فهرست مطالب فاطمه قرائی

Cucurbita genus belongs to Cucurbitaceae family. These plants are attacked with different pathogenic agents. Currently the effective strategy to control many disease of Cucurbitaceae is the usage of resistant plants. In this study, the NBS domain encoded by resistance genes was studied in Iranian native varieties of cantaloupe. For this purpose, the seeds of Iranian native cantaloupe cultivars were provided and cultivated in greenhouse. DNA was extracted from leaves of different cultivars using CTAB method. Degenerate primers were designed from conserved motives of resistance analogues genes and amplification of these genes was performed using PCR method. The results showed the isolation of an analogous for resistance gene to tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) in cantaloupe cultivars TN-92-99 and TN-92-80 that were cloned in pGEM-T plasmid and then sequenced. Blast analysis indicates that NBS sequence in Irnian cantaloupe share 92% similarity with ToMV resistance gene in watermelon. Phylogenetic tree drawing using resistance gene analogues from cantaloupe and watermelon existing in NCBI gene bank created tow main groups and seven subgroups.Bioinformatic analysis revealed that these genes sequences are conserved among some native cantaloupe caltivars of Iran. Second structure study of protein of ToMV resistance gene analogus using PSIpred software indicates that these proteins only have α helix structure. This protein is secreted in plasma membrane and its extracellular secretion is very little.

Nucleotide binding site leucine-rich repeats (NBS-LRR) accounting for the main disease resistance proteins play an important role in plant defense against pathogen attack. The current study aimed to identify new NBS-LRR gene members in native types of cucurbit species in Iran. Accordingly, DNAs of melon, cucumber and cantaloupe native types to Iran were identified using three primer pairs. PCR products of the expected size were generated and the obtained DNA was cloned using the pGEM-T. BLASTN algorithms were used to compare the insert sequences with sequences available at the Entrez nucleotide and protein. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using the MEGA software. The results analysis suggests that cucurbit species native types’ genome contain new NBS_LRR resistance gene analogues against cucurbit pathogens. These resistance gene analogues are composed of genes related to both coiled-coil (CC) and toll-interleukin-receptor homology (TIR) domain containing NBS-LRR R-genes. Phylogenetic analysis of these genes shows that they include NBS-LRRs derived from a recent common ancestor. This study provides an insight into the evolution of NBS-LRR genes in the Cucurbit native type species genomes that are resistance analogues against cucurbit bacterial blight pathogen and tomato mosaic virus.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of perceptual-motor and music enrichment of environment on the development of fine and gross motor movements in infants. 32 healthy infants (5 to 8 months old) participated in this study and were divided homogenously into four groups (each group 8 subjects): three experimental groups and one control group. Experimental groups had 36 training sessions, 60 minutes per session in their specific enriched environments. Infants in group A were assigned to a perceptual-motor and music enriched environment, infants in group B to a perceptual-motor enriched environment and infants in group C to a music enriched environment. Peabody motor development scale (second edition) was used to evaluate fine and gross motor skills. Data were analyzed using the variables of age equivalent of this scale. The obtained data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed a significant difference in mean age equivalent scores in gross motor movements (P=0.001) and in fine motor movements (P=0.001) between experimental and control groups. These findings showed that perceptual-motor and music experience had a positive effect on motor development generally and on age equivalents of fine and grossmotor movements specifically. In other words, environmental condition and experience were positive factors in fundamental and basic motor skill development in infants who participated in the three experimental groups.