فهرست مطالب فاطمه جمالو

One of the medicinal plants known in traditional medicine, henna with the scientific name Lawsonia inermis L. comes from the Lythraceae family and purslane with the scientific name Portulaca oleracea L. comes from the Portulacaceae family. According to the compounds present in these plants, many properties such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, trypsin inhibitory and antioxidant properties have been reported for them.
This study was conducted on 24 male rats in the weight range of 200±20 grams, which were divided into 4 groups of six. Wounds 2 cm long were created on the back skin of mice: the first group was kept without treatment as a control, the second group was treated with Esrin (negative control) and the other two groups were treated with ointments made of henna and purslane with a concentration of 50% by weight. -Weight was used in the daily basis of Esrin. The area of the wound was measured daily from the second to the fourteenth day with Autocade software. The data were analyzed using SPSS software at a significance level of p<0.05.
The decrease in wound area was significantly higher in all groups treated with purslane and henna. Purslane showed a better effect.
Henna and purslane ointment can be used as effective substances in the treatment of skin wounds by significantly reducing the healing time and wound area.

Naphthalene is one of the main polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that is increasing in the petrochemical industry and is on the list of toxic pollutants. These contaminations are mutagenic and have a large impact on the ecosystem of the region, gradually they are emerging to the food cycle and human societies. Thus threaten human health, plants, animals, rivers, underground water and agricultural production. Germination is the first and most important stage in plant development. In this study to evaluate the effect of naphtalene (30 & 50 mg/L) on germination, radical growth and biomass of seedlings in Helianthus annus L., an experiment was conducted. Seeds germinated in petri dishes and seven days later, those were studied. The results showed that naphthalene was not have a significant effect on germination percent. It Reduced the radicle length and also reduced the dry and fresh weight of the seedlings. Therefore, naphthalene because of its non-polar and hydrophilic structure decreases the rate of water absorption and affects the germination rate, and as a result, leads to decrease in length of the radicle and biomass of the seedlings.

In this study, we checked the distractive effects of dimenhydramine antihistamine on liver`s tissue and enzymes thereinafter excessive prescription. Dimenhydramine is a drug with anti-gastric reflux and anti-nausea effects usually used in trip for sensitive persons. This drug absorbed easily from oral usage and during 24 h excreted from kidneys and it has hepatic metabolism. We used 40 male Wistar adult rats whit 250+20 weighting that grouped into four groups. The control group was without treatment and the other fed with 2. 5, 5, 7. 5 mg/kg of dienhydramine doses daily within 28 d. After the examination procedure, rats became unconscious with ether, blood sampling and liver`s biopsy were done and sent to the laboratory for more study. Comparing the enzyme levels of ALT, AST, and ALP in the treatment and control groups, there was a rise in the enzyme levels as a result of liver damage caused by taking dimenhydramine antihistamine. Observing the microscopic slides of the liver tissue of the treatment group, it suggests sinusoid destruction, the loss of bile ducts, irregular placement of adjacent cells and the absence of Kupffer cells, which in turn confirms the negative effect of this drug on liver tissue. Like other medications, dienhydramine can exert adversary effects as well as positive effects. Since one of the tissues which are susceptible to this effect is liver, we must bear in mind when it comes to prescribing this medication.

The term "cryopreservation" refers to the storage of cells, organs, and tissues in liquid nitrogen ( 196 ° C). At this temperature, the physical and biochemical reactions of cells are virtually stopped; in these particular circumstances, the time of protection is unlimited. Storage of seeds is arguably the most efficient method for the ex situ preservation of plant genetic resources. Low storage costs and regeneration of whole plants from genetically diverse material, offer distinct advantages for the storage for conservation of seeds compared with other types of plant tissues.

In order to preserve seeds of Foeniculum vulgare(Apiaceae) medicinal plant, in cryopreservation condition, we used Desiccation pre-treatment for seeds. After a week seeds of treatment were extracted from the liquid Nitrogen and were melted in Ben Murray with 42°C. Then treatment and control seeds were transferred to a germinator in 24°C and 16/8H optical period.The seeds were distillated by Clevenger apparatus and the essential oils obtained were analyzed by GC/MS. The antioxidant activity determined by DPPH method.

The percent of viability of the control seeds (83%) was observed in comparison to the treated (53%). The major component of essential oil was anethole (80.04%) comparing the control (78.6%). No adverse effects were observed on the antioxidant properties and their essential oils.

Candidal vulvovaginitis occurs in female genital by the over growth of candida especially candida albicans. This infection may be resistant to therapy and occasionally becomes chronic. In some patients this form of infection is recurrent. Candida species are the most important factors in development of fungal infection in human beings and animals. According to the daily increase of drug resistance, attempts are important for providing anti-fungal and anti-microbial drugs. With the increasing consumption of medical plants for medical treatment, this topic of complementary medicine found a unique place. This study compares the concentration effects of Cichorium intybusL. and Matricaria chamomilla L. hydroalcoholic extract and the mixed with Nystatin on the isolated Candida albicans from Vaginal Candidiasis and standard under in vitro conditions.
This experimental study assessed the antifungal effects of two plant extracts on candida albicans. Cichorium intybus L and Matricaria chamomilla L. were selected based on the previous researches and traditional usages. C.Albicans was cultured on sabouraud dexterose agar containing chloramphenicol. On each plate, one plant extract disc, one nystatin disc (as positive control), and one blank disc (as negative controls) were placed. The mean diameter of non-growth halo around each plant extract was compared with the mean diameter of non-growth halo of positive control discs after 24 hours. Data was analysed by ANOVA statistical test (PFindings: There was a significant difference between the diameter of non-growth halo around the plant extracts and Nystatin discs. The diameter of non-growth halo in nystation discs (30 mm) was more than that for Matricaria chamomilla L. discs (21 mm). Non-growth halo in discs (28 mm) nystation were also more than Cichorium intybus L. discs (17 mm) (pDiscussion & Cichorium intybusL and Matricaria chamomilla L. exhibited antifungal effects on C. Albincans But the effect of Matricaria chamomilla L. on the lack of growth of Candida Albicans strains was greater than that in Cichorium intybusL.

Background and This study aimed at investigating the effect of hydroalchoholic extract of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) on expression of passive avoidance learning in male rats.
In an experimental study, 24 adult Wistar rats weighing 230±20 gr were divided into three groups to receive solvent extract (DMSO), and 25 and 50 mg/kg of the sumac extract. Passive avoidance test was done using shuttle box after treatment. All treatments were conducted intraperitoneally, half hours before the test, on the second day (check expression). Data analysis was done applying one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (P The mice that received 25 mg/kg of sumac extract showed significant increase in the latency to enter the dark room compared to the group that received DMSO (P The hydroalcoholic extract of Rhus coriaria L. increased the expression of passive avoidance learning in rats.

Nowadays, due to so many reasons, brands show similar functions in their products as well as the services they provide. Insurance companies are also involved in this principle. With this regard, only the companies which have set particular and specific identity could be distinguished. With respect to the importance of the employees roll in conveying the brand’s message to the costumers, especially at service organizations, this study was conducted to investigate the effective factors on corporate brand identity and its influence on Alborz insurance company employees’ performance and satisfaction. This research examines the type of the correlation between the items. In this research, two-level scatter sampling method was used due to the lack of access to the employee list of Alborz insurance company in Tehran. Moreover, standard questionnaires were used in order to collect the data and structural equation model was used for data analysis. The results proved the positive effects of the corporate brand identity on organizational commitment. In addition, we found out that there is a positive effect of the organizational commitment on the brand performance and on the employees’ satisfaction.

Learning and memory is characteristically human to survive; reducing sexual hormones in aging and the side effects of chemical drugs are factors that can cause memory and learning disruption. In this study the effect of hydroalchoholic extract sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) on expression passive avoidance learning in gonadectomized male rats was studied.
In this experimental study, 32 adult Wistar rats with a weight of 230±20 were put in four groups (8 rats per group), including: received healthy solvent extract Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), gonadectomized received of DMSO and doses of 25 and 50 mg/ kg extract sumac . Firstly, , rats injected intraperitoneally with ketamine (75 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) anesthesia, gonads removed after 15 days recovery period, extensive testing. Passive avoidance test by the Shuttle box device after treatment by the same conditions was performed for all groups. All treatment was performed intraperitoneally and a half hours before the test on the second day (check expression).The data were analyzed by the one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (P Results showed that in the gonadectomized group received solvent extract (DMSO) (3/0 cc) a significant reduced was found in latency to enter the dark room compared to DMSO control groups (P Results show that the gonadectomy reduces the incidence of avoidance learning and In gonadectomized rats, hydroalcoholic extract of sumac increases the incidence of passive avoidance learning.

Diatoma De Candolle is common algae flora in equatic ecosystem. Epilithic, Epipelic and Epiphytic population are the best indicator for water quality.
In this study, samples were taken on monthly, of 6 different station of rock, sediment and plant surface. Physicochemical parameters such as temperature , pH, Electrical Counductivity and Dissolved Oxygen were insitu measured in site and Biological Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand were measured in laboratory. Diatoms identify on the basis of morphological characters of the silica cell wall.
Findings: species from Diatoma De Candolle in Jajrood river were identified consist of: Diatoma anceps (Ehr.) Kirchn. Diatoma ehrenbergii Kutz. Diatoma mesodon (Ehr.) Kutz. Diatoma tenuis C. A. Agardh. Diatoma vulgare Var. breve Grun. Diatoma vulgare Var. linearis V. H. Diatoma vulgaris Bory.
Discussion and Counclusion: Physicochemical factors such as BOD and COD increases and the water pollution index, are down the river is significant pollution increases. Diatoms counting showed diatoms density down the river to increase. Two-way ANOVA showed a significant correlation is between increased diatoms density and increased pollution.

Background & Objective:

With the increasing consumption of medical plants for medical treatment ,this topic of complementary medicine found a unique place. This study is the comparison of Cichorium intybusL. hydroalcoholic extract and Nystatin on the isolated Candida albicans from vaginal infection under in vitro conditions.

C.Albicans was cultured on sabouraud dexterose agar containing chloramphenicol. Three series of 10 plant Cichorium intybusL. extract and a series of 10 of the disk impregnated with nystatin was prepared. On each plate, one plant extract disc, one nystatin disc (as positive control) and one blank disc (as negative controls) were placed. The mean diameter of non-growth halo around each plant extract was compared with the mean diameter of non-growth halo of positive control discs after 24 hours. Data was analysed by ANOVA statistical test (p<0.05).

The diameter of non-growth halo in nystation discs (28 mm) nystation were also more than Cichorium intybusL. discs(17 mm) (p<0.05). As well as the diameter of non-growth halo in Combination Cichorium intybusL and Nystatin discs(45 mm) was more than that for Cichorium intybusL discs(17 mm) and Nystatin discs(28 mm).

Cichorium intybusL exhibited antifungal effects on C. Albincans But the effect of Nystatin on the lack of growth of Candida Albicans strains was greater than that in Cichorium intybusL. and combining the drug with extract on the lack of growth of Candida Albicans strains was greater than that in Nystatin.

Epilepsy is a central nervous system disorder that appears as sudden convulsions, and transient, repetitive and unpredictable movement, with sensory-motor and autonomic sources. Statins are a group of blood cholesterol-lowering drugs. According to the results of the anti-inflammatory and vasoprotective effects of statins on cultured brain cells (astrocytes and microglia) and endothelial cells, the purpose of this study was investigating the effect of atorvastatin on pentilentetrazole-induced seizures in gonadectomized male mice.
36 male NMRI mice, weighting 30-35 g were used in the study. The mice were divided into two groups (Each group consisted of 18 mice : healthy and gonadectomized groups. The surgical removal of the testicles was gonadectomy and injections were given intraperitoneally. In gonadectomized group, an operation to remove the testicles was done. The DMSO group (0/3 cc) and treatment group were received Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally and then 30 minutes after that they received PTZ (80 mg/kg) injection. All injections were administered intraperitoneally. After injection of PTZ- duration of seizure onset (threshold) was recorded. The data were analyzed by one way variance analysis and Tukey’s test using SPSS (p In healthy group, receiving Atorvastatin significantly increased the time of seizure onset (threshold) compared to solvent DMSO group and on the other hand gonadectomized mice had a significant reduction in the duration of seizures than normal mice (p The results indicated that the Atorvastatin had anticonvulsant effects and gonadectomy increases seizures.

In this research Centaurea bruguierana (DC.) Hand. from Asteraceae (Section Tetramorpheae) have been studied using taxonomic properties from morphologic, anatomic and palynological view points. Critical morphologic properties in this study are trichome-cover, Capitule inflorescence, achene fruit, and seed shape. Anatomical studies of the leave in studied species showed that this species has polycellular trichomes. As well the mesophyll type of the leave is that of isobilateral. Palynological characters are performed by Scan Electron Microscopy. In this studied species the pollen grains are symmetric and isipolar, tricolporate. The pollen grains shape in equatorial view are prolate. In Polar view the pollen had a spheroidal shape. The pollen grains had three Colpi and pore in the equatorial area. The pollen grains type are of Trizonocolpate and tectum is of the echinate type. The pollen grains type are of Trizonocolpate and tectum is of the echinate type. . . . . . .

Anxiety is a common disorder that often associated with the physiological symptoms such as heart rate , chest pain, shortness of breath. The use of medicinal plants has increased and the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydro-alcoholic extracts of Ocimum basilicum on anxiety in male rats.

Ocimumbasilicum leafy branches Having identified by herbarium University, hydro-alcoholic extract by Soxhlet extraction, and powdered extracts were prepared.. In this study the male Wistar rats(230±20g) were divided to intact group ,DMSO recipient( solvent extraction) group And receiving doses of 250, 50, 25, 15 mg / kg,( i.p) of Hydro-alcoholic extract.A half hours after injection, by Using the evaluated maze, the anxiety test was taken and the standard indicators of anxiety,( duration of stay and the number of entry into the open arm ) was recorded and checked for 5 minutes.ANOVA and Tukey test was used for analyzing data (P<0.05)

The results showed that the DMSO with compared to intact group had no effect on anxiety indicators. The Ocimumbasilicumhydroalcoholic extract at a dose of 25,15 mg / kg Compared to the group receiving DMSO, the time of stay in open arms and number of entry into open arm had a significant increase (p<0.001)Conclusion Ocimumbasilicum extract has anti-anxiety effect.

Of Cardaria DESV. genus is a species Cardaria draba (L.)DESV. in Iran.Plant is Pereniale . Lower leaves are petiolate, entire, lyrate or sinuate. Upper leaves are sessile with cordate or slightly sagittate base, ovate-oblong, often serrate-sinuate, amplexicaule, with (or without) stipule. inflorescence dense corymbe. Fruit is silicule, obcordate. Pollen grains morphology Were studied with Optical microscope and scaning electrony microscope to evaluate phylogenetic Relationships. For Optical microscope studies, the pollen grains were asetolysied with Erdthman method. After sprayed gold pollen grains on the samples with electron microscope model Philips XL 30 PD were studied. Pollen grains single, isopolar, tricolpate, elliptic in equatorial view, round in polar view, Pollen grain size of 15-35 µm in length, 18-40 µm in width Are different. Tectum is reticulate. Features of pollen grains coupled with other traits in the interpretation of systematic relationships of this genus are used.

Comparison of subcultures on the success of plant micropropagation of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr)Review :Recent scientific advances in biotechnology lead to new methods of micropropagation of pineapple plant pineapple, mass propagation and reduce production costs is provided. Genetic changes associated with micropropagation of pineapple plants to create new varieties from the economic point of view, resistance to major pests and diseases are the most important goals pineapple application of biotechnology. In this study different stages of plant micropropagation of pineapple under the influence of concentration were compared. In order to micropropagation, meristem of the plant Pineapple isolated in sterile conditions and then it Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) with various concentrations of 6-benzyl Mynvpvryn ((1-2-3-4-5 Mgl NAA acid ((6 Mgl were cultured. by increasing the amount of hormones 6-Ynzyl Mynvpvryn average stem length (2 inches) and the proliferation rate (3 per explants). the growth rate rose. Keywords: pineapple seedlings - micropropagation - growth regulators

Cryopreservation is one of the most appropriate and safest tool to preserve plant germplasm species including plants seeds. In this temperature, physiologic activities and metabolic processes of the seeds and plant members are almost held up and seeds are able to survive at unlimited time periods.In this research, in order to preserve seeds of Silybum marianum medicinal plant, from Astereceae Family in cryopreservation condition, we used three pre-treatments: Glycerol 30 %, and plant vitrification solution 2 and Desiccation for seeds. After a week all of treatments were extracted from the liquid Nitrogen(LN) and were melted in thermae with 42°C. Then seeds were transferred to a germinator in 24°C and 16/8H optical period. Results analyzed statistically through laboratory exploration.Results show, Silybum marianum seeds' survival in LN are maintained in all three treatments among which Desiccation treatment has the highest survival percentage(93%) comparing the control (70%). Mean of seeds' length equals 101/13 mm in vitrification treatment while in control it reaches to 47/38. Thus, Desiccation treatment is recommended as an appropriate alternative to preserve this plant seeds and other Orthodox seeds for long periods of time in preserving centers of plant germplasm preservation.

Diatoms are major constituents of algal flora in aquatic ecosystem. This study was conducted in the 140-km Jajrood Rriver from April 2004 through May 2005. Samples were taken on monthly intervals from six stations. Physical parameters such as DO and EC were measured in situ and chemical parameters such as BOD and COD were measured in the laboratory. Samples of Epilithic diatoms were taken using a core device DI 25 cm2, of Epipelic diatoms using a core device DI 16 cm2, and of Epiphytic diatoms by cutting small portions of Microspora and Cladophora. For better observation, cell walls and permanent mounts were prepared using Patricke and Reimer procedure. In this study, 92 species belonging to 21 genera of diatomses were identified. A wide diversity of species was observed in Cymbella, Diatoma, Navicula and Cocconeis