University of West Azarbaijan Province (N = 275) and due to the limited statistical population, sampling was done as a total number. Data analysis was done using SPSS and SMART PLS software. The findings of the research showed that the variable of spiritual experiences has a positive and significant relationship with moral behavior in Payam Noor University of West Azerbaijan province, and the variable of perceived justice also mediates the relationship between them. Also, among the three components of universal mysticism, personal mysticism and religious mysticism, the greatest impact of spiritual experiences on moral behavior is through the component of cosmic mysticism. Based on the results of moral values ​​in Payam Noor University of West Azarbaijan Province, it is under the direct influence of spiritual experiences and the indirect influence of perceived justice.

The aim of this study was to the effectiveness of stress inoculation therapy on alexithymia and medication adherence of cardiovascular patients. The quasi-experimental research design was pretest-posttest and follow-up with the nonequivalent control group. The statistical population of this study included all patients with coronary heart disease who referred to the specialized heart hospital in Urmia in 2022 who had referred to this center for medical services. The sample size consisted of 40 people from the mentioned community who were selected by available sampling method and placed in two experimental and control groups. The research instruments included The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (1994) and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (2008). The results showed that stress inoculation therapy had a significant effect on improving alexithymia and medication adherence in the post-test and follow-up stages. The findings of the present study show that stress inoculation therapy can improve alexithymia and medication adherence in cardiovascular patients.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy in improving physical intelligence, anxiety tolerance, and sense of cohesion in patients with essential hypertension. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The population under study included all men with essential hypertension referring to Shams boarding clinic in Bonab city in the first half of 2022. The research sample consisted of 40 people selected voluntarily and randomly assigned to two groups of 20 people (experimental and control). Metacognitive therapy was held in nine sessions of 90 minutes and one session per week for the experimental group. The sense of cohesion (Antonovsky, 1987), physical intelligence (Anderson, 2006) and distress tolerance (Simons and Gaher, 2005) questionnaires were used to collect data. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was applied to analyze the data. Based on the results, metacognitive therapy increased physical intelligence, distress tolerance, and sense of cohesion in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.01). The results suggested that the counselors and psychologists of psychotherapy centers apply metacognitive therapy to improve psychological conditions and reduce the physical problems of people with essential hypertension.

Today, organizations have found a prominent place in the cultural and social structure of societies. Many of the vital activities of people's lives take place in organizations, and life without various organizations is almost impossible. To adapt to the changing environment around them, organizations must incorporate values ​​that ensure organizational health. Therefore, this study aims to provide a model of ethics-based culture based on spiritual experiences and personality traits and perceived justice. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in nature. The statistical population of the staff of Payame Noor University of West Azerbaijan Province is 275 people and due to the limited statistical population, sampling has been done in total. Also, to form an expert panel, ten experts were selected by purposive sampling. The data collection tool is a standard questionnaire and the collected data were analyzed through SPSS, LISREL and MATLAB software. The research results confirm the research hypotheses other than the mediation of perceived justice in the relationship between personality traits and ethical culture. In achieving the desired combination of components, it was found that the most desirable level of ethics-oriented culture is 2.58 out of 3 and is achieved when personality traits are 2.68, perceived justice is 2.39 and spiritual experiences are 2.5. Overall, the results of this study showed that personality traits and spiritual experiences have a significant effect on strengthening moral culture and high perceived justice can intensify this. In addition, in the most desirable case in Payame Noor University of West Azerbaijan Province, the level of ethics-oriented culture is 0.42 away from the ideal state.

Sleep quality, alexithymia, and non-medication adherence are among the factors that contribute to the risk of developing or worsening coronary artery disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive emotion regulation on sleep quality, alexithymia and medication adherence of coronary artery patients.

The quasi-experimental research design was pretest-posttest and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of this study included all patients with coronary heart disease who referred to the specialized heart hospital in Urmia in 2022 who had referred to this center for medical services. The sample size consisted of 40 people from the mentioned community who were selected by available sampling method and randomly placed in two experimental and control groups. For the experimental group, cognitive emotion regulation intervention was implemented in 8 sessions of 50 minutes during four weeks, while the control group did not receive any training. The research instruments included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (1989), The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (1994) and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (2008). The collected data were analyzed using the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements.

The results of the analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that the intervention of cognitive regulation of emotion significantly improved sleep quality (F=76.551, p<0.01), difficulty in recognizing emotions (F=44.102, p<0.01), difficulty in describing feelings (F=30.514, p<0.01), externally oriented thinking (F=31.981, p<0.01) and non-medication adherence (F=43.136, p<0.01) in the sample It has been effective in cardiovascular patients.

The results showed that the above emotional cognitive intervention has significantly improved the quality of sleep, ataxia, and adherence to treatment in the studied subjects, so the use of this intervention is suggested for cardiovascular patients.

In addition to the destructive effects of MS, there are emotional and psychological problems. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance, commitment and reality therapy based on reducing anxiety sensitivity in women with MS in Urmia. The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population of this study included women with MS referred to the MS Association of Urmia in 1398, from which a sample of 45 people were selected voluntarily and were divided into two experimental groups and a control group. For the first experimental group, the intervention based on acceptance and commitment was performed, and for the second experimental group, reality therapy was performed, while the control group did not receive any training. The research instruments included Reese and Peterson Anxiety Sensitivity Scale (1985). Both treatments showed an effect on reducing anxiety sensitivity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and the most effective intervention acceptance and commitment (p <0.05) had an effect on reducing anxiety sensitivity. The findings of this study provide useful information about reality therapy and treatment based on acceptance and commitment to reducing anxiety sensitivity. Clinical counselors and psychologists can use both therapeutic interventions to reduce anxiety sensitivity in patients with MS.

 Nowadays, in analyzing the behavior of organizations, dealing with ethics and moral values ​​is one of the requirements and identifying its predictive factors has been one of the hot research topics in recent years. This research has been conducted with the aim of developing a model of ethical behavior of employees based on spiritual experiences, social support and personality traits with the mediation of perceived justice.

 The present research method is descriptive correlation. The statistical population is all the employees of Payame Noor University of West Azarbaijan province (N=275) and due to the limited statistical population, all people of the population were considered as a statistical sample. The data collection tools for measuring the variable of personality traits were Ashton and Lee questionnaire, moral behavior of Swanson questionnaire, spiritual experiences of Ghorbani questionnaire, social support of Singhapakdi questionnaire and perceived justice of Colquitt questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS 26 and SMART PLS 3 software.

Ethical Considerations: 

In order to organize this research, ethical aspects including preserving the authenticity of the texts and honesty were observed and the participants answered the questionnaires knowing the objectives of the research.

 The results showed that the effect of spiritual experiences on moral behavior is 0.304 with the absolute value of T=3.458; The effect of social support on moral behavior is 0.316 with the absolute value of t=3.051; The effect of personality traits on ethical behavior is 0.223 with the absolute value of t=2.686. Finally, the effect of social justice on moral behavior is 0.166 with the absolute value of T=2.055. Also, the perceived justice variable only mediates the relationship between spiritual experiences and personality traits with moral behavior.

 The results showed that moral values are under the direct influence of social support, spiritual experiences and personality traits and the variable of perceived justice can also increase the intensity of this effect. Also, the social support variable has the greatest impact on moral values. Therefore, strengthening the moral frameworks of the organization in the first step requires the creation of a supportive and fair environment and in such an environment, the behavioral patterns of the employees will be more consistent with the ethical and value standards.

People with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have specific psychological characteristics and psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety disorder, which affect their emotional and personality aspects and suffer from psychosomatic complaints. Patients with MS use fewer problem-solving coping strategies, and their coping strategies are more avoidant or emotional. Anxiety sensitivity is a psychological risk factor that has received much attention in clinical and epidemiological studies of anxiety disorders. Acceptance and commitment therapy, first through education, provides a platform for a more positive attitude toward anxiety-related thoughts and feelings. Then, through mindfulness-based exercises and cognitive defusion, the patient accepts the extent to which these unpleasant feelings are annoying. In this therapy, all efforts to create and nurture a value-based life help the patient learn the desired way of living and ultimately achieve psychological flexibility. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on anxiety sensitivity, psychosomatic complaints, and coping strategies in patients with MS.

The research method was quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included women with MS who were referred to the MS Association of Urmia in 2019, from whom a sample of 30 people was selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two groups (each group 15 people). The inclusion criteria were diagnosis of MS by a psychiatrist, age range of 30 to 45 years, consent to participate in research, and education of higher than junior high school. The exclusion criteria were severe symptoms of MS, suffering from one of the mental disorders and not participating in the training sessions for the experimental group. Both groups responded in pretest and posttest to the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (Reiss & Mcnally, 1985), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (Endler & Parker, 1990), and Dimension of Physical Complaints of Symptom Checklist-90 (Derogatis et al.,1974). For the experimental group, acceptance and commitment therapy was administered in eight sessions of one and a half hours, while the control group did not receive training. Data analysis was done using descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (univariate analysis of covariance, independent t test and the Chi-square test) in SPSS version 23. The significance level of the tests was considered to be 0.05.

The results showed that after adjusting the pretest scores in the posttest, there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups between the components of anxiety sensitivity, including fear of physical worry (p<0.001), fear of lack of cognitive control (p<0.001) and fear of being observed by others (p<0.001), the physical complaint variable (p<0.001) and components of coping strategies variable, including problem-oriented coping (p<0.001), emotion-oriented coping (p<0.001), and avoidance coping (p<0.001).

According to the research findings, acceptance and commitment therapy can be used to reduce anxiety sensitivity, reduce physical complaints and change the coping strategies of patients with MS.

Depression is one of the most common chronic diseases among people with high levels of comorbidity with other mental disorders. The interpretation of bias in depression has been well studied, so that depressed people tend to decipher or recall negative information more easily than positive or neutral information. Researchers have suggested that information processing and interpretive bias are associated with the development and persistence of emotional disorders. Because the stimuli and events around us are rarely overtly positive or negative, the interpretive process is critical to how information is stored in memory, and negative interpretive biases are an underlying mechanism for depressive disorders. This interpretive bias is influenced by various variables, one of the most important of which can be personality organization, a concept that Kronberg proposed based on the framework of object relations theory. The purpose of this study was to structural equation modeling of personality organization and object relations with interpretation bias with role mediator meta–emotion and sensory processing sensitivity in depressed students.

The research method was analytical correlational by structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study was the students of Islamic Azad University Urmia branch, Urmia City, Iran, in the academic year 2019–2020. In this study, according to convenience sampling method, 200 depressed students were selected as samples and they were asked to answer the Revised Beck Depression Inventory–II (Beck et al., 1988), Inventory of Personality Organization (Lenzenweger et al., 2001), Bell Object Relations Inventory (BORI) (Bell et al., 1986), Ambiguous Scenarios Test–Depression (AST–D) (Berna et al., 2011), Meta–Emotion Scale (MES) (Mitmansgruber et al. (2009), and Highly Sensitive Person Scale (Aron and Aron, 1997). Among those who answered the questionnaires, 200 students who scored Score higher than 10 on Beck Depression Inventory–II were selected. The Explore command in SPSS program was used to investigate the outliers in the present study; the results of the study of outages in the variables of the present study showed no outages in any of the research variables. Data were analyzed at descriptive and inferential levels. At the descriptive level, mean and standard deviation were used to measure the research variables. At the inferential level, the Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used to investigate the relationships between variables. Data analysis software was SPSS version 24 and AMOS version 24, at a significance level of 0.05.

The present study results indicated that the path coefficient between personality organization (β=–0.457, p=0.012), object relations (β=–0.098, p=0.008), meta–emotion (β=–0.336, p<0.001) and sensory processing sensitivity (β=–0.205, p<0.001) with interpretation bias was negative and significant. Also, indirect paths of personality organization and object relations with interpretation bias through mediating role of meta–emotion and sensory processing sensitivity were significant. The goodness of fit indices supported the optimal fit of the research model with the collected data (X2/df=2.488, NFI=0.911, GFI=0.907, IFI=0.913, AGFI=0.901, CFI=0.908, and RMSEA=0.063).

Based on the findings of this study, meta–cognition and sensory processing sensitivity play a mediating role in the relationship between personality organization and object relationships with the interpretation bias of depressed people. Also, the structural model of the research and satisfactory with research data and is an important step in identifying the factors that are effective in interpretation bias in depressed students.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of acceptance and commitment-based therapy and emotion regulation education on chronic pain and self-care in women with coronary artery disease.

Research shows that coronary heart disease is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world, which reduces the useful efficiency of people. Psychological factors can change many aspects of patients' lives and relationships.

The research design was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with control group. The statistical population in this study included all women with coronary artery disease referred to Tabriz Heart Hospital in 2020. Women who had inclusion criteria were selected and randomly assigned to the first experimental group (n=15), the second experimental group (n=15) and the control group (n=15). The first experimental group (emotion regulation education) was subjected to 12 sessions of 90-minute duration (three sessions per week), The second experimental group (acceptance and commitment-based therapy) received 8 sessions of 90-minute duration, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The chronic pain scale of Von Korff et al. and the self-care scale of Rigel et al. were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and LSD post hoc test in SPSS Version 21.

The results showed that treatment based on acceptance and commitment and emotion regulation education have an effect on chronic pain and self-care of patients with coronary artery occlusion (P ≤0.0001), as they reduced chronic pain and improve patients' self-care. The results also showed that acceptance and commitment therapy has a greater effect on chronic pain and patients' self-care than emotion regulation education.

Attention to acceptance and commitment therapy and emotion regulation education can play a role in reducing the psychological problems of women with coronary artery disease.

Research shows that coronary heart disease is one of the main causes of death and disability in the world which reduces the useful efficacy of people. According to the literature review, mental factors can influence many aspects of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion regulation training on reducing chronic pain, resilience, and self-care in patients with coronary artery occlusion.

The research design was quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population in this study includes all women with coronary artery occlusion who were referred to Tabriz Heart Hospital in the first half of 2021. After reviewing the clinical interview, women with the criteria to enter the study were determined, selected, and randomly assigned to experimental group (n = 15) and control group (n = 15). Data were collected using the Van Korf et al. Chronic Pain Scale, the Connor & Davidson Resilience Questionnaire, and the Rigel et al. Self-Care Scale. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that emotion regulation training has an effect on chronic pain, resilience, and self-care of patients with coronary artery occlusion (p <0.001). In fact, emotion regulation training reduces chronic pain and improves resilience and self-care in patients.

Paying attention to emotion regulation plays an important role in reducing the psychological problems of patients with coronary artery occlusion.

Reality therapy states that human beings always behave in such a way as to control the world and themselves to satisfy their needs, and this style of control can play a role in causing psychological problems, but human beings can accept responsibility for their behaviors and have more satisfaction in life. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of reality therapy on anxiety sensitivity and coping strategies in patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

The quasi-experimental research design is pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population included women with MS who referred to the MS Association of Urmia in 1398, from which a sample of 30 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into two groups. 15 people were replaced. For the experimental group, reality therapy was presented in 8 sessions of 1.5 hours, while the control group did not receive training. Research tools include Reese and Peterson Anxiety Sensitivity Scale, (1985). Andler and Parker Coping Strategies Questionnaire, (1990). Was. In order to analyze the data, univariate analysis of covariance was used at a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed that reality therapy can make significant changes in anxiety sensitivity (p <0.05) and coping strategies (p <0.05) so that the experimental group than the control group more than problem-oriented coping style. And used fewer emotion-coping and avoidance coping styles.

Findings of this study provide useful information about reality therapy, anxiety sensitivity and coping strategies and how to change and improve them. Counselors and psychologists can use reality therapy to reduce anxiety sensitivity and improve coping strategies in patients with MS.

The prevalence of obesity is a threat to health worldwide, with many variables increasing, including eating disorder beliefs and Alexithymia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Teaching Emotion Regulation on the eating disorder beliefs, Alexithymia and weight loss in overweight women.

The quasi-experimental research design is pre-test-post-test with a control group and follow-up stage. The statistical population included overweight women referring to nutrition clinics in Urmia in 1398. Among them, a sample of 30 people was selected by voluntary sampling method and randomly alternated in two groups of 15 people. For the experimental group, Emotion Regulation intervention based on Gross Model was provided, while the control group did not receive any training. The research instruments included body mass index (BMI), Torento Alexithymia Scale and Eating Disorders Beliefs Questionnaire (EDBQ). After the training course, evaluations related to experimental and control groups were performed again in the post-test phase with a follow-up interval of 3 month. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that emotion regulation intervention was effective on weight loss, eating disorder beliefs and Alexithymia in overweight women (P <0.005) and the results were stable during the follow-up period (P <0.005).

According to the obtained results, Teaching Emotion Regulation can be used for weight loss, eating disorder beliefs and Alexithymia.

In recent years, obesity and overweight have become a major public health threat over the world. This research has aimed at investigating the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on eating disorder beliefs, Alexithymia and weight loss in overweight women.

The research design was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group and follow-up stage. The statistical population included overweight women referring to nutrition clinics in Urmia in 1398. Subjects were screened using the inclusion criteria. Among them, a sample of 30 people was selected by available sampling method and randomly   divided into two groups of 15 people. For the experimental group, positivist psychotherapy training was provided in 8, 1-hour sessions according to the instructions of Seligman and Rashid (2008), while the control group did not receive any training. The research instruments included body mass index (BMI) which was measured by dividing weight (in kilograms) by height squared (in meters), Toronto Alexithymia Scale ( TAS-20)  and Eating Disorders Beliefs Questionnaire (EDBQ).

The results showed that positive psychotherapy has significant impacts on weight loss, eating disorders beliefs and   alexithymia in obese and overweight women.

According to the obtained results, positive psychotherapy can be used for weight loss, eating disorders beliefs and Alexithymia. Therefore, it is suggested that this intervention applies for overweight and obesity treatment.

The purpose of this research was to propose the causal model of adjustment to cancer based on attachment styles and mediating of causal attribution styles in women with cancer. Statistical population Included women with cancer in Urmia that were treated during the first six months of 2019. 360 patients were selected as sample by using purposive sampling procedure. The research design was a correlation of structural equations. Three questionnaires of Adult Attachment Styles (1987), Causal Attribution Styles (1983) and Mental Adjustment to Cancer (1989) were implemented to collect data. The data was analyzed via Partial Least Squares method for structural equation modeling and PLS software. The research results indicated direct and significant relationship between attachment and causal attribution styles and significant direct and indirect relationships between attachment styles and psychological adjustment to cancer(p < 001). Also, a significant direct relationship and effect was observed between causal attribution styles and psychological adjustment to cancer(p < 001). The overall result of the research showed that the model had the ability to predict and optimum goodness of fit and was well constructed.

The aim of this study was to determine the direct effect of early maladaptive schemas and the direct effect of causal attribution styles on psychological Adjustment to cancer.

The study type is structural equation (SEM) and was conducted on a sample of 400 women with cancer in Urmia using the Questionnaires of Young Schema (SF-YSQ), attributional Style (ASQ) and Adjustment to Cancer (Mini-Mac). PLS software was used for data analysis.

There is a significant direct relationship between the areas of early maladaptive schemas and causal attribution styles with the path coefficient of 0.617 (P <001). Also, there is a significant direct relationship between the areas of early maladaptive schemas and psychological adaptation to cancer with a path coefficient of 0.496, an indirect relationship with a path coefficient of 0.079 and a total effect of 0.575 (P <001). There is a significant direct relationship between causal attribution styles and psychological adaptation to cancer with a path coefficient of 0.20 (P <001). In the Q2 index, the value of Red CV obtained for the variable of causal attribution styles is equal to 0.252 and the variable of psychological compatibility with cancer is equal to 0.204.

The exogenous variable of early maladaptive schema areas has a direct effect on the endogenous variable of causal attribution styles and a direct and indirect effect through the variable of causal attribution styles on the endogenous variable of psychological Adjustment to cancer. The endogenous variable of causal attribution styles also has a direct effect on the variable of psychological Adjustment to cancer. The general conclusion is that the model has the ability to predict and fit and is well made.

This study aimed to determine the role of social support, spiritual health and health literacy in predicting the tendency to risky behaviors in adolescents. The present research was cross-sectional from correlation type. The study population was high school students in West Azerbaijan province in the academic years of 2019-2020. The research sample was 560 people who were selected by randomly multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected with using questionnaires of social support (Vaux & et al, 1986), spiritual health (Palutzian & Ellison, 1982), health literacy (Ghanbari & et al, 2016) and tendency to risky behaviors (ZadehMohammadi & et al, 2011) and were analyzed with correlation and multiple regression methods in SPSS-25 software. The results of the analyzes showed that all three variables of social support, spiritual health and health literacy had a significant negative relationship with the tendency to risky behaviors in adolescents. In addition, three variables of social support, spiritual health and health literacy had a significant role in predicting the tendency to risky behaviors in adolescents (p < 0.05). According to the results of the present study, it is necessary to reduce the tendency of risky behaviors by professionals and therapists by increasing social support, spiritual health and health literacy in adolescents. Therefore, counselors and psychologists to reduce risky behaviors in adolescents can increase social support, spiritual health and health literacy.

 The aim of this study was to examine the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on chronic pain, resilience and self-care in women with coronary artery disease.

 Women with cardiovascular disease have many problems in the field of physical and mental health and one of the effective methods to manage these problems is treatment based on acceptance and commitment.

 The study was conducted based on a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group design. The statistical population included all women with coronary artery disease who referred to Tabriz Heart Hospital within six months in late 2019 and early 2020. After reviewing the clinical interview, women were selected to enter the study based on inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to experimental (n=15) and control group (n=15). Data were collected using the Van Korf et al. Chronic Pain Scale, the Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire, and the Rigel et al. Self-Care Scale. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS version 19.

 The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy had a statistically significant effect on chronic pain, resilience and self-care of women with coronary artery disease. Acceptance and commitment therapy reduces chronic pain and improves and increases resilience and self-care in women with coronary artery disease.

 Acceptance and commitment therapy improved resilience and self-care and reduced chronic pain in women with coronary artery disease. It is recommended that therapists and health professionals use acceptance and commitment therapy along with other educational and therapeutic methods to improve health-related characteristics.