علی فرامرزی گوهر

Despite progress in health, human lice are still considered as a health problem. Lice could transmit different diseases to human such as epidemic relapsing fever, epidemic typhus and trench fever. The aim of this study was to determine the major factors on pediculosis capitis in students of Pakdasht county in autumn of 2013.
This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytic study. Among all students, after investigating in terms of pediculosis, 678 infested individuals were selected. The extracted data were analyzed by using SPSS version 20 software and Chi-square test.
From total number of 53732 students in different school grades, 556 females (82%) and 122 males (18%) were found to be infested by head lice. A significant relationship was recognized between the rate of infestation and students’ gender (P The results illustrate that head lice infestation, as a major problem, is related to some factors including economic conditions and poor education. To find strategies for this issue, regarding its cultural, economical and social aspects, cooperation of different organs like ministries of education and health and also students and their parents is clearly required.

Humic Acid (HA) is one of the polyelectrolyte compounds which cause many problems in water treatment process. In present study, UV/IO4- as a novel advance oxidation process, was used for removing HA. In present research, a batch reactor in lab scale was used.This reactor with useful volume of 2.5 L, made of stainless steel, which equipped with a low pressure Hg vapor lamp. In this study the effect of some parameters including pH, initial HA concentration, IO4- concentration and Fe (0) nanoparticles concentration were investigated. HA concentration was determined using Spectrophotometer at an absorbance wavelength of 254 nm. According to the results, pH 3, periodate concentration 125 mg/L and Fe (0) Nano particles 12.5 mg/L were determined as optimum conditions. Moreover, results indicated that in presence of UV coupled with Periodate removal efficiency of HA increased to 66.08%, and the increase of Fe (0) Nano particles can led to increase HA removal (73.3%). Results show thatthe presence of UV letto increase in the activation of periodate, on the other hands, the presence of Fe (0) Nano particles led to further activation of periodate subsequently cause the increasing HA removal.

Unwanted pregnancy is a global health issue which impacts the families and societies, negatively. Women with unwanted pregnancy due to unpleasant sensations during pregnancy, are at the risk of hypertension, abortion, preterm birth and low birth weight. The current study was aimed to survey unwanted pregnancy rate and related causes in pregnant women in Kerman, 2013. A cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was randomly carried out on 231 pregnant women referring to the Afzalipour Maternity Center of Kerman in 2013. Information was collected by individual interviews, using a confirmed researcher-made questionnaire with reliability of 0.81 and validity coefficient. Data analysis was done by descriptive indices and chi-square test, using SPSS-17 software. In current study 30.3% unwanted pregnancy was reported. The probability of having unwanted pregnancy was significantly increased with increasing mother’s age, (P=0.001) and decreased with increasing level of mother’s education (P=0.02). The chance of unwanted pregnancy in families with more children was higher (P=0.0001). There was significant relation between unwanted pregnancy and the husband’s age (P=0.02) and job (P=0.02). Also significant relationship was seen between unplanned pregnancy and contraceptive method (P=0.04). The level of knowledge in unwanted pregnancy group was less than wanted pregnancy group and it was statistically significant, too (P=0.002). The health care centers were the main source of getting contraceptive information. The results of this study state that there is an inverse relationship between unwanted pregnancy and number of children, low level of women’s education and higher age of mother. Thus, these factors should be considered more precisely in consulting for choosing the contraceptive methods.