فهرست مطالب غلامرضا بناگر

The aim of this study is to assess River ecosystem and its zoning using water physicochemical factors and the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the Haraz River in Iran. In this study, benthic macroinvertebrate communities along the stream were sampled in 2015 at each of the nine stations with three replicates using Surber net samplers (30.5×30.5 cm2). BMWP (Biologic Monitoring Working Party) biotic Index, ASPT (Average Score Per Taxon) biotic Index, Hilsenhoff biotic Index were used to assess water quality. Physicochemical factors of water and zoning maps in GIS softwarewas also prepared. In the present study, 5 families of Diptera order named Chironomidae, Simuliidae, Tipulidae, Limnoidae and Culicidae were identified, which had the highest number of families compared to other orders. The family Chironomidae was the only family observed in all stations and had the highest frequency in stations 2 and 3 and the lowest frequency in stations 5 and 6. Calculated results of the stations 1 to 6 (Especially stations 5 and 6) indicated water quality conditions were suitable and substantial level of organic pollutions were observed in stations 7 and 8 and also, station 9 indicates water quality was fairly poor, that indicates the unsuitable conditions of the river at this station.

The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of metals Cd and Cr in liver, kidney and muscle tissues of teal Anas crecca (N=16) from Fereydoonkenar wetland. The study was conducted between November and December 2015. The elements Cd and Cr were assayed using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer and the results were given as mg/kg wet weight. The concentration of metals was compared between the liver, kidney and muscle tissue and using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test. The highest mean concentrations of Cd and Cr were observed in the kidney at 1.45 and 0.56 mg/kg wet weight, respectively. The lowest mean concentration of Cd and Cr were measured in muscle tissue at 0.05 and 0.08 mg/kg wet weight, respectively. The distribution patterns of Cd and Cr in tissues of teal follow the order: kidney>liver>muscle. All the results were statistically significant at P

The objectives of this study were to determine concentrations of lead and zinc in the kidney, liver and muscle of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) from Fereydunkenar wetland. The study was conducted between November and December 2015. The determination of Pb and Zn in mallard tissues was carried out using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer, (Thermo, Model 97GFS). Mean concentrations of Pb in kidney, liver and muscle of mallard were measured 2.95, 1.71 and 0.62 mg/kg, respectively. Also, mean concentrations of Zn in kidney, liver and muscle of mallard were observed 13.8, 20.96 and 8.69 mg/kg, respectively. The distribution patterns of Pb in tissues follow the order: kidney>liver>muscle, while Zn follow the sequence: liver>kidney>muscle. The results indicated that there were positive correlations (r = 0.688, P< 0.05) between liver and muscle in Zn. Zn levels in the kidney and muscle of mallard were below the maximum permissible limit of FAO/WHO (2015), but concentration of Zn in the liver of mallard was above the permissible limit proposed by FAO/WHO (2015). In this study, the mean concentrations of Pb in liver, kidney and muscle were higher than FAO/WHO (2015). The concentrations of Pb reported in the study are alarming and require proper management.

For most people, diet is the main route of exposure to metals, so risk assessment of these elements to human via dietary intake is important. For this purpose, concentrations of Pb and Cd in the muscles of two species of fish(Liza auratus and Liza Saliens) collected from Gorgan gulf were measured. The determination of Cd and Pb in fish tissues was carried out using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer, (Thermo, Model 97GFS). Health risks of fish were assessed by the target hazard quotients (THQs), provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) and provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI). The results showed that mean concentration of Cd in muscle tissues of L. auratus and L. Saliens were 252.05 and 96.7 and mean concentration of Pb in muscle tissues of L. auratus and L. Saliens were 8632 and 1712 µg kg-1 wet weights. The THQ values of Pb and Cd were below 1 for both species. The estimated values of Pb and Cd in muscles of fish in this study were less than established values by JECFA.

The present study aims to determine the concentration of heavy metal Cd in the muscle and liver tissues of fish space including the Khramulia (Capoeta capoeta). This study was conducted in Tajan rive, Mazandaran province, Iran. Sampling was carried out by electroshocker at four stations in spring 2010. Microwave digestion method and atomic absorption spectrometry were employed to measure the concentration of heavy metals in samples. Levene’s test was used to assess the equality of variances. Variances of Cd were homogenous in the muscle (P > 0.05) and Variances of Cd were unhomogenous in the liver tissue (P ≤ 0.05). The results of atomic absorption showed that heavy metals accumulation in liver were greater (P ≤ 0.05) than muscle at this space. The highest accumulations of Cd were in the liver of this space, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). The comparison of the results of study with the recommended maximum limits by the World Health Organization showed that the concentrations of Cd in liver and Cd in the muscle tissue of studied space were higher than standard limits.

Fish diversity of Haraz River Was Studied from November 1999 To August 2000. This river is situated in The Southern Caspian basin of Iranian Mazandaran Province. Five Stations Were Selected along The River. 522 specimens were Collected and studied, that belonged to 20 species and 9 families: Petromyzontidae, Cyprinidae, Cobitidae, Salmonidae, Gobiidae, Mugilidae, Balitoridae, Poeciliidae and Gasterosteidae. Cyprinids comprised 67.2 percent of the species.Seventy percent of species were resident and 30 percent anadromous. Rain bow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Gold fish (Carassius auratus), (Liza saliens) and Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and Gambusia (Gambusia holbrooki) were introduced species. Shannon- Wiener's coefficient of diversity (H'), Food selectivity and Horn's coefficient of niche overlap were estimated.