فاطمه دینی

Each profession has its own rules, limits, and restrictions, and for each profession, its boundaries and rules must be defined. Adherence to the standards, values, and limitations of each discipline can be defined as the professional ethics of that discipline. Due to the special position of the translator in the translation process, the present article has tried to express the ethics of the translator's profession and the prerequisites of the translation profession while using the descriptive-analytical method. Understanding the prerequisites and challenges and slips of the translation profession, as well as work experience in specific fields, makes the translator specialize in a field of translation techniques, and the process of finding expertise provides an important part of professional ethics in the field. Hussam al-Din Mustafa in his book "Basics and rules of the translation industry" has referred to the subject of professional ethics of translation and to various issues in this field, which is the basis of this article. The authors have come to the conclusion that: Familiarity with the culture of the source language, specialization in translation, familiarity with the technique of translation, context in translation, and translation process, are the most important prerequisites that a translator should consider, to be able to provide a more acceptable translation.

Today's world, which can rightly be called the world of scientific progress and development, is growing and expanding at an unimaginable speed. This expansion is not only in the technical and experimental sciences, but also in the humanities. One of the results of this amazing growth and development of human sciences and knowledge is the multiplicity of scientific writings and writings that are presented to human society by thinkers and scientists. In a way, it can be said that our age is an era in which writing and writing are created more than any other period. Due to the growth of knowledge, these writings go beyond the scope of the author and author environment and are spread and spread throughout the universe. In order to support the translator's valuable and arduous efforts to return the work or book, legal systems and governments have long enacted measures and laws to stop the looting of translators' efforts by profiteers. On the other hand, to encourage and support this important group that is the mediator of the transmission of human knowledge. In this research, we intend to examine the rights of translators with the focus on the book "Fundamentals and rules of the translation industry".

Ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibrium is vulnerable to numerous unstabilizing mechanisms. Instabilities introduce distortions to the plasma magnetic surfaces and their boundaries, their driving force being the radial gradient of plasma toroidal current density. For certain modal numbers, internal kink modes may develop, and their study is feasible according to the energy principle, in which the change in total potential energy is evaluated due to the disturbance. In this paper, we present a new analysis of MHD equilibrium and stability, and apply it to Damavand Tokamak which has a large aspect ratio. For this purpose, we combine the perturbation and Green's function methods to solve the equilibrium configuration problem. At this stage, plasma profiles are found explicitly in terms of Bessel functions, and we present a simple expression for estimation of total toroidal plasma current. Then the rest of plasma profiles, including poloidal magnetic flux, safety factor, and toroidal current density, are obtained and plotted. In the next step, we turn to the stability calculations and characterize the stable and unstable ideal MHD modes of Damavand plasma.

Tokamak is known as a magnetic system for plasma confinement, where the plasma is heated and pressurized under the influence of powerful toroidal and poloidal magnetic fields. Currently, tokamak is one of the proper choices for generation of clean and low-cost energy, and it is anticipated that the construction of ITER as an international project in France fulfills the mankind dream for providing an economy energy resource. In this paper, we consider the equilibrium and transport problem in a tokamak plasma, and we study the numerical solution to the corresponding equations to achieve a desirable plasma configuration in Damavand tokamak, of electromagnetic fields highly elongated cross section. Through the self-consistent combination of transport and equilibrium equations, we obtain a scenario for the temporal and spatial evolutions of plasma in Damavand. In particular, we noticed from the study of simulation data the existence of separatrix configuration in a small tokamak with elongated cross section and large aspect ratio. The separatrix configuration is a characteristic of advanced tokamaks including JET, and is regarded as an essential capability of these machines. This paves the way for designing a divertor for Damavand tokamak, to study the plasma-wall interaction, as well as mechanisms of energy extraction from plasma.

Configuration of Tokamak plasma has a dominant effect on its parameters. In the calculation of transport, there are some transport coefficients and quantities, where the knowledge of their precise values, according to the system of equations, is essential to be realized. Tokamak has a toroidal configuration, in addition to classical effects, it is necessary to study the neoclassical effects due to the field curvature. The trapped particles in strong electromagnetic fields oscillate on banana-shaped orbits which in turn affect many other collisional transport parameters. Here, a precise estimation of trapped particles based on the standard equilibrium model for an elliptical shape of Tokamak plasma has been carried out using Lin-Liu model. It should be added that in this calculation, the profile of the averaged magnetic field on the flux surfaces has been derived using analytical integration and consideration of an elliptic shape for ellipticity function in the limit of large aspect ratio and zero shift of magnetic flux surfaces. Having the fraction of the trapped particles, by following the formulation and using an appropriate model in various collisional regimes, the neoclassical conductivity of plasma in Damavand Tokamak is obtained and the respective variations have been found. The presented results can exploit the computation of transport and other quantities of Damavand Tokamak.