فهرست مطالب علی صفوی

 Diabetes is one of the main problems of health systems and a global threat to public health that has increased dramatically over the past two decades. Patients with diabetes are susceptible to multiple complications, such as diabetic foot ulcers. A diabetic foot ulcer is a common diabetes complication that has shown an increasing trend over the past decades. In treating diabetic foot ulcers, using ulcers with wound treatment is one of the critical challenges for therapists. So far, the dressing that meets all the requirements for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers has not been produced, and the proper choice of sauce depends on the type and stage of the wound, the spread of the injury, the patient's condition, and the tissues involved.

 The present study was conducted using the one-blind clinical work method on 80 diabetic patients referred to the Alborz University of Medical Sciences supervised clinics; 40 patients with diabetic foot ulcers were treated and compared to algae, and 40 patients with alginate dressing. The information collected was analyzed using Chi-Square and T statistical tests.

There were no significant differences in gender, education level, marital condition, land disease, wound time, size, and secretion. In comparing the body mass index, there was no significant difference between the two groups in consequence of wound healing. The recovery percentage in the Alji Pad group was significantly better than in the alginate group. Also, the number of sessions for each patient in the Alji Pad group was considerably lower than in the alginate group. In reviewing the Push scoring process, we evaluated the fifth referral. Because in both groups, most people went to the fifth session. We used repeated measurement analysis. The results showed that the recovery process was good in the two groups (P <0.001), but the recovery in the Alji Pad group was significantly faster than in the alginate group.

 Algae Pad dressing in patients with diabetic foot ulcers is a simple and practical method that, according to the study of the cost of treatment, the duration of treatment is preferable to the conventional alginate dressing method.

Increasing the number of vehicles on the streets is called the problem of urban traffic congestion. One way to solve this problem is to control the timing of traffic lights. In this research, the model used is the green-red space model and the yellow light as a third color has been added to the modeling. To control the illuminated intersection, a fuzzy amplifier-learning controller is used, the core of which is the Fuzzy Q-Iteration algorithm. The length of each street queue is considered as a fuzzy variable. The controller generates a control signal according to the length of the queue behind the light. The output control signal is the duration of the green light on each street during a cycle. The results show that the proposed controller had a similar or better performance than the fixed time controller ratio with the vehicle waiting time criterion. At high input current rates, controller performance has improved significantly in reducing waiting times. In addition, the queue length on streets with high input flow rates is reduced because the agent tries to generate a larger control signal on high flow rates streets, which means more green time for that street. According to the proposed model, the number of cars on each street of the smart intersection does not exceed about 30 cars.

Sustainable settlement is one of the key constituents of sustainable development, and sustainable urban development can be defined in this framework. Emergence of sustainable development as a commonly-used phrase has caused several controversies about urban forms. Today’s urban form is known as a source of environmental problems. Undoubtedly, this phrase has persuaded many of researchers to search for several forms of human’s settlement forms which provide sustainable conditions and enable the environments built to play their role in a more constructive manner than the past. This article defines a general framework to reach a sustainable urban form after discussing the main constituents of sustainable urban development and its relation to urban form, and finally, determines 7 design aspects in relation to sustainable urban forms compactness, sustainable transportation, density, usage combination, variety, form of residential area, and green space.

The main purpose of this studyisinvestigated the impact of fluctuations in oil revenues and effects of tax revenues in the budget deficit simultaneously. Also in this study we has been used a multilayer neural network (MLP) as a powerful tool for the simulation of nonlinear andfluctuations behavior to simulate the impact of changes in oil and tax revenues on the budget deficit. Results showthat 13 to 26 percent increase in tax rate can improve budget deficit، in a manner that 26 percent increase in the tax rate will have the greatest improvement in the budget deficit. The budget deficit gets worse for upper than 26 percent increase in tax rate. For example 31 percent increase in tax rate can increase budget deficit in 30 percent. In other scenario we investigate that30 percent decline in oil revenues must be at best 60 percent tax rate increase to 80 percent the size of the budget deficit wills improves. This reflects theheavydependenceof budget deficit on oil revenues and the low effects of tax revenues on budget. Also in the other scenario the results show that if the oil revenue decreases 30 percent، even with a 10 percent increase in tax rate، the government deficit will increase into twice. This is due to reduced government revenues resulting from declines in oil revenues due to decreased investment and lower total production. In addition to thesefindings، the results ofthis study indicate that، the improvement in the budget deficit by growth rate increases until a threshold point. After this threshold point، the rate of improvement in the budget deficit is reduced by growth rate increases. The reason for thiscan be government expenses behavior، government spending increases withincreased in income. Assuming no changes in tax rates and oil revenues،the economic growth rate of 7. 8percent (threshold point)، budget deficit، 70 percent will improve.

The morphology of retinal photoreceptor layer was studied in continuous light-exposed and dark-adapted domestic male cats (Felis catus). The eyes of 12 healthy adult cats (4 in continuous light-exposed group, 4 in continuous dark-adapted group, and 4 in control group) were routinely fixed and studied by electron microscope. Results showed that the general structure of photoreceptor layer in this animal was the same as other species; rods were elongated and slender cells. Cone photoreceptors were shorter and stouter than rod photoreceptors. Cats exposed to continuous light for 24 hrs showed increased numbers of melanosome in retinal epithelial layer. The outer segments of rods and cones were long. Vacuoles increased the extracellular space and some condensed nuclei were observed in the inner segments. Continuous dark-adapted group showed a few melanosomes. In this group, the extracellular space, large swelling and condensed nuclei were more than those in other groups.