فهرست مطالب علیرضا مقدس

Blindness is a physical condition damaged by severe emotional complications that affect not only the individual but also the family and the community. One of the issues associated with the teenage years of blind girls is their self-concept. The perception that each person has on his or her behavior affects his behavior. Every person's self-concept affects the emotion that concerns her, and this feeling has a direct relationship with self-esteem. Individuals who have a positive self-concept are more satisfied with them and achieve more success; they are self-confident and make decisions based on their abilities. Most studies that have identified the need for adult education have acknowledged that there is a need for a comprehensive plan in this area, but so far, there has not been a program not only for the blind but also for the sighted teenagers. It is also clear from the research in this area that in these educational programs their effects on self-concept are not evaluated. According to the mentioned materials and considering the importance of puberty and the harmful effects of lack of adequate and comprehensive training on the body and mind of girls, especially blind girls, who are considered as the most vulnerable among the most vulnerable in society due to lack of vision, This research, with emphasis on various aspects (physical, cognitive, and emotional), is essential to the health of blind adolescents as a research priority of the World Health Organization. Therefore, the primary objective of this research is to examine the effectiveness of the physical, cognitive, and the emotion of puberty is on the self-concept of blind girl students. This research was quasi experimental design (pretest-post-test with a control group). The statistical population was comprised of all female students of the third, sixth-grade elementary school students studying in the girls' blind schools in Tehran during the school year of 1396-1397 (Narjes and Hazrat Abdul Azim schools). The sample consisted of 30 students of the above-mentioned bases who were randomly selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group). The curriculum on physical, cognitive and emotional issues of maturity was conducted on ten experimental sessions of 90 minutes (twice a week) at the blindfold centre of Hazrat Abdolazim, located in Rey, and the Narjis School in Pasdaran. The implementation of this research was carried out in two stages: first, according to existing research literature and interventional areas, a curriculum on the physical, cognitive and emotional issues of maturation was developed and its content validity through 10 field experts (psychology and Exceptional Children's Education and Measurement and Measurement), so that they were asked to score a score of 1 to 3 after the study, and given that the average score was 2.8 or more to measure the content of the program's validity, Were randomly assigned to five sampled individuals who were selected by simple sampling Considering the significant changes in self-concept, the rest of the subjects were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups, and the training program was taught to the experimental group in the 10 sessions of 90 minutes (twice a week) in the schools. At the end of each course, participants were asked questions, which required completion of the phase and the next stage and, if necessary, compensatory training was applied, and its validity and effectiveness were examined. The control group did not receive any intervention related to the practice of physical, cognitive, and emotional issues. Finally, after the end of the training sessions, experimental and posttest control groups were performed, and the data from the two groups were compared to determine the effectiveness of this program. The results of covariance analysis indicated that the physical, cognitive and emotional education program in the experimental group compared with the control group significantly increased self-concept and its dimensions except for anxiety in the post-test phase (P<0.001). The results indicated that the physical, cognitive and emotional education program of puberty is an effective method for the growth of self-concept in increasing the behavior, cognitive and mental status, appearance and physical characteristics, popularity, happiness and satisfaction in blinded female students.

Considering that the most important mission of medical schools is to train qualified and skilled physicians in the field of health services Whereas students with proper knowledge of the diagnosis of illness and its treatment, as well as the ability in the field of scientific and clinical skills, can properly conduct their studies after completing their education; Therefore, the accurate and proper planning in the field of clinical education in creating the capability and acquiring the necessary skills in the students of this field includes an important part of medical education. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cardiopulmonary resuscitation simulation software on the knowledge and practice of medical students during emergency medicine.
The method of this study was applied and its method was pretest-posttest with control group. Sampling method was random. The statistical population of this study is all medical students of emergency medicine internship of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. In this study, the first two groups, the students were selected as interns in July and August 2016 as the control group or the control group, and the next two groups, ie internship students in Shahrivar and October 2016, were selected as the experimental group. In this research, two theoretical tests including: 36 questions of the four choices that assessed the knowledge and ability to diagnose the disease, the students were assessed and the practical test included: 10 questions related to the practical test, which was provided by the checklist and asked students who will do each item.
The findings of this study showed that the mean of functional learning score and diagnostic ability in the experimental group was more than control and the effect of software was confirmed (P=0.148). However, there was no significant difference between student's knowledge scores between the control and experimental groups (P = 0.001).
Using the cardiopulmonary resuscitation simulator software can create an effective and effective learning environment by creating a safe and stressful environment as a complementary method to traditional education. Students can also simulate their ability to recognize and learn their practical skills by rehearsing and practicing emergency situations simulated by this method. But the use of simulations did not affect student's knowledge. But the use of simulations did not affect student's knowledge. Perhaps the reason for this was simply the practice of the software and the increase of knowledge in real and practical situations, with the explanations and tips of the professors.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate right and left brain hemispheres’ capabilities in gifted students with and without learning disabilities. This causal-comparative study was conducted on 23 gifted students with learning disabilities (17 girls and 6 boys) and 29 gifted students (17 girls and 12 boys) who studied in third to fifth grades of elementary school in Shiraz. Purposive sampling was used to identify participants. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (2003), Screening Inventory Reading Test (2009), Torrance Creative Thinking Test, Keymath Test (1999), Reading and Dyslexia Test (2005) and The Kingore Observation Inventory (2001) were used as formal tools in this study. In addition, the state achievement tests, workbooks and teacher's comments were considered. The data in this study were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that there were significant differences between two groups in creativity, sense of humor, visual processing speed, fluid intelligence, and nonverbal fluid reasoning that relate to the capability of the right hemisphere (p

This study compared the executive functions in children
residing in orphanage and normal conditions.
This Ex-Post Facto study enrolled 90 children from orphanage and 90 normal children in three age groups (7-5, 11-9, 15-13 years old) from the city of Gorgan in 2011. In each age group, 30 orphanage children were recruited through convenient sampling method and for the selection normal children; the first stage used cluster sampling followed by random sampling methods. Coolidge (2002) neuropsychological and personality tests were administered across subjects. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe tests.
Data analysis revealed some significant differences in executive functions between orphanage and normal children of all age groups.
Our findings have suggested that poor executive functions in children residing in orphanages could possibly be due to the environmental isolation, economic variables and the lack of rich social interactions.

Computed Tomography Scan (CT Scan) was the first neurological imaging equipment used on a large scale which allowed the assessment of structural lesions of the brain such as tumors and stroke. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) enabled the more precise investigation of smaller lesions of the brain as well as abnormalities of the white matter. In addition to neurostructural imaging by means of CT Scan and MRI which occurred in neurofunctional imaging، it enabled clinical scientists to gain a unique knowledge of the human brain by using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT). The literature discussed specifically with regard to ADHD is the result of the latest studies and investigations achieved via modern neurological imaging techniques. By using the library method، the latest papers published in the PubMed website، American Journal of Psychiatry (AJP)، British Journal of Psychiatry (BJP)، and Neuroscience website in this area during a specific period of time from 2007 to 2014 were investigated. The findings of the investigation of damaged areas by means of imaging showed that none of the studies discussed a specific region or part of the brain as the main site of likely damages responsible for ADHD، neither did they make any definite emphasis or have consensus. Each study mentioned a different area or region of the brain as being responsible for such disorder. Despite the willingness and aim of all researchers involved in the areas of psychiatry and other neurological sciences، none of the functions or disorders of the brain has been attributed to a specific part or structure of the brain so far، because the brain functions as a very complex system consisting of billions of intertwined neurons and synaptic structures thus making it impossible to segregate and determine the duties of each part of the brain without investigating the other parts of the brain and their relationships with one another. That is why the general term of ‘minimal brain damage’ was used to explain the cerebral pathology of this disorder in the past، and it has not lost its application despite all the advancements made in this area.

In today’s world, issues in life skills have come to enjoy a special position because if such issues are not dealt with seriously and efforts are not made toward enhancing the mental health of individuals in today’s industrial and galloping world, the psycho-social abilities of individuals would diminish, thus leading to mental fatigue and a rise in social injuries**. In the past recent decades, psychologists have emphasized that many disorders and injuries** arise from failure to control emotions, an individual’s incapability of encountering difficult situations, and unpreparedness to solve life problems. In line with such beliefs, psychologists have mobilized to prevent mental diseases and social abnormalities, provide life skills education, increase psycho-social abilities, and ultimately prevent behaviors injurious to health and well-being and enhance mental health in individuals (WHO 1996, cited by Ghaleh Asadi 2007). Hakim Abolghasem Ferdowsi paid special attention to such areas of education over a millennium ago and described them in the forms of thoughts and behaviors of different persons in his stories and poems. One of such stories is one entitled “Haft Bazm” (Seven Feasts). This story which Ferdowsi depicted in his masterpiece, the Shahnameh, is set in a sublime atmosphere and a splendid meeting and in the form of question and answer sessions. The atmosphere of the question and answer sessions and the questions raised by Ferdowsi in such sessions by quoting them from Bozorgmehr and other scholars and the way the Sassanid King and rest of the audience, who are all among the great thinkers of their era, approach the thoughts presented in the words of Bozorgmehr are all prominent examples of the requirements of social skills which is indicative of this great poet’s mastery of the knowledge of communication skills and his great social and spiritual intelligence.The present study seeks to provide an introduction to Haft Bazm and offer an analytical paper for researchers and instructors engaged in social skills and other interested readers. Dr. Mohamed Yousef of Malaysia believes that in the same way that the west Europeanized or westernized Islamic philosophy, astronomy, medicine and mathematics, the Muslims too must Islamize and use the communications theories in which Europeans have made good progress (citation from Bolton, Shahvali’s translation 2001, p 4).

The present research aims to study and compare the extent of effectiveness of computer-assisted cognitive remediation (CACR) and psycho-stimulant drugs in improvement of response inhibition and sustained attention function in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).This was an experimental, prospective research with a pre-test and post-test design, and follow-up with two experiment groups. Using convenience sampling method, 23 children with ADHD were selected. They were matched in terms of severity of disorder, and were randomly assigned into two groups of psycho-stimulant drug therapy (n= 11) and CACR (n= 12). The research instruments included the Continues Performance Test (CPT), SNAP-IV questionnaire, the short form of WISC-R and Child Syndrome Inventory (CSI-4). The data were analyzed using multivariate ANOVA & repeated measures (RM-MANOVA), mixed-design analysis of variance, and follow-up tests. The CACR had a significant and enduring effect on the subjects’ performance in response inhibition and sustained attention. Although CACR, compared to drug therapy, was more effective in improvement of response inhibition and sustained attention; the differences were not statistically significant. Generally, both treatments were effective in improving response inhibition and sustained attention. Therefore, CACR can be used as an alternative technique to the psycho-stimulant drugs in treatment of ADHD.

This research aims to determine and compare the effectiveness of computer-assisted cognitive remediation (CACR) and psychostimulant drugs in improving the planning skill (as executive function) of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The research design was pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with two experimental groups. 23 ADHD children were selected by convenience sampling and inclusion-exclusion criteria. Two groups were matched according to the severity of their disorders and randomly assigned to psychostimulant drug therapy (n=11) and CACR (n=12) groups. The research tools were Tower of London (TOL), Persian version of SNAP-IV scale, the short form of WISC-R, and child syndrome inventory (CSI-4). The data were analyzed by RM-MANOVA and Mixed design MANOVA. The CACR had effective and enduring variation on planning skills of ADHD. In comparison, CACR had an enduring but non-significant impact on enhancement of planning skills. Altogether, both treatments are effective at improving the planning skill (as executive function); therefore, CACR can be used as an alternative technique to treat children with ADHD.

During the past recent years, the issues of social and communication skills and their training and using have been given great attention in the West, while centuries ago Loghman Hakim expressed a series of advices and instructions which are, as interpreted today, among the most evident and prominent examples of social skills training. In the Holy Koran, too, there is a chapter in the Holy Koran entitled “Loghman” which provides a number of advices given by Loghman Hakin to his son. In the present study, those sayings of the sage which conform to the foundations of social skills have been extracted and analyzed. The purpose of this study is to investigate the foundations of social skills from the viewpoint of Loghman Hakim. This study is a library research which made use of note-taking for the purpose of data collection. The advices and instructions were analyzed by means of content analysis. Based on the findings of this study, the bases of Loghman's advices and instructions, even centuries after his death, confirm to the foundations of social skills instruction completely and comprehensively. Such bases briefly include gratitude, patience, contentment, love of knowledge, respect for the great and scholars, foreseeing and refraining from negligence, silence and leashing the tongue, using proper and timely words, moderation and refraining from going to extremes, avoiding ignorant people, keeping the company of scholars, chastity in asking, confidentiality, frankness, compassion, benevolence, good temperament and good faith, avoiding anger and rage, The findings showed that the concept of social skills in Loghman's advices and instructions is based on establishing and forming a proper relationship with others whereby one can achieve their goals without ignoring the rights of others. Based on these results, we can consider social skills and ways to increase it from Loghman Hakim's viewpoint.

This case report is Significantly important, Due to the fact, that so far no documeted report has shown the presence of three female members of the same family having mental retardation. History and Mental status examination and physical examination was taken and the diagnosis was undertaken according to DSM IV-TR.Incidence of Mental Retardation is estimated about 1-3% in normal Population at any time (schaefer 2010). This disorder is 1.5 times more common in men than women (Sadock, 2007). Mental Retardations occure secondary to genetics, developmental, acquired or combination of these causes (Sadock, 2007). But what is rare and unusual is the fact that three Sisters are affected by mental Retardation in one and the same Family. There are some reports of new presentation and Etiology of Mental Retardation in medical literature (phadke, 2010). In this paper we will discuss and study different biological, social and cultural aspects of Mental Retardation and Present some mechanisms for primary prevention as well.

To examine the impact of attachment style and psychological adjustment among women suffering from cancer 101 women were included in this study. All participants were asked to complete the Adult Attachment Style Inventory and Mental Health Psychology Inventory. Results analyzed by frequency, percent, mean, correlation coefficient, one - way analysis variance and toki post hoc multiple comparison. Result showed that participants with secure attachment style have higher well - being than those with insecure attachment and patients with insecure attachment style have more distress than those with secure attachment. The results also showed that there isn’t any difference between two groups with avoidant and ambivalent.

The writer's cramp syndrome is a kind of local dystonia which appears in the hands due to uncontrollable muscular spasms, making a hard and tiring job of writing for patients.Case Report: The present study investigates a 55 year old married male, a bank officer, who has been suffering from myoclonic epilepsy and compulsion since the age of 17, and a few years later developed the writer's cramp syndrome following a sudden stress. There is no report on the simultaneity of the writer's cramp, myoclonic epilepsy and compulsion. The patient's myoclonic epilepsy condition has been under control by a daily dosage of 5 mg of diazepam. However, the writer's cramp syndrome and the compulsion have not been under appropriate therapeutic control.

Lycanthropy is a delusional belief by the patient considering himself or others transformed into wolf or other animals. The phenomenon of lycanthropy has been recognized since two thousand years ago and referred by various sources.The subject of this report was a young single male afflicted with stuttering from the age of 12. He has had some symptoms of depression since adolescence and recently developed lycanthropy syndrome. The subject diagnosed with depression along with lycanthropy syndrome (psychotic depression) received treatment with antipsychotic and antidep-ressant medications as well as individual psychotherapy. In a two-year evaluation, the pheno-menon of lycanthropy appeared remarkably less evident and the symptoms of depression were partially improved.