فاطمه رضوی نیا

Adiponectin and nesfatin are the hormones which secret from adipose tissue in response to extracellular stimuli. Lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity have role in regulating energy balance. This review study was performed with aim to investigate the effect of adiponectin and nesfatin-1 in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

In this review article, to find the articles, search was performed in databases of pubmed, google scholar, Scopus, SID with the keywords of Adiponectin, Nesfatin, and polycystic ovary syndrome from 2003 to 2017. This study was written based on PRISMA checklist. The quality of the extracted articles was evaluated based on the STORBE, CONSORT and CASP checklist of contents, and ultimately 21 articles were assessed.

In most studies, adiponectin levels have been shown to decrease in patients with PCOS. Also, the studies have shown contradictory results about nesfatin levels and PCOS.

Studies have shown that adiponectin and nesfatin may play a role in PCOS and likely control and regulate this hormone in the body and can help to treat people with PCOS or prevent it and reduce the economic burden on the family and society.

Adiponectin is a hormone from adipokine family, which releases from adipose tissue cells and has many biological roles. According to the literature, the level of this hormone reduces in obese individuals. Several studies have investigated the relationship between adiponectin and gynecological diseases. However, no study reviewed the role of adiponectin hormone in fertility and sterility. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the literature regarding adiponectin hormone role in fertility and sterility.
This study reviewed 18 articles which were searched in the reputable online databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, and Iran Medex. The searches were performed using keywords, such asadiponectin, fertility, sterility, and ovulation among the papers published during 1996-2018. We classified the studies and considered P Adiponectin is one of the hormones that affect the reproductive system.Ovulation disorders (e.g., PCO and hypothalamic amenorrhea), metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and infertility are associated with reduced adiponectin level. On the other hand, treatments for infertility, including ovulation induction, IVF, and ICSI are accompanied by increase in adiponectin level. Therapy is more likely to be successful in subjects with higher adiponectin.
Regarding the positive effects of adiponectin and its basic role in fertility and sterility, it is possible to measure and evaluate this hormone for management and follow-up of fertility and sterility. Consequently, further attention and research about this hormone seems to be necessary.

Adipokines are hormones secreted from adipose tissue in response to extracellular stimuli and changes in metabolism. These hormones are involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis, lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Adiponectin is one of these adipokines that has anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the role of adiponectin in gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia and obesity during pregnancy.
To conduct this research, a systematic of descriptive _observational studies by review was conducted searching databases, i.e PubMed, Iran Medex, SID, Google Scholar, between January 2000-February 2017, using the related keywords.The quality of the extracted articles was evaluated based on the STORBE checklist of contents and finally 20 articles were analyzed.
Adiponectin levels early in pregnancy increased, and with increasing insulin resistance during pregnancy, these levels gradually declined in maternal circulation and adipose tissue. Decreased adiponectin concentrations were also observed in obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus and can exacerbate insulin resistance, although levels of this hormone appears to increase in preeclampsia.
These results indicate that reducing adiponectin levels is possibly involved in insulin resistance during pregnancy, obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus and the increase in levels of this hormone in preeclampsia is probably a physiological response to improving vascular function and insulin sensitivity.

Adipose tissue plays a role in releasing hormones including orexin, that regulates energy metabolism, nutrition, body weight, control system, autonomic, sleep, insulin sensitivity, breathing, drug addiction ,and reproductive axis. The pregnancy is associated with a series of metabolic changes that provide energy and nutrients for mother and fetus. Orexin increases insulin sensitivity and reduces diabetes and metabolism and increases energy expenditure and development of the fetus and newborn. This review aimed to summarize the studies related to orexin A ,normal and complicated pregnancy, lactation ,and sudden infant death (SID).
In this study, 320 articles were found through electronic search in Pubmed, Google, Google Scholar, Yahoo, Iran Medex, Science Direct, and SID databases during 1998 to 2016 and 13 articles were finally examined.
The results showed that orexin A in the placenta plays an important role in the regulation of energy metabolism during pregnancy and AF volume and its reduction probably causes idiopathic polyhydramnius and increases the risk of gestational diabetes resolutions. And its reduction after delivery increases prolactin and lactation. Orexin A reduction in brain stem is associated with sleep disorders that causes sudden infant death to occur.
The study showed that, orexin plays a role in improving insulin resistance and sets the sleep cycle, fetal and infant growth , uncomplicated pregnancy ,and lactation.