فهرست مطالب فاطمه ذاکریان

Satureja sahandica is one of the endemic Iranian medicinal plants which, has application in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and sanitary industries and has high agricultural importance due to its high tolerance to drought stress and production capacity in rainfed areas. In order to investigate the changes in the physiological traits of Satureja sahandica, this research was carried out in two years under field conditions with split plot design in three replications. Drought stress considered as main slot at four levels (full irrigation and interupted irrigation at shoot, budding and 50% flowering stages) and inoculation with mycorhiza as sub plot  at four levels ( non-use of bio fertilizer (control), Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae, and Glomus mosseae + Glomus intraradices). The results showed iteraction effect of year * drought stress * mycorrhiza at 1% level on peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase and percentage of essential oil was significant. Mean comparison of traits showed that catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and total phenol were the highest in the second year. The highest amount of chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, malondialdehyde, soluble sugar was obtained in drought stress at stem elongation. The highest superoxide dismutase, proline, and total phenol belonged todrought stress at 50% flowering. The highest percentage of essential oil (1.87%) obtained in use of both species of mycorrhiza. So using bio fertilizers can reduced effects of drought stress.

In order to study morphological characteristics, yield, elements and Gallic acid contents in Rhus coriaria L. fruits under the influence of manure and chemical fertilizers, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. Manure factor was included control, 20 and 40 tons per hectare and chemical fertilizers (Mixture of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) were N0P0K0 (control), N50P25K25 and N100P50K50 kg ha-1 from urea, triple superphosphate and potassium oxide sources. Results showed that the interaction of manure and chemical fertilizer on plant height and trunk diameter was significant at 1% probability level. Manure had a significant effect on leaf number and width, fresh and dry yield of cluster at a probability level of 5%, and on leaf length and leaf weight at 1% probability level. The effect of chemical fertilizer on leaf weight was significant at 1% probability level. The effect of manure fertilizer on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and iron was significant at 1% probability level. Mean comparisons of morphological traits showed that the highest number of leaves (683.44 number per plant), leaf length (24.06 cm), leaf weight (1754.9 g per plant), fresh cluster yield (301 g per plant) and dry cluster yield (281.2 g per plant) were achieved with using of 40 tons per hectare manure. The highest percent of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were obtained with mean of 1.9, 0.32 and 0.71%, respectively with consumption of 40 tons per hectare manure. The highest amount of Gallic acid was obtained from manure application of 40 tons per hectare with 0.44 mg/kg of fruit. Results showed that this plant has been affected by fertilizer and increased fruit and Gallic acid with the use of fertilizers.

In order to investigate the effect of vermicompost, mycorrhiza and semimycorrhiza(Piriformospora indica) on some micro and macro elements of Balm (Melissa officinalis L.), this experiment was conducted in the Alborz research station, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Karaj, Iran, in 2012. The experiment was conducted as factorial in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Factors included vermicompost at three levels (0, 5 and 10 t/ha), and inoculation with biofertilizers at four levels (control, inoculation with Glomus mosseae. intraradices, Piriformospora indica, and Glomus mosseae. intraradices㸪諦ꋊ梭 indica). Results indicated that vermicompost and biofertilizer significantly affected the content of potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese and cooper (p