فاطمه فهیمی

Libraries are socio-cultural institutions that influence different groups of society. Vulnerable groups, such as drug addicts, are exposed to various diseases such as mental disorders. Along with drug treatments, psychological interventions such as book therapy (library use) play an effective role in improving their mental health. This research was conducted to determine the effect of library use on mental health improvement in homeless people who have recovered from addiction.

This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Tolo centers of Tehran in 2019. The research population was 67 people who recovered from addiction and were living in Tolo centers. Data collection was performed with a self-report questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed and Cronbach's alpha was 0.89.

The results of the present study revealed that the libraries of Tolo centers affect the mental health of the clients more than the emotional well-being of the clients. The effect of using Tolo library on "psychological well-being" was less than "moderate", and its effect on "emotional well-being" and "social well-being" was between "low and medium". Most of the participants were satisfied with the educational workshops and services provided by the library, but they were not satisfied with the "information resources" and "library space". The effectiveness of library services in the mental health of the clients was "moderate to low".

It is necessary to expand the role and position of libraries in improving the mental health of vulnerable people, especially drug addicts, through the promotion of information services and the recruitment of qualified employees in libraries.

Parasitic diseases, including leishmaniasis, are the most prevalent infections worldwide that have serious risks for human health. Due to the serious side effects of chemical drugs and their inefficiency in some cases, medicinal plants have recently been considered for treating parasitic diseases. This scoping review study aimed to investigate and identify the medicinal plants introduced to treat leishmaniasis throughout the world. Scientific websites, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Magiran, Web of Science, and Elsevier were used to collect scientific information and research papers. The used keywords are Leishmaniasis, Medicinal Plants, and Protozoal Infection. The data were extracted and collected using research papers published over the past 16 years (2006-2022). Forty-three papers from the overall 385 collected articles were selected for the present study because of their complete relationship with the main aim of the research. The selected articles investigated 32 plant species for the treatment of leishmaniasis. The results of this systematic review study confirmed the therapeutic effect of 32 different kinds of medicinal plants. Furthermore, among these plants, three had stronger therapeutic effects and fewer side effects, including Rosmarinus Officinalis, Aloe otallensis, and Cephalis ipecacuana.

Susan Wendell, a feminist philosopher, has made feminist critiques of common definitions of disability in universal legal documents. According to her, changes should be made in the definition of disability in the important document of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the United Nations. First and foremost, it must be accepted that the natural structure and function and the natural ability to perform activities depend on the physical, social and cultural environment in which one lives. Accordingly, not only in the political, social and cultural dimensions, but even in the biological dimension, disability cannot find a single definition. As a result, we are not dealing with a single definition of disability, but we are dealing with "definitions" of disability and WHO, in principle, cannot universalize a single definition. Second, in the definitions of disability, great diversity should be considered in the disabled themselves, and even common disabilities without sharing in gender, class, race and age should not be included in a definition group. Third, in the correct definitions of disability, a limit should be set for those who have a conflict in the identity of the disability or the crisis of the identity of the disability, so that they do not fall into the category of healthy or disabled and can have enough time and energy to solve their challenge. And fourth, the exact distinction between patient and disabled is not in the best interest of either patient or disabled, but rather in the interest of patient support organizations and disability support organizations to reduce the number of clients and their costs. Wendell can be criticized for not using neutral, relative and cultural terms in the definition of disability, and this is in contrast with the purpose of defending the rights of persons with disabilities. Instead, one can distinguish between the definition of a person with a disability and the definition of a characteristic of a disability.

Macroeconomic indices are the essential tools to determine the effects of economic policies, in the short-, medium- and long-run planning and policy makings for an economy. One of the important indices in this area is the producer price index. Therefore, this paper investigates the forecasting of producer price index (PPI) in Iran using seasonal time series data over the period 1990-2017 (1369-1396) through Dynamic Model Selection (DMS) and Dynamic Model Averaging (DMA) in three forecast horizons (one, four, and eight season). In such methods, not only the coefficients but also the forecasting models change over time. The models used in this study (DMA, DMS, BMA, BVAR, TVP and AR) were divided into three categories, large-scale (including 101 variables in nine factor blocks), middle-scale (including 6 variables), and univariate models. The results of the study indicated that forecasting DMS and DMA compared to other approaches has an efficient forecasting performance for the producer price index in Iran.

Cucumber represents one of the most important fruit vegetables in the world which has an undeniable role in human nutrition and especially vegetarian nutritional diets. Therefore, yield and quality improvement of this crop is very important. This study was carried out during 2014 to evaluate the effects of foliar application of some chemical fertilizers compared to their soil application on greenhouse cucumber growth and development. The experimental design was completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 6 replications. Treatments were control (without fertilizer application), soil application of NPK, soil application of Biomin amino-chelate, foliar application of Biomin amino-chelate, soil application of Humifolin and foliar application of Humifolin. The results of means comparison showed that fertilizer treatments had significant effect on vegetative and reproductive growth of greenhouse cucumber. Soil-applied Humifolin, soil-applied NPK and then soil-applied Biomin treatments resulted in higher chlorophyll index, number of lateral shoots, shoot fresh weight, total fruit yield, fruit dry weight percentage and fruit soluble solids. Foliar application of Biomin in recommended concentration (0.2 %) resulted in leaf chlorosis and reduced plant growth and yield. While, foliar application of Humifolin caused better growth and development of the plants. In general, in this study, soil-applied treatments, especially Biomin amino-chelate, led to better plant performance, as compared to foliar application treatments.

International Relations are in constant interactions and confrontations between the actors which mainly are nation-states. Game theory is one of major explanatory model which explain why states cooperate or conflict to each other at any issue areas. The main presumption of game theory is that the actors treat rationally and try to reach to the optimal payoff. Iranian nuclear dossier is one of international conflicting issue which have involved many big powers who are nicknamed as 5+1.This article is going to explain the reasons of confrontation and cooperation between Iran and 5+1 through game theory models. The game models such as stag hunt and deadlock dilemma are less addressed in the theoretical literature of game theory in Farsi. In this article such models would be more elaborated and the Iranian nuclear case is analyzed through them.

Subsequent to the Islamic revolution, the Islamic Republic of Iran embraced a foreign policy which entailed a reform in the existing state of affairs in the world. Furthermore fundamental beliefs such as the “No East nor West policy” and “Support for the deprived in the world” became the core fundamentals for its foreign policies. These issues caused a continuous tension between the Islamic Republic and the international states; as a result in every periodic stage an issue prepared the grounds for this tension. Respectively, the Iranian foreign policy following the revolution towards the third world countries, has fortified the role of these countries in the Iranian foreign relations. Issues such as the Iranian nuclear rights, and the state of Human rights in Iran, are currently the key factors for cyber attacks launched by the Western countries against the Islamic Republic of Iran. This paper intends to examine the role of the Latin American countries in these files and to analyse their behaviour in this regard. The hypothesis of this study is that the behaviour of the Latin American countries is manipulated by the variable of United States. In other words, the more harmonious has been their foreign policy with the United States, the more unfriendly behaviour they have shown.