فاطمه شمسی

This study aimed to predict children's separation anxiety symptoms based on parenting styles with the mediation of mothers' feelings of insecurity. It is a descriptive-correlational study using the structural equation method. The statistical population included all 6-8 year-old children attending preschool and elementary schools in Tehran during the 2022-2023 academic year; 242 participants were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. evaluated by the Parenting Style Questionnaire (PSQ, Baumrind, 1973), the Relationship Attachment Style Scale for Adults (RAAS, Collins & Read, 1990), and the Parent Form of the Separation Anxiety Scale (SAS, Han et al., 2003). the results demonstrated that the derived model exhibited a satisfactory fit. It was found that an authoritarian parenting style had a direct positive impact on separation anxiety symptoms, while an authoritative parenting style had a direct negative impact (P<0.001). Additionally, mothers' feelings of insecurity had a direct positive effect on their children's separation anxiety (P<0.001). The indirect influence of the relationship between authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles on children's separation anxiety, mediated by maternal insecurity, was also (P<0.001). Consequently, given the significant association between maternal parenting styles and separation anxiety symptoms, as well as the mediating influence of mothers' insecurity, therapists and child counselors are encouraged to focus on enhancing parenting styles and alleviating maternal insecurity to reduce separation anxiety in children.

All children experience fear and anxiety as two natural emotions during their life, and this anxiety is more when they are away from their main caregivers. After examining the research background, it was found that each of the conducted studies only studied one of the components of this research. Therefore, the absence of a research that examines all the mentioned components in relation to each other, indicated the existence of a research gap in this field.

The model study was conducted with the aim of investigating the pattern of structural relationships predicting children's separation anxiety symptoms based on parenting styles with the mediation of stress.

This This research was descriptive and correlational in terms of applied purpose and based on the method of data collection. The statistical population of the present study included 500 mothers of 6-8 year old children suffering from separation anxiety disorder in 4 regions of north, south, east and west of Tehran city and 217 of them were based on Cochran's formula and available as a statistical sample. were chosen. Also, the data collection tool in this research was the Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale (Parent Version) (Han et al., 2003), Parenting Styles Questionnaire (Baumrind, 1971), and Parental Stress Index Standard Questionnaire (Abidin, 1983) and for data analysis Structural equation method and Spss-22.AMOS-22 software were also used.

The results of the research showed that children's separation anxiety symptoms can be predicted based on parenting styles with the mediation of stress (P<0.001) and also mothers' stress plays a mediating role in predicting children's separation anxiety symptoms based on parenting styles. has it. Also, the obtained findings indicate that the model of structural relationships predicting children's separation anxiety symptoms based on parenting styles with the mediation of mothers' stress has a suitable fit (P>0.05).

According to the optimal fit of the research structural model, children's separation anxiety symptoms can be predicted based on parenting styles with the mediation of mothers' stress. According to the results, it can be said that children's separation anxiety causes deep changes in various aspects of children's personal and social life. Using the categories identified in the current research can be a guide for experts in evaluating which of the categories children with separation anxiety have more serious problems in, and as a result, can help experts in designing and implementing interventions appropriate to the same category.

Nudge management brings exciting and new opportunities to improve employee productivity through focus and organizational improvement. Among the benefits of nudge management is that employees do not have to make extensive changes to their work habits and need very little public funding, it is optional, and it is always possible to avoid it. The philosophy of this interpretive study is its qualitative approach, and its strategy is grounded theory based on the emerging approach. The population was the nurses of Kerman hospitals, 15 of whom were selected using a purposeful sampling method until reaching theoretical saturation. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. Data analysis was carried out in MAXQDA 2020 quality analysis software. Ultimately, the final model of the study was presented based on Glaser's six C's family approach. The relevant model refers to the causes, correlation factors, mediating factors, requirements and the results of the axial category of the study. Finally, by presenting the nudge management model, the study provided the necessary ground for understanding and recognizing this concept and its proper application in health organizations.

Overconfidence is the most obvious bias at the micro level of behavioral finance. This research studies the effect of manager's overconfidence based on capital expenditure and investment on risk indexes (stock returns deviation and operating cash flow deviation) and capital productivity in the listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this research, 132 companies were surveyed during 2012-2017. In order to test the hypotheses, the panel regression model has been used. The research findings show that manager’s overconfidence based on capital expenditure does not have any significant effect on stock returns. Rather, overconfidence based on investment has a significant direct effect on stock returns deviation. It means that overconfident managers meet risk and invest on risky projects .Themanager's overconfidence (based on capital expenditure and investment) does not have any significant effect on operating cash flow deviation and capital productivity.

The study of mental health and its related factors is noteworthy for all individuals, groups and organizations, and is becoming more sensitive in some environments and situations. Among various organizations, one of the most important organizational groups in which interpersonal relationships, mental health and organizational virtue play a vital role in the performance of employees and managers is the organizations that have specific complexities and are always encountered with different pressures in the workplace. Health centers and hospitals are the most sensitive of these types of organizations, which are important in assessing interpersonal relationships, mental health, and paying attention to organizational virtues. Health centers need to employ specialist and compassionate staff dedicated to rescuing and caring for patients.

The Present Ideology of Neo-Classical Economic Paradigm to Follow Their Own Interests and Are Destroying the Ethical Basis and Its Consequences, Ethical Virtuous Society Is Low. Lean Thinking Judgment Based On Knowledge of Human Capital to "Do The Right Thing" Is Not Merely to "Do It Right." Doing The Right Things with Just the Ethical Value Management by Humans as Creatures Are Possible. Therefore, Attention to The Concept of Ethical Capital to Create Value Beyond the Existing Mission and Values, Will Be Doubled. In The Present Article Aims to Identify Ethical Capital, and Reviewed Different Views On This Issue.

The present study aimed to explain the mediating role of self-efficacy in relation to personality traits and social skills in students. The research was practical and descriptive-correlation method. The study population was all high school girl students of private schools in District 2 of Shiraz city in 95-94 school year that 140 students were selected by single-stage cluster sampling in the fourth schools and between seventh grades. Research tools were Matson social skills, Scherrer general self-efficacy (1982) and NEO Personality (1985) questionnaires. Data were analyzed in two statistical levels (descriptive, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (correlation matrix, regression analysis and path analysis). Findings showed that there is no significant relationship between flexibility and extroversion with social skills, also any relationship between flexibility and self-efficacy. There is a significant correlation between self-efficacy and social skills. Neurotic and conscientious personality traits are able to predict self-efficacy. So result show that self-efficacy plays the role of mediator in relation to personality traits and social skills.

In spite of the advantages of information and communication technology, the ethical concern about this technology has raised. The difference between the ideal situation and what is done in the real environment on moral issues, is called ethical gap. The aim of this study was to investigate the ethical gap between students in non-compliance with regulations and norms of the use of information, including privacy, intellectual property rights, the use of computers and scientific ethics at the universities in terms of research.
This is a quantitative research using survey method. Population of study was students that selected from University of Tehran and Shahid Beheshti University using cluster sampling in April and May 2015. The research questionnaire was distributed among the students using snowballing method and 291valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Data were analyzed by ANOVA.
The results showed that ethical gap in students usually can be seen in their information practices.
Results showed that there are differences between what people think that is correct and what they do in reality. This issue calls for more researches among universities on ethical gap using different research methods and data collection to more clarify the reasons for this gap.

The extending role of information technology ån human life and businesses put more concern on the moral consequences of this emerging technology. Ethics in information technology focuses on a wide range of topics including intellectual property, access, privacy, security. In order to study the influential factors on observing the ethics of information technology, the research model was developed based on the theory of planned behavior and gender has been considered as a moderating variable. This study is an applied research using survey method. The research population was students from University of Tehran and Shahid Beheshti University. The research questionnaire were distributed among students using random convenience sampling method. The developed hypotheses were testes by structural equation modeling using AMOS software. Based on the result, belief system, personal value, personal environment, self-efficacy and legal environment have indirect influence and subjective norms and behavioral intention have direct influence on information ethics observation by students. Moreover, the result showed students’ gender moderates some relationships in the proposed models.

Saltbush (Atriplex leucoclada) is one of the endemic halophyte plants of Iran, useful for desertification, restoring and modifying rangelands in arid and desert areas cultivation. To assess the effects of mechanical and chemical treatments in break seed dormancy and to stimulate seed germination in dimorph seeds of Atriplex leucoclada, two tests were performed in completely randomized design with three replicates for both of its two seed types. Treatments were: scratch pre-treatment, gibberellic acid or kinetin, ethephon, potassium nitrate or thiourea all performed for 24 h or 48 h at 4˚C or 20˚C, pre-treatment running water, moist chilling (20 days/4˚C) + 14-days treatment with gibberellic acid or potassium nitrate or thiourea, scratching with a sand paper, making a gap with a needle, hot water (70˚C or 90˚C for 15 min), sulphoric acid (75%), dry-storing (3 months/20˚C), stratification (3 months/4˚C). As the twice-scratched pretreatment caused the highest germination percentage (73.3%) and vigour index (8860) in the brown seeds and for the black ones these values were 63.3% and 7710, respectively. Overall, it is concluded the seed dormancy in both types of seeds in A. leucoclada could be physical.

Many theorists hold that theater derives from rituals. Iran and India are two ancient civilizations with deep and joint origins in which rituals have an important role. There are many debates about the origins of drama in ancient Iran. In this research we will concentrate on a view which holds "ritual origin" for drama. First we will shortly introduce the related theories .Then according to the theory of puppetry's priority over drama and depending on the archeological evidences from ancient civilizations of Jiroft and Shahr-I Sukhta and comparing them with similar findings from the civilization of Indus valley and their broad intercultural relations during the third millennium BC, we will express a new perspective about the background of drama in Iran.

Type 1 diabetes or insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease, associated with damage to pancreatic insulin-producing β cells. The antidiabetic effects of Cucurbitapepo (Pumpkin) on lipid profile and CRP levels were evaluated in diabeteic rats.

In this study, twenty eight male white Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of seven eachas follows: Group 1: normal control, Group 2 diabetic control, Group 3: preventive+ pumpkin powder (1g/kg BW), and Group 4: preventive+ pumpkin powder (2g/kg BW). The normal rats in group 3 received pumpkin powder with gavaje injection for 6 weeks, daily; they were injected with alloxan at the end of the second week. The normal rats in group 4 received pumpkin powder with gavaje injection for 6 weeks daily and they were injected with alloxan at the end of the second week. Fasting blood samples were collected before the injection of alloxan and the end of the experimental period.

The results indicate a significant increase in glucose, lipid profile (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL) and CRP level in the diabetic group compared with the other groups. Treatment with pumpkin powder in diabetic rats caused a significant decrease in the levels of biochemical factors compared with the diabetic groups (P<0.05).

The observations of this study indicate that phytochemicals present in pumpkin may play a preventive role in creation of diabetes-related complications.

Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and disturbances in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Cornus mas (cornaceae) is one of the major medicinal plants in Asian countries that cotained high level of anthocyanins with potential to prevent hyperglycemia and obesity. In this study, we investigated antidiabetic effects of cornus mas in compared to glibenclamid as a standard drug on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Thirty two male Wistar rats (190-240 g) were divided into four groups (n = 8): group 1 nondiabetic rats, group 2 alloxan-induced diabetic rats with no treatment, group 3 alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with glibenclamid (0.6 mg/kg body weight) and group 4 alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with cornus mas fruit 2 g daily for 4 weeks. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan 120 (mg/kg body weight). The results indicated that treatment with cornus mas fruit orally significantly reduced blood glucose levels and increased insulin levels in treatment of diabetic rats compared with no treatment diabetic group. Concurrent histological studies of the pancreas demonstrated the same results. On the base of histological results, cornus mas have a significant on increasing the size of pancreatic islets than diabetic groups (P < 0.05). Our results showed that cornus mas fruit has antidiabetic effects and can improve pancreas damage caused by free radicals in diabetes. The effects of this fruit can occur due to the presence of anthocyanin and other antioxidant compounds.

In this study a mechanism was modeled to control the jet path of nanofibers produced by electrospinning through inducing a magnetic field over the jet path. Firstly, a model was developed for the jet path in which the fibers composed of a series of viscoelastic segments. Considering the mass and momentum conservation and maxwellian model of stretching viscoelastic segments using three equations governing the jet dynamics of the jet model in electrospinning, a program was developed in MATLAB with Runge–Kutta method. After ensuring the accuracy of the model, its behavior was evaluated in the presence of a magnetic field. The field induced a uniform force distribution over the jet. As the intensity of the magnetic field increased; the instability and bending radius of the jet reduced. The results of the research showed that utilizing a suitable mechanism for applying magnetic field can provide help in controlling the jet path and alignment of the nanofibers.