فهرست مطالب علی طیرانی راد

 Investigating the effective factors in the emotional adjustment of neglected and poorly supervised teenagers is necessary because of their problems; therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of spiritual health and cognitive flexibility in the emotional adjustment of poorly supervised and neglected adolescents.

 The current research is descriptive-correlational. The research community consisted of all the poorly supervised and neglected adolescents aged 13 to 18 supported by the welfare centers of Bojnord city (Helia Girls' Center and Ehsan Land Center) in the academic year 2022-2023. They were 120 and were selected using the census sampling method. They filled in Palutzin and Ellison's Spiritual Health, Dennis and Vanderwaal's Cognitive Flexibility, and Sinha and Singh's Emotional Adjustment questionnaires. Pearson correlation test and multiple regression analysis method on SPSS version 25 software were used for data analysis. In the present study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

 The results showed that the relationship of spiritual health (r=0.587) and cognitive flexibility (r=0.599) with emotional adjustment was positive and significant (P<0.01). Also, the regression results showed that spiritual health explained 33.6% and cognitive flexibility explained 37.3% of the variance in emotional adjustment.

 Strengthening the spiritual health and cognitive flexibility of poorly supervised and neglected adolescents can be effective in strengthening their emotional adaptation; The fundamental effect of spiritual health can play a very important role as one of the main sources of identity creation and identification in society, especially in a religious society like Iran.

The main purpose of this study was to identify the optimum approach to analysis of epistemic data in measuring personality traits. For this purpose, MPLUS software and lavan software package simulate different formats of response scales, and two traditional scoring approaches and Thurston's IRT method were compared in some of the most important psychometric outcomes. Overall the findings of the study indicated that the Thurstonin IRT approach performs better than the traditional scoring approach in accurately estimating actual scores, criterion validity, locating a person on the attribute continuum. Also, the research findings showed that the average correlation between estimated scores and actual scores for all three correlation coefficients (0, 0.25 and 0.50) in Thurstonian Item Response Theory is higher than the scores obtained from the classical method; True for all three correlation coefficients, in Thurstonian Item Response Theory more than classical method scores and mean experimental reliability scores for correlation coefficients 0.25 and 0.5 with classical method are higher than scores obtained by Thurstonian IRT method, but for coefficient The mean correlation of the mean scores of the Turestonian IRT method is higher than the classical scores. The findings also showed that the difference between the two tests, both Classical and Trestonium IRT, was significant for both the 48 and 96 questions, and the correlation between estimated scores and actual scores in the Thursetonium IRT method was more than the classical method.

With increasing age and the onset of old age, due to the existence of numerous deficiencies, psychological well-being is one of the important issues that may change under the influence of their spirituality and alexithymia; Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of spirituality in predicting the psychological well-being of the elderly: mediated by alexithymia.

The present study was a descriptive-correlation of structural equations. From the statistical population that included all the elderly in the elderly of Qazvin, 92 samples were selected by available sampling from eligible individuals who were willing to cooperate voluntarily. They also answered the questionnaires of Shahidi and Farajnia Spiritual Attitude Scale (2012), Bagbi et al alexithymia scale (1994) and Mood Dysfunction and Ryff short form Well-being (1989). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test and SPSS software version 22 and PLS.

The results showed the effect of spirituality on negative and significant alexithymia (p <0.01, β = -0.715), the effect of spirituality on positive and significant psychological well-being (p <0.01, β = 0.474), the effect of alexithymia on psychological well-being was negative and significant (p <0.01, β = -0.447).

The results showed that in providing counseling services to the elderly, the role of positive and protective factors such as spirituality should be considered and appropriate support should be provided to them in terms of alexithymia. To improve and promote the psychological well-being of the elderly.

The coronavirus epidemic is one of the most important human social events of the present century. Its effects have overshadowed the adaptation of all age groups. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine the role of spiritual capital and patience in predicting the level of emotional adjustment of university students .

Methods :

The p resent study was a descriptive correlational study and involved the use of regression analysis. The statistical population included all male and female students of Farhangian University of Birjand in the academic year 2021 - 2022, out of whom 242 were select ed by convenience sampling. They answered the questionnaires of spiritual capital developed by Golparvar et al., Khormaei et al.’s patience questionnaire and the psychological adjustment questionnaire by Sinha and Singh f or data analysis, mean and standard deviation and Pearson and multiple regression correlation tests were used. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests .

The results showed that the relationship between spiritual capi tal and emotional adjustment (P<0.01, r=0.598) and the relationship between patience and emotional adjustment (P<0.01, r=0.569) was positive and significant. The components of spiritual capital and patience (37.6%) predicted 35.6% and 37.6% of the variance in emotional adjustment, respectively .

The results of the present study indicate that therapists and researchers should pay more attention to the role of the components of spiritual capital and patience in students' emotional adjustment .

The outbreak of coronavirus has been one of the most widespread and worst global health crises in the last century, which has led to changes in people's lifestyles and the emergence of psychological and spiritual challenges. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of God-attachment styles and spiritual health in predicting the psychological strength of nurses during the coronation period.

In a descriptive-analytical study of correlational type, from the statistical population that includes all nurses in 9 countries (Bojnourd) working in hospitals (Imam Reza, Imam Ali and Bint Al-Hoda) in Bojnourd in July 2021 beginning of the fifth peak of Corona 100 people were selected by convenience sampling method. They answered the online questionnaire of devotion to God Rowat and Kirk Patrick (2002), the spiritual health of Palutzin and Ellison (1982) and the psychological strength of Klaf et al. (2002). Pearson correlation test, multiple regression and SPSS software version 24 were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that the correlation between safe attachment style and spiritual health with positive psychological strength and the correlation between avoidant and ambivalent-anxious attachment styles with negative psychological strength is significant (p <0.01). Also, spiritual health and attachment styles to God predict the psychological strength of nurses (p <0.01).

The results indicate the importance of paying attention to the role of psychological factors such as psychological strength in nurses in coronary crisis, so it is necessary to consider appropriate training programs to promote psychological strength by improving spiritual health and God-centered styles in nurses.

Infertility is a multifaceted problem that can cause major disorders with emotional, social, and psychological consequences, such as reduced quality of marital relationship. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of defeat sense in the quality of marital relationships among infertile women with the mediating role of spiritual experiences.

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted based on a structural equation modeling method. The statistical population included all infertile females referring to the Royesh Infertility Center, Birjand, Iran, in spring 2020. The samples (n=120) were selected using the convenience sampling method. The participants completed the questionnaires, including the Defeat Scale (Gilbert and Allen, 1998), Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (Underwood and Teresi, 2002), and the Golombok Rust Inventory of Marital State (Rust et al., 1986). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) and PLS software (version 3).

The results showed that the defeat sense had a negative and significant effect on spiritual experiences (β=-0.663; P<0.01) and a positive and significant effect on the quality of marital relationship (β=0.679; P<0.01). It was also revealed that the effect of spiritual experiences on the quality of marital relationships was negative and significant (β=-0.537; P<0.01). The indirect path between defeat sense and the quality of marital relationship was significant through the mediating role of spiritual experiences (β=0.356; P<0.01). The index of goodness of fit= 0.443 indicated the general fitness of the study model.

Based on the findings, in counseling infertile women, it is necessary to consider the role of positive and protective factors, such as spiritual experiences and appropriate support be provided in defining the defeat to improve the quality of the marital relationship among infertile women.

The structure of quality of life is considered as an analytical, political and key element in the policy-making and review of public sector policies and it is referred to as the social development index. On the other hand, economic literacy is considered as one of the effective factors in economic development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of literacy in quality of life and economic literacy of prisoners.

The present research was performed in comparative method. The statistical population included all literate and illiterate parents of Birjand Central Prison Literacy Training Complex in the first six months of 2018, 120 people from the mentioned population were selected by available sampling method. The research instruments included a standard questionnaire for the World Health Organization’s Short Quality of Life Form (2002) and a researcher-made questionnaire on economic literacy. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data by SPSS software version 19.

According to the results, out of 120 samples, 60 were illiterate (30 women and 30 men) and 60 were literate in prison (30 women and 30 men). The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of quality of life in the group of literate parents and illiterate parents were (78.10 ± 19.520 and 67.05 ± 16.898) respectively. Moreover, the mean and standard deviation of economic literacy in the group of literate parents and illiterate parents (60.97 ± 13.811 and 50.53 ± 12.883). The results also showed that there was a significant difference between the quality of life and economic literacy of literate parents and illiterate parents (P <0.004). In other words, the quality of life and economic literacy of literate parents were more literate than illiterate parents.

The research findings showed that there is a relationship between the level of literacy and the quality of life and economic literacy. Therefore, the results of the research require more attention from education officials and literacy officials.

Despite the advancement of health science and its expansion, the number of elderlies is increasing annually throughout the world, highlighting the necessity of paying attention to the issue of increasing the psychological well-being of senior citizens. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the role of emotion regulation and spirituality in predicting the psychological well-being of the elderlies.

This descriptive-correlational study was performed on the elderlies living in the nursing homes in Qazvin, Iran, in the summer of 2020. The samples (n=92) were selected using the Krejcie and Morgan Table and availability sampling method. The questionnaires that were used as the tools of this research included the Emotion Regulation Scale, Spiritual Attitude Scale, and short-form of Psychological Well-being Scale. The collected data were analyzed in the SPSS software (version 24) using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression test. In this study, the significance level was considered 0.05.

The results showed psychological well-being had a direct and significant relationship with emotion regulation (r=0.572) and its components, namely reappraisal (r=0.506) and suppression (r=0.417; P<0.01). Moreover, psychological well-being showed a direct and significant relationship with spirituality (r=0.425) and its components, including spiritual attitude (r=0.317) and spiritual ability (r=0.341; P<0.01). Based on the findings of the standardized regression coefficient (Beta), the components of emotion regulation, including reappraisal (β=0.434; P<0.01) and suppression (β=0.255; P<0.01), and those of spirituality, namely spiritual attitude (Β=0.198; P<0.05) and spiritual ability (β=0.215; P<0.05), could positively predict the psychological well-being of the senior citizens.

According to the results of this study, the improvement of the characteristics of emotion regulation and provision of the grounds for the spirituality of the elderlies can boost the psychological well-being of the elderlies.

Mindfulness is a technique that is used to reduce stress and promote psychological well-being. The present study was conducted to determine the Effectiveness of training the mindfulness skills on professional stress and psychological well-being of female teachers in Qazvin.
This study is a semi-experimental one with pretest-posttest and a control group, which its population consisted of all female high school teachers in city of Qazvin. The sample size was 30 individuals that were selected by voluntarily sampling method. Osipow’s Professional Stress Questionnaire and Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Questionnaire (short form) were used as the instruments of measurement. At first, all 30 participants completed the questionnaires (pre-test). Then the participants were divided into experimental and control groups (15 individuals in each group). The experimental group received 8 sessions of training mindfulness skills, but the control group did not receive any training and was on the waiting list. Next, both groups completed the questionnaires (post-test).
The mean score of pre-test in professional stress in experimental group was 27.34±133.93 and in control group was 22.55±127.33, and the mean score of post-test in experimental group was 19.73±100.86 and in control group was 17.86±128.46). The mean score of pre-test in psychological well-being in experimental group was 7.46±88.06, and in control group was 11.02±85.86 and the mean score of post-test in psychological well-being in experimental group was 5.15±97.13 and in control group was 9.17±85.60. The results of analysis of covariance showed that professional stress of teachers in the experimental group compared to control group after the intervention has significantly reduced, and the components of professional stress and psychological well-being increased in the experimental group compared to those of the control group (P Training the mindfulness skills was effective in reducing professional stress and enhancing psychological well-being of female teachers in Qazvin. Therefore, we can take steps to increase psychological well-being and reduce teacher's professional stress by holding the mindfulness skill training through in-service trainings.

This study deals with the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy, response prevention and exposure and medicinal treatments on OCD using a meta-analysis and by means of drawing a comparison between such techniques and OCD treatment. The structured review method was adopted for the purpose of selecting the required surveys; therefore, 28 surveys, including master's degree and doctoral theses and local and foreign papers and articles drawing upon the foregoing methods in OCD treatment, were selected as the research sample. The important factor in determining suitability of the studies and surveys was the statistical methods employed for their data analyses. In order to compute effect sizes, the standard difference between means was used. According to the ensuing results, CBT has an effect size of 1.611. Moreover, effect sizes of response prevention and exposure techniques and medicinal treatments were put at 1.59 and 0.617 respectively, suggesting effectiveness of the foregoing treatments. A comparison of efficiency of such therapies and treatments demonstrated, on the other hand, that CBT has the highest level of effect in OCD treatment. Furthermore, medicinal care is less effective than psychological therapies and treatments.

This study is mainly aimed at investigating the psychometric properties of OCI-R inventory (questionnaire) among 320 students at Allamma Tabatabayi University. All students were non-clinical samples. Previous studies indicated that OCI-R is a useful tool in assessing the obsessive- compulsive symptoms both in clinical and non- clinical samples. Descriptive analysis of the inventory showed that the average scale for Iranian students were similar to that of foreign students. The final examination of the inventory according to internal reliability by Cronbach Alfa showed that the inventory had an acceptable internal reliability and Alfa coefficient for all subscales were high, except for neutralization subscale coefficient of internal reliability which was in middle point. Another important finding was the acceptable convergent and divergent validity of the OCI-R. The confirmatory factor analysis to investigate the given 6-parameter structure according to Foa et al (2002) led to a 6-parameter model with acceptable برازش Indicators. The main factors of the inventory were hoarding, checking, neutralizing, washing, obsessing and ordering.