فهرست مطالب فاطمه باقرپور

 In recent years, the evaluation of voice disorders has traditionally moved into a more comprehensive approach that includes quality of life. The quality of life related to Singing Voice Handicap Index (SVHI) is one of the most widely used self-assessment tools in the area of ​​voice disorder for singers. The aim of this study is to investigate the voice handicap index in singers who are suffering from voice disorder and healthy singers by the Persian version of the singing voice handicap index (SVHIP).  This is a descriptive-analytic study. In this study, 115 singers (48 singers with voice disorder and 67 healthy singers) were participated, and their demographic information was recorded. By completing the Persian version of SVHIP and using Independent T-test and Pearson correlation coefficient, total score and score of each SVHIP index subset (functional, physical and emotional domain) were calculated.  There is a significant difference between the total score of singing voice handicap index and the scores of its subset in both healthy and voice disorder groups. (p≤0.05). There is also a strong correlation between each SVHIP subset with each other in each group of participants 0/6<r<0/8.  Voice impairment in singers affects the quality of life related to their voice in all aspects of physical, functional and emotional.

The evolutionary process of change of a technical term is of prime importance in the history of thought. The transformation of the fundamental and important concept of Gradation is not an exception in this regard. This word was first introduced in logic and applied to expressions and later to concepts and then was adopted in philosophy and was made the subject of so many debates and discussions. The present article first introduces the process of change in the meaning of this word and tries to find the differences in meaning and use of it first in philosophy and logic and next in philosophy and mysticism. The article then concludes that the term gradation forms a pair of homonyms in philosophy and logic with different meanings. In philosophy and mysticism, gradation is used with the same meaning but different referents due to differences in the nature of the two fields. The article shows how lack of consideration of these differences has led to philosophical disputes over the term gradation.