فهرست مطالب فاطمه دانشیار

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between managers' Overconfidence, audit firm size, actual earnings management and auditor's comment on Tehran Stock Exchange companies, In such a way that the independent variable managers' overconfidence variable, the size of the moderator variable auditor, the actual earnings management as the mediator variable, and the auditor's opinion variable played the dependent variable. The sample of the study consists of 120 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2012-2019. Hypotheses were analyzed using multiple linear regression, binary logistic regression and Sobel test that managers' overconfidence had a positive and significant relationship with actual earnings management but a negative and significant relationship with auditor's opinion.  Also, audit firm size as a moderator variable had a significant negative effect on the relationship between management overconfidence and actual earnings management. But actual earnings management did not have a significant effect on the auditor's statement  It also did not mediate the relationship between managers' overconfidence and the auditor's opinion.

In the present study, the relationship between audit quality and growth and value stock returns was investigated experimentally and with the approach of logistic regression model. The quality of the audit is measured using two criteria: the type of auditor's opinion and the size of the audit firm and The division of stocks into growth and value was done using the Hagen model. Also, the size of the company, the leverage ratio and the profitability ratio as the control variables were introduced into the research model. The research sample consists of 80 companies during the period from 2007 to 2017. The results indicate that audit quality has a significant relationship with growth and value stock returns Based on p/s, Roa, p/e and Roe.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between business strategies including cost leadership and product differentiation strategy with financial performance in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange experimentally. The differentiation strategy is measured by the ratio of R&D cost to sales and the cost leadership strategy is measured by the ratio of sales to total assets, and financial performance is measured using the rate of return on equity. also, financial leverage, asset return, sales growth and company size as control variables were included in the research model. The research sample includes 110 companies in the period from 2013 to 2020. The test results using combined regression indicate that there was a significant relationship between both differentiation strategy and cost leadership with financial performance, so that the relationship between differentiation strategy and rate of return on equity is negative and significant and the relationship between cost leadership strategy and The rate of return on equity has been positive and significant.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intellectual capital indices and information asymmetry on growth and value stock returns empirically. Intellectual capital has been measured using the three criteria of human capital, structural capital efficiency and productivity capital efficiency And dividing stocks into growth and value is done using the pe ratio and asset growth rate. Also, firm size, leverage ratio as control variables were included in the research pattern. The sample of the study consists of 78 companies in the period 2012-2018. The results obtained by using regression data indicate that among intellectual capital indices, human capital index has a positive and significant effect, structural efficiency has a negative and significant effect, and productivity efficiency has a negative and significant effect with grown Portfolio returns based on the pe ratio.. Also, the ratio of human capital had a significant negative impact, the structural efficiency had a positive and significant effect, and the productivity of productivity had a significant negative impact on the value portfolio return based on the pe ratio. The second hypothesis test also showed that human capital and productivity capital productivity in both growth and value portfolios based on asset growth had a negative and significant effect on stock returns But structural efficiency has had a meaningful effect on both growth and value portfolios on stock returns. Information asymmetry in both growth and value portfolios based on pe ratio and asset growth had a positive and significant effect on returns

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is one of the biggest challenges in all countries. Lifestyle can be defined as a way of living that pivots around desirable life patterns of a given individual and encompasses worldviews, attitudes, values, behaviors, patterns of social interactions, leisure time, and consumer patterns. Protection and preservation of a healthy lifestyle calls for consideration many factors by policy makers and strategic planners, and this goal can be achieved when the elite, academic and seminary communities are provided with a knowledge production discourse tailored with the dominant culture of countries with respect to the Islamic-Iranian lifestyle.

The present study was an attempt to investigate the position of healthy Iranian-Islamic lifestyle in published domestic literature.

In the present study systematic review is used to present a summary of relevant lifestyle literature, detect their strengths and weaknesses, and used the qualitative-quantitative mixed method to draw a conclusion about the position of a healthy Iranian-Islamic lifestyle in local published domestic literature. First, a list of keywords related to the subject of the study was prepared and then keywords were searched in domestic scientific databases. The keywords were extracted from Articles and dissertations authored during 2006 – 2016.

The results of literature review showed that lifestyle is one of the neglected subject matters in the field of health and has been subject of few studies.
Discussion and

Analyses results suggest that inconsideration of lifestyle by policymakers and strategic planners has caused researchers to overlook issues related to health and lifestyle. Development of a dominant scientific and research discourse in academic and seminary settings is the only factor that can contribute to formation of a healthy Iranian- Islamic lifestyle.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of institutional ownership on the relationship between intellectual capital and corporate value in Tehran Stock Exchange companies, In a way that the variable of intellectual capital as an independent variable and the variable of value of the company has played the role of a dependent variable and the variable of institutional ownership has played the role of a moderating variable. The statistical sample of the study includes 113 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1390 to 1397. Analysis of hypotheses based on panel regression showed that the added value of intellectual capital has a positive and significant effect on the value of the company and the structure of ownership as a moderating variable has a negative and significant effect on the relationship between value added of intellectual capital and the value of the company and modifies this relationship.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between financial reporting quality indicators and growth returns and value stocks experimentally. The quality of financial reporting is measured using four criteria: quality of accruals, accuracy of financial information, discretionary accruals and discretionary income and stocks are divided into growth and value using the return on assets. Also, company size, leverage ratio and equity return as control variables were included in the research model. The research sample includes 120 companies in the period from 2011 to 2018. The results obtained using logistic regression indicate that All four criteria of financial reporting quality including the quality of accruals, accuracy of financial information, discretionary accruals and discretionary earnings have a significant relationship with growth and value of stock returns. In a way that with the increase in the quality of financial reporting, the stock returns of companies have been driven to growth.

Overconfidence is an interdisciplinary concept related to the possibility of misjudgment in psychology. More importantly, management overconfidence is a concept derived from behavioral financing. Overconfidence can define unfounded belief in one's cognitive abilities, judgments, and intuitive reasoning. Overconfidence is one of the most important personality traits of managers that affect risk-taking companies in prioritizing their financial resources in terms of cost. Companies prefer to use the domestic budget and then the external financial resources as a last resort to issuing new shares. Because managers with overconfidence feel optimistic about the profitability of their business, they assume the capital market is underestimating their stock. In cases where the entity needs financing, they prefer financing through issuing bonds instead of issuing shares and think they may increase the wealth of shareholders by choosing debt with a short-time maturity. Overconfidence is irrational behavior, and corporate executives express it when making business decisions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between overconfidence management and investment efficiency with emphasis on the mediating role of internal financing In the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, TSE, over the period 2009-2018.  

Data collection completed using modern software, financial statements of the TSE official website. To test the research hypotheses, we used a panel data model with Eviews software. In this research, the statistical sample consists of information and data of 101 companies from the TSE. This study tests five hypotheses. The logarithm of total assets was used to measure the control variable of company size, and the ratio of long-term debt to total assets to measure the financial leverage control variable.  Also, the ratio of net profit to total assets was used to assess the control variable of return on assets, and the ratio of net profit to equity to assess profitability.  

Overconfidence in management has a positive and significant relationship with internal financing. Internal financing has a positive and significant relationship with overinvestment and a negative and significant relationship with underinvestment. Internal financing does not have any mediating effect on the relationship between management overconfidence and investment efficiency. Control variables are firm size, financial leverage, return on assets, and profitability. The difference between earnings per share and real earnings per share measures the management distrust. The logarithm of the accumulated profit and legal reserves measure the variable of domestic financing, and investment efficiency is divided into two variables of over-investment and under-investment.

As managers become more confident, their willingness to use internal resources increases, and as internal financing rises, managers tend to invest more. Manager's distrust is an essential factor in financing so that managers with overconfidence incline to raise domestic financing and investment more than others.

Based on theoretical finance and accounting literature, distress firm's managers manipulate their financial information and real activities in order to hide and postpone bad news about financial distress situation. In fact, in these companies, management efforts are on track to provide personal benefits rather than putting in place to improving financial situation of the company. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the association between agency costs and corporate financial health. 120 publicly listed firms from Tehran Stock Exchange for the period 1382 to 1395 (Iranian Calendar) are selected as final data set. The research hypotheses were tested by using multivariate linear regression and Comparison of means. The results based on Altman adjusted z-score (1968) indicate that agency costs derived from the separation of ownership and management is one of the factors affecting the financial distress and the agency costs in healthy firms is lower than unhealthy companies. But the results based on Olson's financial health index (1980) indicate that there is no relationship between the agency costs and the level of financial health and there is no significant difference between the agency costs in healthy and non-healthy companies.

Using structural equation modeling approach, this research aims to explore the effect of political costs on financial reporting quality. For this purpose, 66 publicly-listed firms from Tehran Stock Exchange for the period 2006 to 2014 were selected as the final data set. As an independent variable, the observable variables such as capital intensity, concentrate rate, tax ratio, firm size, employee intensity, and risk were used to proxy the political cost. In addition, quality of accruals, disclosure quality, earnings persistence, and accuracy of financial information were used to measure financial reporting quality which is dependent variable and growth opportunities and leverage were considered as control variables. The results indicated that political costs had a negative and meaningful effect on financial reporting quality.

The issue of financial reporting quality has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. In this regard, the auditor opinion on financial reporting has particular importance. Therefore, the present study examines the relationship between indicators measuring the quality of financial reporting and auditor’s opinion. Indicators measuring the quality of financial reporting include accruals quality, earnings persistence, the quality of disclosure and the accuracy of financial information; in addition the type of audit opinion has been divided into two categories: the unqualified and qualified audit opinion. The population for collecting variables includes the listed companies in TSE between the years 2003 and 2012. Among the listed companies, a total number of 70 companies have been selected as a sample through systematic elimination. The results of panel logistic regression analysis show that there is a significant positive relationship between some of the indicators measuring financial reporting quality such as earnings persistence and the quality of disclosure and the type of audit opinion, indicating that the increase of unadjusted indicators are in line with unadjusted opinions. Furthermore, there is no significant relationship between the accruals quality and the accuracy of financial information and audit opinion.