فاطمه قندالی

This was a semi experimental research with pre-test and posttest design. The statistical community consisted of all pupils addicted to drugs and referred to the Qarchak addiction centers in 1395. Among them 30 were selected by voluntary sampling method and were randomly replaced in two groups of experiment and control group (each group of 15). The experiment group was trained for 15 minutes with positive psychological interventions and the control was on the waiting list. Both groups met with Kunar &Davidson (2003), well-being questionnaire (1989)and Argail (1990) happiness questionnaire as pre-test and ….. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 19 by univariate covariance. The findings indicated that there is a significant difference between the training group of positive psychological interventions and control group. In other words, the training of positive psychology interventions caused a significant increase in psychological well-being, psychological well-being and happiness (P<0.05). Discussion and conclusions The results of this study showed that the method of teaching positive psychology interventions could improve resiliency, psychological well - being and happiness in dependent people. Therefore, psychologists can use this method to improve the swing, psychological well being and happiness in people dependent on drugs.

Abstract Head lice Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer belongs to heterometablian insects of Phthiraptera and is known as a very serious environmental health pest throughout the world that infests millions of people annually. This study was designed to investigate the morphometric characteristics of different populations of head lice in five countryside’s in south-east of Tehran province. Head lices were sampled from high school girls through autumn 2014 to spring 2015 and preserved in ethanol 70%. Fifteen characteristics were measured for males and females and data were analyzed by ANOVA under 99% confidence level. The means were compared by Duncan mean comparison tool. The results showed that there is high level of variations among the studied populations of head lice in the area and this variation would be due to the high level of genetic variations.

One of the widespread activities of Takfiri Salafiah, in the direction of hostility with their opponents including Shia and other Islamic religions, is criticizing their beliefs and opinions. But these critiques are made in contrast with the right principles and rules of criticism and thus, themselves should be critically analyzed. This paper firstly introduces the Takfiri Salafiah and then, investigates their various methods in referring to hadith and in opposition with opponents. For each method, some instances are mentioned and the criticism of the method is presented. By a survey of various works of Takfiri Salafiah, it is shown that they have utilized methods such as elimination of hadiths form sources, distortion of hadiths, referring to week and fake hadiths, accusing hadiths to be week or fake, and improper fragmentation of hadiths in order to criticize their opponents.

Head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis (De Geer 1767) is the most common parasitic lice in the world. Regarding to the importance of sanitation in public health and its distribution throughout the country, the present study was conducted to assess the distribution of head lice in high school girls of south eastern part of Tehran province in five cities, Varamin, Gharchak, Pakdasht, Pishva and Javadabd. Samples were taken randomly through winter to spring 2015. The infection rate of head lice and mean number of the head lice population, for each developmental stage were calculated and statistically analyzed. The results showed significant difference of infection rate among the studies cities; as Varamin (5.84%) and Gharchak (4.79%) had the lowest infection rate and Pakdasht (13.16%) showed the highest infection. Moreover, based on the samples population, head lice population showed the highest level in Varamin (lice30.8±6.56) with significant difference which would be due to higher population of the area.

The term “āyah” is one of the Qur‟anic divisions based on the mere Qur‟an and used in the text of the divine discourse. This term has different meanings and applications some of which are observed in certain traditions quoted from the Infallibles (A.S). This article intends to investigate the meanings and applications of this term in the Shi„a traditions among which is the hadith transmitted by Hishām b. Sālim that apparently denotes that the