علیرضا جلیلوند

Although a significant number of Covid-19 patients tend to be hospitalized, few studies have explored the factors related to the hospitalization of these patients. This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the hospitalization and duration of hospitalization of the patients with Covid-19 in Shohada Imam Hossein Hospital in Tehran in the first half of 2020.

This cross-sectional study was performed by convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a two-part researcher-made checklist. The checklist was sent to 15 specialists in the fields of epidemiology, nursing, statistics and general practitioners to check the content validity. Content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were used to check the validity of the content of the checklist and Cronbach's alpha index was used to assess the reliability. To investigate the relationship between the studied variables, independent t-test, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Spearman and Pearson test were used at a significance level of 0.05.

The Cronbach's alpha index of the study checklist was equal to (r = 0.824). The total values of the CVI and CVR index for the whole checklist were found to be 0.870 and 0.733respectively. Therefore, it can be claimed that the checklist used in this study an acceptable level of content validity. 291 patients participated in this study. The mean and standard deviation of the length of hospital stay was 7.59 ± 4.14 days. There was a significant relationship between total length of hospital stay and each of the following variables: history of renal impairment (P-value = 0.034), presence of symptoms of shortness of breath (P-value = 0.007), nausea (P-value = 0.016), oxygen therapy (P-value = 0.022), use of Apotel (P-value = 0.045), use of Kaltera (P-value = 0.020), and hydroxychloroquine use (P-value = 0.022).

Symptoms of dyspnea, age, and oxygen therapy were the most important factors influencing the length of hospital stay. Thus, physicians and nurses should prioritize the use of oxygen therapy for patients, especially the elderly ones with the symptoms of dyspnea, in order to accelerate the recovery of the patients, and consequently reduce the duration of hospitalization.

Human is spiritual dimensions that has legal status in health and disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of nursing and midwifery students about patient rights in Iran Universities of Medical Sciences teaching hospitals’ in 2017. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study in 2017 with convenience sampling method. Data was collected by a three-part questionnaire including demographic information, Knowledge about the Patient Rights Charter, and strategies for student information to deal with patient rights. Mann-Whitney and Spearman tests were used for data analysis. A total of 1219 undergraduate students participated in this study. The mean score of students' awareness of the Patient Rights Charter was 13.54±4.45 out of 29 points. 1007 students (82.61%) reported that education about patient right was sufficient. Direct correlation was between patient knowledge awareness score with pre-internship training (r = 0.461) and learning from instructor information (r = 0.512) and there was a negative correlation between self-education (r = -0.151) and other methods of information acquisition (r = -0.067). Given that most students did not consider the educational content taught in the field of patient rights to be effective, it can be concluded that these methods were ineffective and failed to convey the correct information. Therefore, revising of the Patient Rights Curriculum for Nursing and Midwifery students is recommended