فهرست مطالب علی کریمی فیروزجایی

This article examines the observance of the linguistic rights of children of the linguistic minority and native speakers through legal linguistics, which is in accordance with international treaties and has been able to play a fair role in this field.

The research method used in it is correlation type, which explains the relationship between language rights in accordance with the international treaties regarding the importance of language and its rights, which have been mentioned in various historical periods so far. The collection of information is only through library studies and valid internet bases, which can only be obtained by studying and researching the available sources, and the collection tool is the research sheet.

The results of this article indicate that in mass media and in different countries, in addition to the first language, the second language should be removed from the language of linguistic minorities and native children so that the extinction of their language does not disappear in terms of value and in the area It should be used correctly.

The current conclusion is that according to Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the child must have social freedom in using his minority and native language so that he can express his opinions correctly and with the right to speak in the courts. He should fulfill himself and fulfill the rights of the child in this field. In the end, judicial linguistics can help the child in preserving and protecting the language rights of the majority and even the minority until the right is realized and the best is achieved

This study investigates the speakers’attitudes and their language security considering ethnic identities towards the framework of the lectal variation theory. A researcher-constructed survey questionnaire and interview were used in this study. Linguistic data were collected from 314 participants selected semi-randomly from among the language community of immigrants living in Tehran with ten different varieties of Iranian languages. The Likert scale was used to measure the questionnaire items. Cronbach’s alpha was used to measure the reliability. Besides, the Chi-square test was used to receive statistical results. In terms of language attitudes, speakers of languages have the sense of proud, sincerity, belonging, sense of being more melodious and real identity, however the speakers of dialects have the sense of proud toward standard variety of Iranian language. In terms of language security, Laki’s speakers shows the most and Mazandarani’s speakers shows the least measure in the home environment and out of home environment. In terms of language identity, in languages, Laki’s speakers and in dialects, Hamedani’s speakers demonstrated the most sense of language identity toward their non-standard varieties of Iranian languages.

This study investigates the social status of the varieties of Iranian languages and dialects towards the perspective of the hidden cognitive realities of real language use within the framework of the lectal variation theory. Using this usage-based theory, researchers have explored the language speakers’ desire and tendency towards different language varieties considering the independent social variables of financial level of living and occupation. A researcher-constructed survey questionnaire and interview were used in this study. Linguistic data were collected from a total of 314 participants selected semi-randomly among the language community of immigrants living in Tehran, with Turkish, Laki, Kurdish, Baluchi and Mazandarani languages as well as Mashhadi, Lori, Hamedani, Isfahani and Yazdi dialects. The Likert scale, Cronbach’s alpha, the Chi-square test, the P-value and one-dimensional student’s t-test were used in this study. According to the results, the use of non-standard varieties is more common among retired employees. Economically the lower strata have the highest use of non-standard varieties. 83.54 percent of the speakers of language varieties in Tehran prefer to use the standard language variety in daily conversation in the society. Considering the migration variable, using non-standard language varieties of first-generation immigrants is more common than the second-generation immigrants.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of the social variables of age, gender and education of lawyers on the verbal interactions of judges with them in legal events in the framework of forensic sociolinguistics. The statistical population of the research includes lawyers in Mashhad, Iran, and the sample selection method is purposeful sampling until the saturation of information is reached. The research approach is qualitative research, its analysis method is thematic analysis and its tool is semi-structured interview. The subject of the research is to investigate the verbal interactions of judges with lawyers in legal events, such as hearings, interrogations, investigations and trials, in Mashhad, in 1401. For this purpose, the contents and themes of the interviews were coded in three stages. In an interview with 24 volunteers from available lawyers, it was found that superior and subordinate relationships prevail in legal events, and many judges exercise power through language. The results of the research show that the age, gender and education of lawyers have an effect on the way the judge speaks to them, answers and even issues a verdict. Gender has been of special importance and gender stereotypes are very prominent in this field. One of the important issues expressed by the lawyers in the interviews was the importance of the personality of the judge and the personality of the lawyer in the verbal interactions of the judges with the lawyers, which indicates that the personality of the people themselves is much more important and influential than their age, gender and education. In addition, increasing age is also an important variable, and many lawyers stated that the behavior of appeal judges is usually better because they are older, and lawyers also act more mature with increasing age. After all, in general, judges deal better with older lawyers both in tone and type of speech.

This paper is a research semio-semantic representation of Iran's tourism destinations and is an attempt to decipher how advertising methods challenge their competitors using semiotic analysis. For this purpose, five Iranian tourism advertising videos were examined based on the principles of semio-semantics. The main purpose of this paper was to answer a single question: How are tourism destinations displayed in Iran? The analysis showed that tourism promotional videos focus on a kind of Orientalism itself. This focus is somewhat indicative of the institutional perspective that has permeated Iranian tourism advertising materials. This view paints a picture of Iran, as an Eastern Muslim country, and is inconsistent with the tourism strategies of the coming decades. This type of advertising creates problems in several areas when trying to promote the country. Based on the analysis provided, suggestions for future advertising trends are provided.

The way of arranging proverbs in dictionaries has been one of themost important problems for lexicographers and paremiographers. Therefore in this study, based on cognitive semantic approach,the way of arranging proverbs in dictionaries was considered. The purpose of the current study is to organize proverbs in dictionaries in anew, non-linear and non-alphabetical way and according to a scientific and theory-based approach.Toachievethepurposeofthestudy, the following research question was proposed: How to use a way other than the usual alphabetical and linear way based on which proverbs are presented in dictionaries? To do this, based on descriptive-analytical method and cognitive semantics approach and its mechanisms, such as conceptual metaphor, conceptual metonymy and conventional knowledge, the authors have examined the data extracted from The great two-volume Dictionary of Persian Proverbs (Zolfaghari, 2009),The famous Proverbs of Iran (Soheili, 2005) and internet resources. The results indicated that according to semantic motivation and the concepts of target domains of the proverbs,a non-linear and non-alphabetical way can be proposed for arranging proverbs and their equivalents in order to reflectthe conceptual structures of mind and language and to help language learners to learn and remember them easily.

Persuasive process is an important and open topic in discourse sign-Semiotics. The article tries to analyze type and frequency of persuasive factors in narrative discourses of Azerbaijan Folklore Narratives based on sign-Semioticsapproach and inductive method. The selected narratives are Mahi Siyahe Koochooloo (The Little Red Fish), Kachal Mam Siyah (The Bald Mamsiah), Koroghloo, 24 saat khab o bidari (24 Hours of Sleep and Wake), and Yek Holoo Hezar Holoo (One Peach, One Thousand Peaches) narratives. In these narratives persuasive factors like reasoning, planning, building trust, caution, promise, etc. are used considering the situation and the addressee. From 145 persuasive processes and 24 types of persuasive factors, caution, threat, incitement, reasoning, promise, and rodomontade have the highest frequencies. 1/4 of persuasive factors belong to caution and threat but the rate of success in these two factors is not the same. Bribery, hesitation, compliment, flattery, curse, emphasis and playing to be oppressed were just in one case. The analysis showed that the exhort and frightening of doing outcomes is the dominant style in Azerbaijan Folklore Narratives. There is the highest percentage of persuasion failure in Mahi Siyahe Koochooloo narrative because of the insistence of the doer on the realization of his goal. There is the highest level of persuasion success in Kachal Mam Siyah and Koroghloo because of the power relationship.

Content analysis of textbooks, with the semantic semantics model approach of discourse, is a suitable way to understand how to select and use stories and narratives in each level of education to acquaint children with discourse systems in life.The purpose of this study is to use Paul Ricoeur model in analyzing the narrative identity of book stories in the fourth and fifth grades of elementary school in Iran in 1998-99 and to explain the types of discourse systems so that among the stories in the fourth and fifth grade textbooks, 2 stories Both samples were selected by purposive sampling method.The research method in the present study is descriptive-analytical. The main questions of the present study are: 1- The emotional process in stories is a function of which functions and features of the semantic sign of discourse? 2- How is the emotional and moral impact as well as the belief in another formed?In these stories, it is the individual identity that, according to the preservation of national identity, values and patriotism, based on the author's discourse systems, directs the character of the stories towards Shush altruism, patriotism and individual identity. In order to preserve the national identity, one culture remains in itself and does not become another cultural. The process of nostalgia in this story changes during two stages from the crisis of tension to the aesthetic system.

The current research aims at studying a frequent phonological process. A sort of vowel-consonant harmony which acts when the vowel /ɑ/ followed by a nasal consonant. The process sometimes does not act in many Persian words. This article deals with the Persian words, having the required phonological circumstances, but Persian speakers do not raise their vowels. Many university students look for the reasons and it needs a more detailed study. The research method is a survey, qualitative content analysis and the data included in 110 words gathered by purposive sampling to make a questionnaire. The interviewees include 150 speakers who are fluent in Persian. The vowel raising of /ɑ/ before nasals stops in accordance with the historical documents and in newer words. The findings show that even in older words, the process does not act because of: 1. The required phonological arrangement stands in two morphemes, 2. In loanwords, 3. In proper nouns, 4. When another phonological process bleeds or put a falling vowel adjacent to a nasal. 5. In open class words of the new domains like teaching and technology.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of computer-mediated instruction (CMI) on conversation skills of low-functioning autistic students studying at seventh grade in pre-secondary education in comparison to textbook instruction (TI).

This study was a mixed-method study with a single subject design. The study population was selected from specific schools for autistic students with higher levels of teachability during academic year 1400-1401. Among them, six students were selected through purposive sampling. To select the homogeneous students, the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (2004), Second Edition (KABC-II) was used. These students were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. Each student in experimental group distinctly received four sessions of CMI. Students in control group similarly passed through the phases of the study using TI.

Results demonstrated significant increases in the variables: sentence imitation, diagnosis of characters’ roles and diagnosis of setting in experimental in comparison to control group. The follow-up posttest results showed the permanency of this effect. Qualitative analysis of the parents’ responses to interview questions revealed the effectiveness of CMI on increasing motivation in students’ participation in English conversations.

Considering the deficits of autistic students in conversation skills as a social communication and the positive effects of CMI in this study on their English conversation skills and their motivation in engagement in conversations, the implication of the CMI may be recommended for teaching EFL conversation skills to autistic students.

One of the main problems of second language learners is learning grammar. In this research, We have tried to facilitate learning Persian grammar for Italian learners learning Persian by using the achievements of linguistics typology. For this purpose, similarities and differences between Persian and Italian are determined using typological word order. For the next step, without pointing out typological similarities and differences of Persian and Italian, the grammatical points were taught to the participants and then they were tested (pre-test).the test was in three parts. In the first part, sentences were presented in Italian and the participants were asked to choose the correct equivalent among four choices. In the second part, the participants were asked to translate Italian sentences into Persian. In the third part of the test, the participants were asked to translate a designed Italian text into Persian. Finally, after a certain period of time, the grammatical points were taught to the participants considering typological differences and similarities between Persian and Italian. Finally, the test (post-test) was performed. Data analysis showed that the participants' mean scores in the post-test were higher than their mean scores in the pre-test. In addition, the analysis of inferential statistic shows that the difference is considerable which means that the independent variable, awareness of typological features of Persian and Italian, has an impact on dependent variable which is participants’ scores. Therefore, being aware of these features (similarities and differences) could help the Italian language learners to get a better score.

In accordance to the necessity of selecting efficient language learning strategies and methods for teaching English to Persian-speakers, in this research, Langacker’s cognitive grammar theory has been used as a creative method in teaching. The present study aims to evaluate the creative usage of cognitive grammar in education, which simplifies the process, provides better learning, and develops creativity and linguistic capabilities. For this purpose, the following questions were addressed: 1. After passing the "creative course of the learning style of describing a word in a sentence” what is the increase in the number of words used by the control and test groups through the "specificity" attribute in meaningful contextual texture? 2. How can we use the "syntagmatic combinations" attribute to facilitate the teaching of "complex linguistic units" construction in the sentences? In this regard, after creative training with a cognitive approach, 46 Farsi speakers were described qualitatively and quantitatively by using SPSS software. As a result, by using the creative courses of learning style and describing the word using Langacker’s cognitive grammar, learners were able to create linguistic well-form sentences. After completing the creative course of the learning style of describing a word in a sentence, the test group could expand 98% of the words from the total number of textbook words and include them in their texts. On the other hand, the control group managed to combine and collocate 44% of the total words without passing the creative course. The quasi-cognitive charts are used to simplify the education process.

The discourse analysis of semiotic process is as a suitable tool for the analysis of the word, Exploring abstract data generates meaning in the deep structure of each text. And it seeks to "discover the meaning where the foundations of the interrelated and closely intertwined signs are formed. This article attempts to answer these questions based on the discourse semantics framework.1. What are the most important discourse systems in Iranian and Japanese elementary school textbooks? 2. What are the identity elements of the two countries stories? 3. From the perspective of cultural semiotics, how is the representation of the culture of "self" and "other" in the stories of Iran and Japan elementary schools? The research method is descriptive-analytical and the research method is content analysis. And the method of doing research is a discursive semantics. The results of this study show that the discourse systems in Iran's book stories are stative model. But the discourse systems of Japanese language stories were more actional regim. The characters in Japanese stories have hybrid identity. But Iranian stories have individual identities. The quality of the interaction between the “self” and the “other” is assessed in two themes of orientation and repetition. In the stories we read, the elementary school was centered on orientation .But in Japanese stories, there is a mutual interaction between the center and the periphery

The purpose of the semiotics of discourse approach is to achieve meaning through communicating between semantic and differentiating units at the macro level. This article examines how meaning produced and received in "Wuthering Heights". Discourse systems are either action-based or state-based, respectively, which are the generators of cognitive and emotional discourse systems, respectively. In this novel, the dominant discourse system is cognitive because the action is more sensible than state. Heathcliff and Catherine (two main characters) create the dominant love state and the main revenge action. Heathcliff, the main actant, gains the necessary mental, physical and financial competences and performs the action with a predetermined program. The actant reaches the evaluation and value stage by going through the qualifying, main and glorifying test. The value presented to these two characters is not financial, but a transcendent value in the name of love. Although, there are other discourse systems in the novel; emotional discourse system, different emotional states appear in several stages of the novel and Incidental discourse system: the presence of opposing systems such as birth and death is justified with no discourse except Incidental discourse system.

The body of the present study includes the study of semiotics and the analysis of the systems of action of the book "This dog wants to take Roxana" by Qassem Kashkoli. At first, the existing discourse systems will be examined and in the next stage, these discourse systems will be examined interdisciplinary to examine its main features, including action .Then, these characteristics are examined in the form of narrative processes specific to this author and it will be determined what is the place of action and cognition in relation to transcendental functions. So our main issue in this article is to see how the action anchors are destroyed one after the other, giving way to turbulent and indeterminate rays. In fact, the main purpose of this article is how delaying action, mechanization of time, rupture in the connection of action elements cause the destruction of semantic anchors and lead to semantic turbulence. In fact, each of the characteristics of action and eloquence and multiple dimensions of the study of discourse systems in the context of the sign-semantics approach of discourse in this work is somewhat evident. So the key is to see how the action anchors are destroyed one after the other, giving way to turbulent, indeterminate glass. Also, how action suspension, time mechanization, rupture in the connection of action elements, and sudden displacement of narrative elements cause the destruction of semantic anchors and semantic turbulence. Then based on what pattern the semantic-sign process is developed to lead to the production of volatile meanings. In fact, the present article tries to answer these questions: 1- What factors cause the destruction of semantic anchors in the studied work? 2. What are the most important aspects of the representation of discourse in " this dog wants to take, Roxana" and how do these aspects lead us to a fluid and post-discourse

One of the stages of recognizing the intellectual, cultural and emotional characteristics of nations possessing culture and literature is the adjustment of their literary works. Semiotic approach reaches meaning through the literary text, and in this process, regimes of discourse as the main elements of discourse shape the narrative and change from one status to another. This study analyzes Savab ya Gonah by Jamalzadeh and The Corn Planting by Anderson ;the  Iranian and American writers in the framework of Greimas’s semiotic model.It also explicates the types discursive regime.The main question of this research is how the narrative process of signification is formed and what are the most important discourse systems involved in meaning production? The results showed that both authors have used a variety of narrative discourse systems in their story, but the discourse systems of action and State have been the dominant regimes in the narrative formation so that the narrative with State pattern has turned to action and again to the State with aesthetic and mythical type and we are confronted with the process of forming high spiritual values, and the characters in the story make their mythical presence visible to the audience. But what leads to the difference between the themes of both stories is the attitude of the actors and the value worldview in both cultures. In the story of Savab ya Gonah, the main actor in the form of religious codes of retribution and reconciliation with death is elevated to the status of myths. On the other hand, in “The Corn Planting” story, the main actors, in the form of Eco-Semiotic codes, linked the death of the child at the end of the narrative by turning to nature and attaining mythical status.

Logos consists of text and visual codes designed to create organizational identity,In other word logos are symbols to represent something else, Logos are written or visual signs, Each sport Federation has its own specific beside its own audience. Stabilizing and promoting this position, maintaining the current active population and fans and expanding the influence and attraction of the audience of that sport requires a logo to transmit hidden meaning and message in The shortest time to make the greatest effect on the viewer. of course, it should be noted that in this comparative study, it was found that some of the logos of our national federations do not have this feature and it is necessary to strengthen this communication channel, or in other words and use of it as a bridge between the official institution of the federation and The social context to provide relations so they should be changed this regard.

 With the emergence of electronic dictionaries and due to the inadequacies of existing Persian dictionaries, a scientific and theory-based approach is required in lexicography. One of the most important problems in lexicography, is the way of arranging idioms and idiomatic expressions. The purpose of the current study is to organize idioms and idiomatic expressions in dictionaries in a non-linear way. To achieve the purpose of the study, the following research question was proposed: How to use a way other than the usual alphabetical and linear way based on which idioms and idiomatic expressions are presented in dictionaries? To do this, based on descriptive-analytical method and cognitive semantics approach and its concepts, such as conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy, as well as conventional knowledge, the authors have examined the data extracted from Sokhan (Anvary, 1382) two-volume Persian dictionary. The results indicated that by presenting metaphoric and metonymic boxes in dictionaries, and based on the conventional knowledge of the language speakers, a non-linear way can be proposed for arranging idioms and their equivalents. But not all idioms could be analyzed based on conceptual metaphor, conceptual metonymy and conventional knowledge, because some idioms were made through the non-figurative part of the language and could be analyzed accordingly.

 The study investigates the phenomenon of globalization and its relevance to changing the first names of university students to see the tendency of new identity in both sexes and to identify the motivations of changing according to socio-onomastic approach. The method is descriptive - analytic and the second name was examined by 459 of university students in Tehran. The findings indicated that among those who changed their names were 22.5 % of the boys and 77.5 % of the girls . The male students are more likely to belong to the national identity and female students to the transnational identity . The male students have often changed their names from ancient religious names to a new one or a national identity but Female students have changed their religious and national names to transnational identity and it shows significant differences. And also Among the motivations stated among the male and girl students respectively , personal interest ( intrinsic motivation ) and promotion of prestige ( external motivation ) was the most important factor. This study showed that sociolinguistics and especially socio-onomastic is capable of observing social transformations including identity changes and is able to reach to the answer of both linguists and sociologists questions. Identity transformation and Changing the Person’s Name; Observing Social Changes in the Field of Social Onomastics ABSTRACT This study investigates the phenomenon of globalization and its relevance to changing the names of university students to see the tendency of new identity in both sexes and to identify the motivations of changing the names according to the field of onomastics. The population of the study is the students of the university of tehran .The research is quantitative survey with descriptive approach and the method done for choosing the universities of Tehran was purposive and for university students was convenience sampling. Among the 1609 questionnaire gathered from university students, it is shown that the second name was choosen by 459 of them. The findings indicated that among those who changed their names were 22.5 % of the boys and 77.5 % of the girls. The results showed that there is a tendency for national identity in boys and transnational identity in girl students . There is also a shift in the name from the old religious names to the new one as well as to the national identity of the boys , while on the other hand, female students tended to shift from national and religious to transnational one. For the motivations stated among the male and girl students respectively , personal interest and also to have Iranian names ( intrinsinc and extrinsic motivation ) and promotion of prestige, then beutifulness ( intrinsic motivation ) was the most important factor.

Abstract
Each translator chooses on the basis of vocabulary substitution, as well as on the coherence of the grammatical structure, taking into account the intentions of the source text and the cultural considerations of the target language. Since there is risk of interpolation threats, the author’s intention in the process of title’s translation, semantic approach is chosen for its analysis in this study. Taking into consideration the semiotic definition of "translation" as an intercultural and intertextual relationship, the purpose of the present study with a descriptive analysis method is to show that: In the translation of "The Prophet's" title – Gibran Khalil Gibran’s work, translated by Elahi Qomshei- the cultures of the source language and the target language play a role under the control of discursive terms, based on two converging and diverging semantic systems. Since the function of the converging semantic system is to preserve the cultural morph of the source text, and the function of the divergent semantic system is to create intercultural anomalies. Furthermore, in this research we speak about positive or negative interaction between the two converging and diverging semantic systems about cultural elements, in the translation of "The Prophet's" title within the framework of a discursive value system.
Keywords: Discourse semantics, Title of seasons translation, The Prophet, Convergent, Divergent.
 

Translators may face with difficulties in transferring intertextuality. Intertextuality arises from culture, so it is considered as a socio-cultural element that requires a suitable degree of proficiency about original language culture in order to grasp the meaning implied by the writer in the source text. The problem is that, the translator must take into contact with the precise translation of the intertextual elements and background information about intertextual items in original text in order to consider the meaning implied behind them. Intertextual and cultural items are, where the translation and semiotics have very relative contact with each other, and therefore, for the analysis of the process of title's transfer, semiotic approach has been chosen in this paper.
 

Translation between two languages itself has two aspects; that consist of verbal and textual transferring. In this study we just correspond to textual translation or interlingual one. The distinctive point of this research with other relevant researches on the translation of "Prophet" is concerned with the attention of the intercultural view on this interlingual translation of Qomshei. Cross-cultural elements or semiotics signs that are there in the titles translation of prophet is the base of discussion in this paper. On the one hand, the unrelenting interest of researchers in studying the qualitative process of title translation, and on the other hand, the need for translators to take into account cultural differences to justify the practicality of their translations, completely justify the necessity of this research.
 
Discussion of Results and

The implied procedures of semiotics as directed by Paris school members such as Greimas and post Gremasian theorists in semiotics, contemplates discourse as a field in which the importance of a text is situated on sequence and presupposed correlation of two linguistic steps called units of expression and content based attitude to theory of language, while semiology according to its fundamental definitions relies on signifier and signified series that regards minimal sections without taking into consideration order relationships or signification transformation process of discourse. Taking into consideration the semiotic definition of "translation" as an intercultural and inter-textual relationship, another important note to point here is to understand the basic distinction which underlies these approaches. Semiotics of discourse takes advantage of signs in order for them to be in the process of semiosis, change and expansion. In this paper the translation of "The Prophet's" title – Gibran Khalil Gibran’s work, translated by Elahi Qomshei- the cultures of the source language and the target language play a role, under the control of discursive terms, based on two converging and diverging semantic systems. Diverging mode is numerously used in translation of titles, but it has three different categories by itself. They are reduction, omission and addition.

Each translator directs his/her translation choices based on vocabulary substitution and coherence of grammatical structures and by taking into account what intentions the source text holds and the importance of the target culture. Given the fact that the translator is under the influence of an interpolation space between source and target languages, the semantic approach was employed to analyze the process of meaning transfer. Given the semiotic definition of translation, which is understood as an intercultural and intertextual relationship, the purpose of the present study is to show that in the translation of The Prophet, the work by Gibran Khalil Gibran’s work, which was translated by Hossein Elahi Qomshei, the culture of both source and target languages play a role, following two converging and diverging semantic systems. The function of the converging semantic system is to preserve the cultural morph of the source text, and the function of the divergent semantic system is to create intercultural anomalies. The question is, however, how cultural elements could facilitate the transfer of meaning within the framework of a discursive value in the abovementioned translation. The novelty of this study lies on the fact that it studied the cross-cultural elements in this translation from the perspective of the semantic sign.

Mass media pave the way for expressing social affairs and people’s lives at the national and international levels. As a powerful and influential tool, Cinema plays a significant role in attracting audiences to express social issues. Using Fairclaough model for critical discourse analysis and descriptive and qualitative method, this research investigates one of the branches of sociolinguistics, namely, the impact of the gender on the representation of social issues in Rag-e-Khab. The population of this study is Iranian cinema movies, and Rage-e-Khab, selected through a purposive sampling method, was analyzed for the purpose of this study. The main questions are: How does the movie Rage-e-Khab represent gender? How are the men and women represented in the film's story? The findings of this study show that the female character of the story owes her luck to the presence of a man whom she does not know very well, and builds a world with her emotional and fragile beliefs stemming from her mistaken view of life. The man's character in the story betrays the woman and abuses her fragile psychological conditions after separation, and ultimately destroys the love in the woman, yet he remains in the life of the woman in the story. This woman represents a part of those in society who grew up unknowingly disregarding their surroundings and neglected the advice of the father, which was portrayed in the film as the society. As a result, women confronted with the bitter truth of deception and, ultimately, this internal collapse recreates them and makes them meaningful.

From the View Point of Semiotics of Discourse, language productions are related to a complicated process in which some semiotic elements interfere. Contrary to structuralism methods that language productions are regarded as outside objects, some kind of discourse presence is important in this approach. Dynamicity of this presence leads to discourse orientation, relations expansion and interaction between convergent and divergent forces. This research studies personification which is giving human characteristic to non-human being, as a discourse process and analyzes the narrative structure of the folktales, “ShahBezen” and processes of meaning creation and personification elements. In this story besides enunciation of non-human actor, there are some states such as ShahBezen,s kindness to her kids, her decision to build a firm and safe home, sympathy of carpenter and Salow towards ShahBezen and her vengeance to wolf; these are human feelings and emotions attributed to non-human being in personification process. Findings of this research show that personification process makes a maximal and minimal bipolarity at the impression of meaning cycle and in making this process, some elements such as occurrence, incarnation, pressing and expanding systems and interruption are important.

Stories reflect the intellectual and cultural foundations of society and the discovering the infrastructural elements and underlying layers of story, with the aim of representing social specifications of each nation. This research tries to apply semiotic approach and pattern of Greimas actors in analyzing Tajiki children and adolescences stories and find out the covert cultural and social underlying in this stories and its relation with basics and general frameworks of culture and education in the given country. For this purpose, 5 stories from 100 Tajik children and adolescences story books as targeted sampling have been chosen. Mohammadi and Abbasi (1380) in their study" Samad: the structure of a myth" proved the applicability of the theory in the stories by studying eight stories by Samad Behrangi according to the Greimas actors, model and providing the plots. Shairi (1381) in the book basics of modern semantics introduces various chains to account for surface structure of discourse and uses these chains in the analysis of the narration. He also by translating books such as D l imperfection and writing various articles from the point of view of the structuralism semanticians in semeiotics analysis of the discourse to liquid semiotics in books in this field tries to introduce theoretical frameworks of narrative analysis. Rahman and Karimi Ghare Baba (1387) in the article "Narratology of Short Stories of Mohammad Ali JamalZade" concluded that short stories of Jamalzade are formed in the boundary of tradition and modernism. Although Jamalzade later in1 his career was no longer an innovator and became a routine writer. Pashaii (1388) in a research "Meta-story, the Language of Thought Stimulation in Iranian Children’s Literature: a Study of Three Works by Hassan Farhad" came to this conclusion that meta-story literature by special techniques in composing the story such as inter-textuality, creating conversation among children, writer and fictional characters and funny imitation, far better than realist literature is able to motivate child thought. Hoseinzade Khozani(1389) in a research " Structural Criticism of 20 Adolescent Short Stories" tried to introduce some famous writers of children’s literature and study their works by analyzing four main elements of stories , plot, characters, sign and narrative dimensions to discover and give accounts of them. Kiani et al (1391) in a research "Theory of Reader Covert in Children’s Literature, A Case Study of the Works of Lina Kiani" Concluded that the writer’s style in short stories is better than long stories and in longer stories better than the collections. The language, scientific and literal levels of the reader improve from story collections and not from long stories or novels. On this ground, we can assume that children are the addressee of the collection of tales and short stories, while adolescents may be the addressee of long stories and novels. Nabiloo (1392) in a research "A Structural Narrative Study of Children’s Stories "and Roghayye Hemmati (1396) in the article" A Structural Study of Fairy Tales for Children" deals with narrative analysis of children's stories and tries to show the dimensions of these stories, indices and content messages of them (even with using meta-human/fairy indices) and finds that Iranian children’s stories have fixed narrative plot and patterns and organized narrative structure. The findings of this research show that these stories in the underlying layers try to infuse addressee to approach some notions and messages and distance the addressee from some ideas: The story of the "Brave Girl" suggests the addressee that by correct advice and self-esteem, girls like boys have this ability to play their roles in the family and society. The story of "Stork" seeks to transfer the feeling of the help to the oppressed and regain the right of the oppressed. The story of "Devil-fighting Iraj" implicates the idea that the state of the oppressor does not last for a long time and the next generations with stronger motivation will take revenge. The story of "Devil-binding Ahmad" encourages the reader to welcome and accept any accident as having good reasons and finally, the endurance of the story of "Soghdi Narration" and willingness of her love force conveys the addressee the feelings that one can reach one’s goals by practice.