فهرست مطالب غلامعلی سلیم گندمی

Ziyad bin Ubaid was one of the three sides of the triangle of Muawiya's advisers, who only served as the secretary of Basra until the end of the caliphate of the third caliph. And as soon as Imam Ali (a.s.) entered the realm of caliphate, by raising his position, he took the seat of the Emirate of Fars with huge sources of wealth. He was famous as one of the four famous Arab scholars, and by relying on his tact and intelligence, he was able to establish his position as one of the great powers of the region. But it didn't take long for him to achieve his long-standing dream and obtain the caliphate of Syria, with the mediation of Muawiyah's ambassador (Mughirah bin Sha'ba) and without paying attention to the advice of Imam Ali, he accepted to join Abu Sufyan's lineage and became Muawiyah's brother. And he thought that by accepting this annexation, he would soon be in the first circle of the rivals of Velayat Ahadi. But in the end, not only did he not reach the government of Syria, but his early death before the caliph also paved the way for Yazid's fiefdom. In this article, the researcher raises the question that what was the effect of great thought and motivation in the formation and advancement of the assimilation process and the role of the other party in .

Mughira bin Shuba is one of the elite Arabs from the Thaqif tribe, who has played an important role in many important accidents of the early days of Islam. Since various sources mostly mention Mughira as a veteran politician, no independent research has been done on his military performance. Meanwhile, to know exactly the thoughts and ideas of Maghira, we should also pay attention to his military activities.Because according to fragments of documents, in addition to being present in the political and social arenas, Mughira accompanied the Prophet in many of the Islamic conquests, and in overseas wars to confront the two empires of Iran and Rome in great conquests such as Qadisiyah , Nahavand and Hamedan, which led to the complete occupation of Iran, were present and this presence has left a noticeable impact on his performance during his chancellorship in Basra and Kufa. Some consider his progress in the field of management , due to his presence in fronts outside the peninsula and his familiarity with Iranian and Roman culture.Now, in this research, we are looking for an answer to the question, what role did Mughirah bin Shuba play in the conquests that led to the conquest of Iran? Based on this hypothesis, it seems that Mughira was in charge of the negotiating team before the Qadisiyah war and was present in the conquest of Nahavand and Hamadan as a high-ranking commander

Mughirah Ibn Shuba (50 AH) who is known as an Arab village. One of the influential figures in the course of events in the history of Islam, in the first half of the first century AH. Since he has played key roles in various matters. The present article seeks to examine Mughirah's performance by citing the main sources, and by analyzing the data, in order to explore his political and social role in various matters and in the hidden and visible scenes of Islamic history. Therefore, in this article, considering the importance of the subject, we are trying to answer the questions of this research, which are: What effect has the thought and action of Mughirah Ibn Shuba had on the process of establishing and continuing the caliphate of the three caliphs? What role did the thought and action of Mughirah Ibn Shuba play in the process of establishing and continuing the Caliphate (as)? The basis of this research is based on the following hypotheses: The thought and action of Mughira bin Shuba has had a significant impact on the process of caliphate of the three caliphs. The findings of the research indicate that, after Mughirah converted to Islam, he became one of the companions of the Prophet (PBUH), but after his death, with a political turn, he started to fully support the three caliphs. After that, he engaged in an obvious enmity with the Caliphate of Ali (AS) and Imam Hassan (AS).

 Mughira bin Shu'ba (50 AH) is known as one of arab clever politicians. He is one of the most influential persons in the history of Islam .Since he has played key roles in various affairs, this article aims to investigate the performance of Magirah by referring to the main sources in order to investigate his political and social role in various affairs. and explore the hidden and visible scenes of the period of Muawyah’s caliphate. Mughira was one of the companions of the Prophet but after death of the prophet, with a political turn, he supported Rashidin caliphs in all aspects and after Mu'awiyah took power, while aligning his policies with Muawiyah's, he tried to stabilize the foundations of the Umayyad government first by annexation of ancestry , and then proposed Yazid's succession and took charge of its propaganda. So the essay aims to answer the main question. what effect did the thought and action of Mughira bin Sha'bah have on the process of establishing and continuing the caliphate of Mu'awiya bin Abu Sufyan and Yazid? In response to the above-mentioned question, this hypothesis is proposed that: the examination of historians' reports indicates that the thought and action of Mughira bin Sha'ba left a significant role in the consolidation and continuity of the foundations of Mu'awiya's and Yazid’s caliphate.The method of this research is descriptive and analytical based on library data.