فهرست مطالب فاطمه السادات همایونی

Due to Iran's political-economic structure and the government's role in social policymaking, understanding the transformations in social-welfare policies, including health and medical care, in the post-Islamic Revolution governments is among the key issues in political sociology. Therefore, the aim of this research was to conduct a document analysis of health policy in the eight successive governments of the Islamic Republic of Iran from 1989 to 2021, with an emphasis on cabinet resolutions. The study employed a qualitative content analysis method, focusing on cabinet resolutions from 1989 to 2021.

In this study, we employed a qualitative content analysis approach with an inductive method, focusing on government board approvals from 1989 to 2021. Initially, these approvals underwent open and secondary coding methods, ultimately evolving into the primary categories of health policy. The reliability of the coding was substantiated through a re-coding process conducted over two weeks, achieving a consistency rate of 75%. Additionally, inter-coder reliability between two distinct coders was established at a rate of 90%.

The findings indicate that government resolutions in the health sector, including health and medical care, are consistent with their primary policies and electoral slogans. However, the political approach of the eight successive governments has not significantly influenced their health policymaking. These policies have been more short-term, situational, and responsive to societal conditions. None of the examined governments demonstrated a sufficient equilibrium across the policy domains identified in this study.

While these governments may have operated following their declared slogans and policies, the formulation of health policies consistently prioritized short-term exigencies. Consequently, these policies failed to align cohesively toward achieving long-term objectives within the health system.

The studies related to women who are heads of the household, economic (income) and help to improve their livelihood and their social aspects are neglected. The purpose of this research is to look closely and introspectively at the angles of life (inside the family/interaction with children) of female heads of households in the conditions of home quarantine by knowing their special situations. This research was conducted with thematic analysis method and the study population consisted of female heads of households with children, 15 of whom were selected by purpose sampling until theoretical saturation. The data collection method was a semi-structured interview. The findings of this research show that the possibility of adaptability or resilience of women heads of households becomes less and less in these conditions and with any choice or behavior such as remarriage, prostitution, working in other people's homes, violence towards children, depression, living with the family.The wife (father or mother of the wife), the survivors of the children, due to the lack of ability in the educational facilities of the virtual space, etc., are drowning more and more in critical conditions, and the possibility of maintaining and improving their living conditions and stability has been shaken.

As one of the substantial factors influencing the persuasion of social structure during great crises, social capital plays a vital role in accelerating the implementation and effectiveness of policies adopted to control crisis. In this respect, this study aimed to examine the role of social capital in the level of satisfaction with government performance in COVID–19 control policy-making. The statistical population of the study comprised all citizens of Tehran. The Cochrane formula was used to determine the sample size, which amounted to 400. The study relied on multistage cluster sampling to choose the participants in 22 districts of Tehran in Iran. Having been collected by a researcher-made questionnaire, the data was processed through SPSS software with one-sample t-tests, Pearson Correlation, multivariate linear regression, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings indicate that citizens living in Tehran have a moderate level of satisfaction with government performance in controlling COVID–19. Moreover, the lowest satisfaction mean value was associated with supply chain management and access to health items while the highest mean value of satisfaction pertained to the constraints and social distancing. There was a high correlation between the variable of social capital and satisfaction with government performance in COVID–19 control (R=0.552), and it can predict 30.3% of satisfaction variances. The results show that the variable of trust was the most important predictor of satisfaction with government performance in  COVID–19 control.

The impact of happiness on the process of development of society has made this issue one of the most important topics in different sciences in recent decades. Identifying the factors that affect happiness helps policymakers to develop better policies to lead society toward a happier life. The aim of this study is to investigate the economic and social factors affecting the happiness of Tehran residents aged 18-65 years with a sample of 382 people using multi-stage cluster sampling. For this purpose, two separate models have been estimated using regression analysis. Since the results of the first model show that unemployment and education have a negative and significant effect on happiness, in the second regression model the hypothesis of negative impact of unemployment of graduates has been tested by considering the interactive effect of these two variables. The results confirm the hypothesis that the negative impact of the unemployment on happiness increases with increasing education level. Other results indicated that household income, social coherence, social trust and social participation have a positive and significant relationship with happiness.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social capital and economic factors on women's happiness. The statistical population of this research includes 18-65 year old women in Tehran. Sample size in this study, 384 people were selected using Cochran formula and the samples were selected using multistage cluster sampling method in 22 areas of Tehran. The data gathering tool was a modified standard Oxford Happiness Inverntory (OHI) test. Estimating the effect of variables on women's happiness has been done by using the software Eviews and estimate the cross-sectional regression by the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimator. The results of regression analysis show that among economic variables, household income has a positive effect on women's happiness and is reliable . Research findings also show that social coherence, social participation, social trust as the variables studied in relation to social capital, have a meaningful and positive relationship with happiness. That is, with the rise of social capital in women, their happiness increases. In addition, studying the effect of education shows that this variable has a significant and inverse relationship with women's happiness. That is, with the increase in the level of education of women, their happiness levels are reduced.

Reports and statistical data indicate the critical state of Iran in terms of happiness and its related indexes. On the other hand, a tumultuous lifestyle in a metropolis such as Tehran makes people susceptible to being depressed and unhappy. An increasing speed of life and many social and economic problems threaten the psychological health of people and affect the society in different social, economic and cultural dimensions as a result. This study is a correlational and cross-sectional one, which is performed using a survey method for the active population of Tehran (15-65 years) with a sample of 371 members (multistage cluster sampling). Accordingly, in this study, we seek to answer the question of “how social variables (social capital, social trust, social coherence and Social participation) and economic variables (unemployment and income) affect the active population's happiness in Tehran?”. To analyze the data, descriptive statistical analysis methods, inferential statistics and path analysis method are used. The results indicated that, there was a significant positive correlation between “social coherence, social   participation and social trust” and “happiness”. Also, between “household income and age” and happiness. According to other results, there was no significant relationship between “educational level, employment status, gender and marital status of people” and “happiness”. Altogether, the path analysis model shows “social coherence, social participation, social trust, household income” has a significant positive effect on people's happiness and these variables can make up for 34 percent of the total variance of “happiness” changes.